Phi Cassiopeiae (φ Cas, φ Cassiopeiae) is a star in the constellationCassiopeia. φ Cassiopeiae is a multiple star with a combined apparent magnitude of +4.95. The two brightest components are A and C, sometimes called φ1 and φ2 Cas. φ Cas A is an F0 bright supergiant of magnitude 4.95 and φ Cas C is a 7.08 magnitude B6 supergiant at 134".
φ1 and φ2 Cassiopeiae are the two brightest star in the field of open cluster NGC 457.
φ Cassiopeiae appears among the stars of the open clusterNGC 457, which is at 2,400pc, but it is uncertain whether it is a member of the cluster.[11] φ Cas is generally treated as having five component stars, designated A to E in order of distance from the brightest star. The two components A and C are the brightest members of NGC 457; they are sometimes referred to as φ1 and φ2 Cassiopeiae.[13] Component B is a 12th magnitude star 49" from φ1. Components D and E and both 10th magnitude B-type main sequence stars in NGC 457, with component E only 42" from φ2. Another three components are sometimes listed as components of the multiple system, although this is somewhat arbitrary with dozens of members of NGC 457 being found within a few arc-minutes.[14]
The two supergiants share a similar space motion to the other stars in NGC 457, but their evolutionary status and brightness makes them unlikely members.[9] Their Gaia Data Release 2 parallaxes are comparable to other stars in the cluster and consistent with the accepted distance of NGC 457,[15] and component C has been given a 70% likelihood of being a member of the cluster.[16]
Properties
The primary component of the φ Cassiopeiae system is a very luminous yellow supergiant. Its absolute magnitude is comparable to some yellow hypergiants but it does not show the level of mass loss and instability that would qualify it as a hypergiant itself. Various model atmospheres all give a temperature around 7,300K, a low surface gravity, a radius around 250 R☉, and a luminosity well over 100,000 L☉. More uncertain is the mass, which would be expected to have been well over 25 M☉ initially, but much less now. Different authors have published values from 6 M☉ to 17 M☉.[9][17]
Component C is a relatively typical B class supergiant, 83,000 times the luminosity of the sun. It is a suspected variable and a suspected spectroscopic binary.[18]
^ abcdeVallenari, A.; et al. (Gaia Collaboration) (2022). "Gaia Data Release 3. Summary of the content and survey properties". Astronomy & Astrophysics. arXiv:2208.00211. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202243940. Gaia DR3 record for this source at VizieR.
^ abcdEggleton, P. P.; Tokovinin, A. A. (2008). "A catalogue of multiplicity among bright stellar systems". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 389 (2): 869. arXiv:0806.2878. Bibcode:2008MNRAS.389..869E. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2008.13596.x. S2CID 14878976.
^ abcdeVallenari, A.; et al. (Gaia Collaboration) (2022). "Gaia Data Release 3. Summary of the content and survey properties". Astronomy & Astrophysics. arXiv:2208.00211. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202243940. Gaia DR3 record for this source at VizieR.
^ abcdDucati, J. R. (2002). "VizieR Online Data Catalog: Catalogue of Stellar Photometry in Johnson's 11-color system". CDS/ADC Collection of Electronic Catalogues. 2237. Bibcode:2002yCat.2237....0D.
^Mermilliod, J. C.; Mayor, M.; Udry, S. (2008). "Red giants in open clusters. XIV. Mean radial velocities for 1309 stars and 166 open clusters". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 485 (1): 303–314. Bibcode:2008A&A...485..303M. CiteSeerX10.1.1.30.7545. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:200809664.
^ abcdKovtyukh, V. V.; Gorlova, N.; Belik, S. I. (2012). "Accurate luminosities from the oxygen 7771-4 a triplet and the fundamental parameters of F-G supergiants". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 423 (4): 3268. arXiv:1204.4115v1. Bibcode:2012MNRAS.423.3268K. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2012.21117.x. S2CID 118683158.
^Kharchenko, N. V.; Scholz, R.-D.; Piskunov, A. E.; Röser, S.; Schilbach, E. (2007). "Astrophysical supplements to the ASCC-2.5: Ia. Radial velocities of ˜55000 stars and mean radial velocities of 516 Galactic open clusters and associations". Astronomische Nachrichten. 328 (9): 889. arXiv:0705.0878. Bibcode:2007AN....328..889K. doi:10.1002/asna.200710776. S2CID 119323941.
^ abcLeitherer, C.; Wolf, B. (1984). "Early-type stars in OB associations in the infrared. I Extinction law and IR excesses". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 132: 151. Bibcode:1984A&A...132..151L.
^ abcdeRosenzweig, P.; Anderson, L. (1993). "A determination of the basic atmospheric parameters of Phi Cassiopeiae". The Astrophysical Journal. 411: 207. Bibcode:1993ApJ...411..207R. doi:10.1086/172820.
^Evans, Christopher J.; Howarth, Ian D. (2003). "Characteristics and classification of A-type supergiants in the Small Magellanic Cloud". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 345 (4): 1223. arXiv:astro-ph/0308125. Bibcode:2003MNRAS.345.1223E. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2966.2003.07038.x. S2CID 15290757.
^ abZhang, X. B.; Luo, C. Q.; Fu, J. N. (2012). "B-Type Variables in the Young Open Cluster Ngc 457". The Astronomical Journal. 144 (3): 86. Bibcode:2012AJ....144...86Z. doi:10.1088/0004-6256/144/3/86.
^ abcdMcErlean, N. D.; Lennon, D. J.; Dufton, P. L. (1999). "Galactic B-supergiants: A non-LTE model atmosphere analysis to estimate atmospheric parameters and chemical compositions". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 349: 553. Bibcode:1999A&A...349..553M.
^Mark Bratton (15 September 2011). The Complete Guide to the Herschel Objects: Sir William Herschel's Star Clusters, Nebulae and Galaxies. Cambridge University Press. pp. 583–. ISBN978-0-521-76892-4.
^Dommanget, J.; Nys, O. (1994). "Catalogue des composantes d'etoiles doubles et multiples (CCDM) premiere edition - Catalogue of the components of double and multiple stars (CCDM) first edition". Com. De l'Observ. Royal de Belgique. 115: 1. Bibcode:1994CoORB.115....1D.
^Brown, A. G. A.; et al. (Gaia collaboration) (August 2018). "Gaia Data Release 2: Summary of the contents and survey properties". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 616. A1. arXiv:1804.09365. Bibcode:2018A&A...616A...1G. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201833051.
^Cantat-Gaudin, T.; Anders, F. (2020). "Clusters and mirages: Cataloguing stellar aggregates in the Milky Way". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 633: A99. arXiv:1911.07075. Bibcode:2020A&A...633A..99C. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201936691. S2CID 208138247.
^Arellano Ferro, A.; Parrao, L.; Giridhar, S. (1988). "Comments on the variability and physical parameters of the F supergiant Phi Cassiopeiae". Astronomical Society of the Pacific. 100: 993. Bibcode:1988PASP..100..993A. doi:10.1086/132261.
^Mayer, Pavel; Hanna, Magdy A.; Wolf, Marek; Chochol, Drahos (1998). "Radial velocities of six early-type evolved stars". Astrophysics and Space Science. 262 (2): 163. Bibcode:1994CoSka..24...65M. doi:10.1023/A:1001840718226. S2CID 118901569.
January 27, 2023
cassiopeiae, cassiopeiae, star, constellation, cassiopeia, cassiopeiae, multiple, star, with, combined, apparent, magnitude, brightest, components, sometimes, called, bright, supergiant, magnitude, magnitude, supergiant, cassiopeiaelocation, cassiopeiae, circl. Phi Cassiopeiae f Cas f Cassiopeiae is a star in the constellation Cassiopeia f Cassiopeiae is a multiple star with a combined apparent magnitude of 4 95 The two brightest components are A and C sometimes called f1 and f2 Cas f Cas A is an F0 bright supergiant of magnitude 4 95 and f Cas C is a 7 08 magnitude B6 supergiant at 134 f CassiopeiaeLocation of f Cassiopeiae circled Observation dataEpoch J2000 0 Equinox J2000 0Constellation CassiopeiaARight ascension 01h 20m 04 916s 1 Declination 58 13 53 81 1 Apparent magnitude V 5 11 2 CRight ascension 01h 19m 51 736s 3 Declination 58 11 29 32 3 Apparent magnitude V 7 08 2 CharacteristicsASpectral type F0Ia 2 U B color index 0 49 4 B V color index 0 68 4 CSpectral type B6Ib 2 U B color index 0 37 4 B V color index 0 41 4 AstrometryARadial velocity Rv 28 39 5 km sProper motion m RA 1 479 1 mas yr Dec 1 231 1 mas yrParallax p 0 2142 0 0838 mas 1 Distanceapprox 15 000 ly approx 5 000 pc Absolute magnitude MV 8 76 6 CRadial velocity Rv 28 50 7 km sProper motion m RA 1 560 3 mas yr Dec 0 809 3 mas yrParallax p 0 3679 0 0169 mas 3 Distance8 900 400 ly 2 700 100 pc Absolute magnitude MV 6 5 8 DetailsAMass6 3 9 M Radius263 9 R Luminosity170 000 9 L Surface gravity log g 1 0 6 cgsTemperature7 341 6 KMetallicity 0 24 6 Rotational velocity v sin i 23 10 km sAge20 11 MyrCMass21 8 M Radius53 8 R Luminosity83 000 12 L Surface gravity log g 2 05 12 cgsTemperature15 500 12 KRotational velocity v sin i 35 12 km sOther designations34 Cassiopeiae HR 382 CCDM J01200 5813 ADS 1073A HD 7927 HIP 6242 BD 57 260 SAO 22191 GC 1594C HD 7902 HIP 6229 BD 57 257 SAO 22187 GC 1590 NSV 466Database referencesSIMBADdata Contents 1 System 2 Properties 3 See also 4 ReferencesSystem Edit f1 and f2 Cassiopeiae are the two brightest star in the field of open cluster NGC 457 f Cassiopeiae appears among the stars of the open cluster NGC 457 which is at 2 400pc but it is uncertain whether it is a member of the cluster 11 f Cas is generally treated as having five component stars designated A to E in order of distance from the brightest star The two components A and C are the brightest members of NGC 457 they are sometimes referred to as f1 and f2 Cassiopeiae 13 Component B is a 12th magnitude star 49 from f1 Components D and E and both 10th magnitude B type main sequence stars in NGC 457 with component E only 42 from f2 Another three components are sometimes listed as components of the multiple system although this is somewhat arbitrary with dozens of members of NGC 457 being found within a few arc minutes 14 The two supergiants share a similar space motion to the other stars in NGC 457 but their evolutionary status and brightness makes them unlikely members 9 Their Gaia Data Release 2 parallaxes are comparable to other stars in the cluster and consistent with the accepted distance of NGC 457 15 and component C has been given a 70 likelihood of being a member of the cluster 16 Properties EditThe primary component of the f Cassiopeiae system is a very luminous yellow supergiant Its absolute magnitude is comparable to some yellow hypergiants but it does not show the level of mass loss and instability that would qualify it as a hypergiant itself Various model atmospheres all give a temperature around 7 300K a low surface gravity a radius around 250 R and a luminosity well over 100 000 L More uncertain is the mass which would be expected to have been well over 25 M initially but much less now Different authors have published values from 6 M to 17 M 9 17 Component C is a relatively typical B class supergiant 83 000 times the luminosity of the sun It is a suspected variable and a suspected spectroscopic binary 18 See also EditRho CassiopeiaeReferences Edit a b c d e Vallenari A et al Gaia Collaboration 2022 Gaia Data Release 3 Summary of the content and survey properties Astronomy amp Astrophysics arXiv 2208 00211 doi 10 1051 0004 6361 202243940 Gaia DR3 record for this source at VizieR a b c d Eggleton P P Tokovinin A A 2008 A catalogue of multiplicity among bright stellar systems Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 389 2 869 arXiv 0806 2878 Bibcode 2008MNRAS 389 869E doi 10 1111 j 1365 2966 2008 13596 x S2CID 14878976 a b c d e Vallenari A et al Gaia Collaboration 2022 Gaia Data Release 3 Summary of the content and survey properties Astronomy amp Astrophysics arXiv 2208 00211 doi 10 1051 0004 6361 202243940 Gaia DR3 record for this source at VizieR a b c d Ducati J R 2002 VizieR Online Data Catalog Catalogue of Stellar Photometry in Johnson s 11 color system CDS ADC Collection of Electronic Catalogues 2237 Bibcode 2002yCat 2237 0D Mermilliod J C Mayor M Udry S 2008 Red giants in open clusters XIV Mean radial velocities for 1309 stars and 166 open clusters Astronomy and Astrophysics 485 1 303 314 Bibcode 2008A amp A 485 303M CiteSeerX 10 1 1 30 7545 doi 10 1051 0004 6361 200809664 a b c d Kovtyukh V V Gorlova N Belik S I 2012 Accurate luminosities from the oxygen 7771 4 a triplet and the fundamental parameters of F G supergiants Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 423 4 3268 arXiv 1204 4115v1 Bibcode 2012MNRAS 423 3268K doi 10 1111 j 1365 2966 2012 21117 x S2CID 118683158 Kharchenko N V Scholz R D Piskunov A E Roser S Schilbach E 2007 Astrophysical supplements to the ASCC 2 5 Ia Radial velocities of 55000 stars and mean radial velocities of 516 Galactic open clusters and associations Astronomische Nachrichten 328 9 889 arXiv 0705 0878 Bibcode 2007AN 328 889K doi 10 1002 asna 200710776 S2CID 119323941 a b c Leitherer C Wolf B 1984 Early type stars in OB associations in the infrared I Extinction law and IR excesses Astronomy and Astrophysics 132 151 Bibcode 1984A amp A 132 151L a b c d e Rosenzweig P Anderson L 1993 A determination of the basic atmospheric parameters of Phi Cassiopeiae The Astrophysical Journal 411 207 Bibcode 1993ApJ 411 207R doi 10 1086 172820 Evans Christopher J Howarth Ian D 2003 Characteristics and classification of A type supergiants in the Small Magellanic Cloud Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 345 4 1223 arXiv astro ph 0308125 Bibcode 2003MNRAS 345 1223E doi 10 1046 j 1365 2966 2003 07038 x S2CID 15290757 a b Zhang X B Luo C Q Fu J N 2012 B Type Variables in the Young Open Cluster Ngc 457 The Astronomical Journal 144 3 86 Bibcode 2012AJ 144 86Z doi 10 1088 0004 6256 144 3 86 a b c d McErlean N D Lennon D J Dufton P L 1999 Galactic B supergiants A non LTE model atmosphere analysis to estimate atmospheric parameters and chemical compositions Astronomy and Astrophysics 349 553 Bibcode 1999A amp A 349 553M Mark Bratton 15 September 2011 The Complete Guide to the Herschel Objects Sir William Herschel s Star Clusters Nebulae and Galaxies Cambridge University Press pp 583 ISBN 978 0 521 76892 4 Dommanget J Nys O 1994 Catalogue des composantes d etoiles doubles et multiples CCDM premiere edition Catalogue of the components of double and multiple stars CCDM first edition Com De l Observ Royal de Belgique 115 1 Bibcode 1994CoORB 115 1D Brown A G A et al Gaia collaboration August 2018 Gaia Data Release 2 Summary of the contents and survey properties Astronomy amp Astrophysics 616 A1 arXiv 1804 09365 Bibcode 2018A amp A 616A 1G doi 10 1051 0004 6361 201833051 Cantat Gaudin T Anders F 2020 Clusters and mirages Cataloguing stellar aggregates in the Milky Way Astronomy and Astrophysics 633 A99 arXiv 1911 07075 Bibcode 2020A amp A 633A 99C doi 10 1051 0004 6361 201936691 S2CID 208138247 Arellano Ferro A Parrao L Giridhar S 1988 Comments on the variability and physical parameters of the F supergiant Phi Cassiopeiae Astronomical Society of the Pacific 100 993 Bibcode 1988PASP 100 993A doi 10 1086 132261 Mayer Pavel Hanna Magdy A Wolf Marek Chochol Drahos 1998 Radial velocities of six early type evolved stars Astrophysics and Space Science 262 2 163 Bibcode 1994CoSka 24 65M doi 10 1023 A 1001840718226 S2CID 118901569 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Phi Cassiopeiae amp 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