Telmessos
Telmessos or Telmessus (Hittite: 𒆪𒉿𒆷𒉺𒀸𒊭 Kuwalapašša, Lycian: 𐊗𐊁𐊍𐊁𐊂𐊁𐊛𐊆 Telebehi, Ancient Greek: Τελμησσός), also Telmissus (Ancient Greek: Τελμισσός),[1] later Anastasiopolis (Ancient Greek: Αναστασιούπολις), then Makri or Macre (Greek: Μάκρη), was the largest city in Lycia, near the Carian border, and is sometimes confused with Telmessos in Caria. It was called Telebehi in the Lycian language. The well-protected harbor of Telmessos is separated from the Gulf of Telmessos by an island.
Shown within Turkey Telmessos (Near East) Telmessos (Eastern Mediterranean) | |
| Location | Fethiye, Muğla Province, Turkey |
|---|---|
| Coordinates | 36°37′6″N 29°7′4″E / 36.61833°N 29.11778°ECoordinates: 36°37′6″N 29°7′4″E / 36.61833°N 29.11778°E |
| History | |
| Founded | Pre-10th millennium BCE |
The name of the modern town on the site is Fethiye.
History
The city was known as Kuwalapašša by the Hittites and Telebehi by the Lycians.[2] According to the annals of Hattusili III, the city was a part of Lycia (which was known as Lukka at the time) and conquered by the Hittites. Another Hittite document mentions the cities of Kuwalapašša and Dalawa sent aid to Hittites during the war against Iyalanda.[3]
Telmessos was a flourishing city in the west of Lycia, on the Gulf of Fethiye. It was famed for its school of diviners, consulted among others by the Lydian king Croesus, prior to declaring war against Cyrus, and by Alexander the Great, when he came to the town after the siege of Halicarnassus.
Telmessos was a member of the Delian League in the 5th century BC. It was taken by Alexander in 334 BC.
Telmessos was renamed Anastasiopolis in the 8th century AD, apparently in honour of Emperor Anastasios II, but this name did not persist. The city came to be called Makri, after the name of the island at the entrance to the harbor. This name is attested for the first time in 879 AD.
However, an inscription of the 7th century found in Gibraltar and bearing the ethnonym "Makriotes" (from Makri) may indicate an earlier existence of name Makri.[4]
Its ruins are located at Fethiye.
Church history
Le Quien (Oriens christianus, I, 971) mentions two bishops of Telmessus: Hilary (370) and Zenodotus, at the Council of Chalcedon (451). The latter is called "Bishop of the Metropolis of Telmessaei and the Isle of Macra". The Notitiae Episcopatuum mentions Telmessus among the suffragans of Myra until the 10th century, when it is no longer called Macra; in 1316 mention is made of the See of "Macra and Lybysium". Lybysium or Levissi, about four miles south-west of Makri, had in the early 20th century 3000 inhabitants, nearly all Greeks.
The see is included, under the name Telmissus, in the Catholic Church's list of titular sees.[5] The historically important former Bishop of Montreal, Ignace Bourget's first epsicopal title was as bishop of the Catholic titular see of Telmessos.[6] In the Eastern Orthodox Church, Telmessos is also a titular episcopal see of the Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople. The current holder of the see, Archbishop Job, is primate of the Patriarchal Exarchate for Orthodox Parishes of Russian Tradition in Western Europe, based in Paris.[7]
See also
- Aristander of Telmessus, seer to Alexander the Great
- Birds Without Wings 2004 novel by Louis de Bernières set in the early 1900s in a fictional Anatolian village called Eskibahçe where Telmessos is the nearest town.
References
- ^ Michel Lequien, Oriens christianus in quatuor Patriarchatus digestus, Paris 1740, Vol. I, coll. 971–972
- ^ Lebrun, René (1992). "De quelques cultes lyciens et pamphyliens". Sedat Alp'e Armağan, Festschrift für Sedat Alp: Hittite and other Anatolian and Near Eastern Studies in Honour of Sedat Alp. Ankara: Türk Tarih Kumru Basımevi. p. 392.
- ^ Seçer, Sezer. Yazılı Belgeler Işığında Lukka, Pedassa ve Walma Ülkelerinin Tarihi ve Tarihi Coğrafyası (MSc). İstanbul Üniversitesi. p. 91-92.
- ^ Jaime B. Curbera (1996) "Two Greek Christian Inscriptions from Spain". Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik 110 (1996) 290–292.
- ^ Annuario Pontificio 2013 (Libreria Editrice Vaticana, 2013, ISBN 978-88-209-9070-1), p. 985
- ^ Léon Pouliot, Monseigneur Bourget et son temps, (Editions Bellamarin, 1972), p. 9.
- ^ "L'archimandrite Job (Getcha) a été canoniquement élu ce matin par le Saint-Synode du Patriarcat de Constantinople" [Archimandrite Job (Getcha) has been canonically elected this morning by the Holy Synod of the Patriarchate of Constantinople]. www.orthodoxie.com - L'information orthodoxe sur Internet (in French). 2 November 2013. Retrieved 2 November 2013.
Sources
- Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). "Telmessus". Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
- Clive Foss, "The Lycian Coast in the Byzantine Age", Dumbarton Oaks Papers 48:1-52 (1994). at JSTOR
- This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). "Telmessus". Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company.