Much of what is known about the childhood of Hattusili III is gathered from a biographical account, written on a stone tablet during his reign, referred to as the Apology.[3] Hattusili III was born the youngest of four children to the Hittite king Mursili II and queen Gassulawiya. According to Hattusili III himself, he was an ill and sickly child who was initially expected not to survive to adulthood.[4] Hattusili III credited the goddess Ishtar with saving his life during this period, and would remain an ardent patron of Ishtar indefinitely.[3][2] Due to his place as the youngest son, Hattusili III did not become king after the death of his father. Instead his older brother Muwattalli II ascended the throne.
Before becoming king, Hattusili III married Puduhepa, a priestess of Ishtar, who later became an important Hittite queen in her own right.[5][6] With Puduhepa, Hattusili III had three children, including his successor Tudhaliya IV.
Rise to kingship and reign as king
When his brother Muwattalli II became king, Hattusili III was appointed to govern over the northern lands of the Hittite empire. While this initially caused minor controversy among the locals and the ousted governor, Hattusili III was quick to quash dissidence with military force[7] and turned his eyes towards conquering new territories surrounding the northern Hittite lands. When the King made the decision to move the capital from Hattusa to Tarhuntassa, Hattusili III was left to quash the rebellions that arose due to this decision.[2] Subsequently, Hattusili III was made King of the northern territories by his brother Muwattalli II.[2]
Upon the death of Muwattalli II, Hattusili III's nephew Urhi-Teshub became king. There was controversy with this appointment, because Urhi-Teshub was the son of Muwattalli's concubine, not his wife. Despite his origins as a "second-rank son",[2] Hattusili III initially supported Urhi-Teshub's kingship as it was the wish of Muwatalli II that Urhi-Teshub should rule. Urhi-Teshub ruled under the name Mursili III. Shortly after his accession to the throne, Mursili III had the capital moved from Tarhuntassa back to its original home of Hattussa. This effectively reduced much of Hattusili's power in the region and nullified his role as king of the northern territories.[2] Hattusili III was also stripped of all of his territories aside from Hapkis and Nerik. This strained the relationship greatly, and upon having Nerik stripped of him as well, Hattusili III sought to usurp the throne.
After deposing Mursili III as king, Hattusili III exiled him to Syria.[2][3] Hattusili III appointed Muwattalli II's other son Kurunta, whom he himself had raised, to govern Tarhuntassa in a similar capacity that Hattusili III himself had once held.[2]
As king, Hattussili III sought to keep a correspondence with many different kingships in the surrounding areas. After his ascension to the throne, Hattusili III began a correspondence with Egyptian Pharaoh Ramesses II[8] that culminated in the first ever recorded peace treaty, the Eternal Treaty (also known as the Treaty of Kadesh). This correspondence took place roughly fifteen years after the Battle of Kadesh.[2]
Hattusili's reign as king is notable for the large collection of letters and written accounts unearthed from this period. Over two-hundred letters were unearthed at the site of the royal palace in Hattusa. These primary sources, including The Apology, the Talagalawa letter, and the Arzawa letters, are considered among the very few primary sources available from the Hittite empire of the time.
^ abcAndrew., Knapp (2015). Royal apologetic in the ancient Near East. SBL Press. ISBN978-0884140757. OCLC 932049464.
^"British Museum - Bryce". www.thebritishmuseum.ac.uk. Retrieved 2018-05-02.
^Darga, Muhibbe. Women in the Historical Ages. In Women in Anatolia, 9000 Years of the History of the Anatolian Woman, Turkish Republic Ministry of Culture, Istanbul, 1993, page 30.
^Letter from Ramses II of Egypt to Puduhepa, from Women in Anatolia, 9000 Years of the History of the Anatolian Woman, Turkish Republic Ministry of Culture, Istanbul, 1993.
^Gurney, O. R. (December 1997). "The Annals of Hattusilis III". Anatolian Studies. 47: 127–139. doi:10.2307/3642903. ISSN 2048-0849. JSTOR 3642903.
^A., Hoffner, Harry (2009). Letters from the Hittite Kingdom. Beckman, Gary M. Atlanta, GA: Society of Biblical Literature. ISBN9781589834149. OCLC 587445921.
External links
The Eternal Treaty from the Hittite perspective by Trevor Bryce, BMSAES 6 (2006), pp. 1–11
The Apology of Hattusilis III Hittite text and English translation at UT Austin Linguistics Research Center
^King (lugal) of Tarhuntassa (Bryce 1997, p. 296); apparently later Great King of Hatti (Bryce 1997, p. 354).
^Nerikkaili married a daughter of Bentesina, king of Amurru (Bryce 1997, p. 294).
^Two daughters of Hattusili III were married to the pharaoh Ramesses II; one was given the Egyptian name Ma(hor)nefrure. Another, Gassuwaliya, married into the royal house of Amurru. Kilushepa was married to a king of Isuwa. A daughter married into the royal family of Babylon. A sister of Tudhaliya IV married Sausgamuwa, king of Amurru after his father Bentesina. From Bryce (1997), pp. 294 and 312.
^Bryce (1997), p. 363. Tudhaliya IV probably married a Babylonian princess, known by her title of Great Princess (dumu.sal gal) (Bryce 1997, pp. 294, 331).
^King and then Great King of Carchemish (Bryce 1997, pp. 384–385).
February 19, 2023
Ḫattušili, this, article, needs, additional, citations, verification, please, help, improve, this, article, adding, citations, reliable, sources, unsourced, material, challenged, removed, find, sources, news, newspapers, books, scholar, jstor, june, 2018, lear. This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Ḫattusili III news newspapers books scholar JSTOR June 2018 Learn how and when to remove this template message Hattusili III Hittite from Hattusa was king of the Hittite empire New Kingdom c 1275 1245 BC middle chronology 1 or 1267 1237 BC short chronology timeline 2 Hattusili IIIRock relief of Hattusili IIIKing of the HittitesReignc 1275 1245 BCPredecessorMursili IIISuccessorTudhaliya IVConsortPuduhepaIssueTudhaliya IVMaathorneferureKilus ḪepaFatherMursili IIMotherGassulawiyaReligionHittite religionApology of Hattusili III Contents 1 Early life and family 2 Rise to kingship and reign as king 3 See also 4 References 5 External linksEarly life and family EditMuch of what is known about the childhood of Hattusili III is gathered from a biographical account written on a stone tablet during his reign referred to as the Apology 3 Hattusili III was born the youngest of four children to the Hittite king Mursili II and queen Gassulawiya According to Hattusili III himself he was an ill and sickly child who was initially expected not to survive to adulthood 4 Hattusili III credited the goddess Ishtar with saving his life during this period and would remain an ardent patron of Ishtar indefinitely 3 2 Due to his place as the youngest son Hattusili III did not become king after the death of his father Instead his older brother Muwattalli II ascended the throne Before becoming king Hattusili III married Puduhepa a priestess of Ishtar who later became an important Hittite queen in her own right 5 6 With Puduhepa Hattusili III had three children including his successor Tudhaliya IV Rise to kingship and reign as king EditWhen his brother Muwattalli II became king Hattusili III was appointed to govern over the northern lands of the Hittite empire While this initially caused minor controversy among the locals and the ousted governor Hattusili III was quick to quash dissidence with military force 7 and turned his eyes towards conquering new territories surrounding the northern Hittite lands When the King made the decision to move the capital from Hattusa to Tarhuntassa Hattusili III was left to quash the rebellions that arose due to this decision 2 Subsequently Hattusili III was made King of the northern territories by his brother Muwattalli II 2 Upon the death of Muwattalli II Hattusili III s nephew Urhi Teshub became king There was controversy with this appointment because Urhi Teshub was the son of Muwattalli s concubine not his wife Despite his origins as a second rank son 2 Hattusili III initially supported Urhi Teshub s kingship as it was the wish of Muwatalli II that Urhi Teshub should rule Urhi Teshub ruled under the name Mursili III Shortly after his accession to the throne Mursili III had the capital moved from Tarhuntassa back to its original home of Hattussa This effectively reduced much of Hattusili s power in the region and nullified his role as king of the northern territories 2 Hattusili III was also stripped of all of his territories aside from Hapkis and Nerik This strained the relationship greatly and upon having Nerik stripped of him as well Hattusili III sought to usurp the throne After deposing Mursili III as king Hattusili III exiled him to Syria 2 3 Hattusili III appointed Muwattalli II s other son Kurunta whom he himself had raised to govern Tarhuntassa in a similar capacity that Hattusili III himself had once held 2 As king Hattussili III sought to keep a correspondence with many different kingships in the surrounding areas After his ascension to the throne Hattusili III began a correspondence with Egyptian Pharaoh Ramesses II 8 that culminated in the first ever recorded peace treaty the Eternal Treaty also known as the Treaty of Kadesh This correspondence took place roughly fifteen years after the Battle of Kadesh 2 Hattusili s reign as king is notable for the large collection of letters and written accounts unearthed from this period Over two hundred letters were unearthed at the site of the royal palace in Hattusa These primary sources including The Apology the Talagalawa letter and the Arzawa letters are considered among the very few primary sources available from the Hittite empire of the time See also Edit Asia portalHistory of the HittitesReferences Edit Kuhrt Amelie 2020 The Ancient Near East c 3000 330 BC Volume One Routledge p 230 ISBN 978 1 136 75548 4 a b c d e f g h i Bryce Trevor 1998 The Kingdom of the Hittites Oxford University Press ISBN 978 0 19 924010 4 pp xiii xiv a b c Andrew Knapp 2015 Royal apologetic in the ancient Near East SBL Press ISBN 978 0884140757 OCLC 932049464 British Museum Bryce www thebritishmuseum ac uk Retrieved 2018 05 02 Darga Muhibbe Women in the Historical Ages In Women in Anatolia 9000 Years of the History of the Anatolian Woman Turkish Republic Ministry of Culture Istanbul 1993 page 30 Letter from Ramses II of Egypt to Puduhepa from Women in Anatolia 9000 Years of the History of the Anatolian Woman Turkish Republic Ministry of Culture Istanbul 1993 Gurney O R December 1997 The Annals of Hattusilis III Anatolian Studies 47 127 139 doi 10 2307 3642903 ISSN 2048 0849 JSTOR 3642903 A Hoffner Harry 2009 Letters from the Hittite Kingdom Beckman Gary M Atlanta GA Society of Biblical Literature ISBN 9781589834149 OCLC 587445921 External links EditReign of Hattusili III The Eternal Treaty from the Hittite perspective by Trevor Bryce BMSAES 6 2006 pp 1 11 The Apology of Hattusilis III Hittite text and English translation at UT Austin Linguistics Research CenterRegnal titlesPreceded byMursili III Hittite kingc 1275 1245 BC Succeeded byTudhaliya IVvteHittite New Kingdom royal family treeHimuili a Tudhaliya I II b Nikkalmati c Arnuwanda I c Asmunikal c Hattusili II d Tudhaliya III e Daduhepa f Zida g Tudhaliya the Young h Henti g 1 Suppiluliuma I h 2 Tawananna i Arnuwanda II g Telipinu j Sarri Kusuh k l Zannanza m Gassulawiya n 1 Mursili II g 2 Tanuhepa o Talmi Sarruma p Sahurunuwa k q Muwatalli II o Halpasulupi r Massanauzzi s Hattusili III t Puduhepa u Ini Tesub k v Urhi Tesub o Kurunta w Nerikkaili x numerous daughters y and sons z Tudhaliya IV aa Talmi Tesub k ab Hartapu ac Arnuwanda III ad Suppiluliuma II ad ae Kuzi Tesub af 1 1st spouse 2 2nd spouse Small caps indicates a Great King LUGAL GAL of the Land of Hatti italic small caps indicates a Great Queen or Tawananna Dashed lines indicate adoption Solid lines indicate marriage if horizontal or parentage if vertical References Trevor Bryce 1997 The Kingdom of the Hittites Oxford England Clarendon Press Trevor Bryce 2012 The World of the Neo Hittite Kingdoms Oxford England Oxford University Press Volkert Haas 2006 Die hethitische Literatur Berlin Germany de Gruyter Notes Scholars have suggested that Tudhaliya I II was the son of Himuili and thus a grandson of the Hittite king Huzziya II Bryce 1997 p 131 Bryce 1997 does not consider it clear whether Tudhaliya I II was one king or two p 133 a b c Bryce 1997 p 139 The existence of Hattusili II is doubtful Bryce 1997 pp 153 154 Bryce 1997 p 158 Bryce 1997 p 172 a b c d Bryce 1997 p 174 a b Bryce 1997 p 168 Also known as Malnigal daughter of Burnaburias II of Babylonia Bryce 1997 p 173 Great priest in Kizzuwadna and king lugal of Aleppo Bryce 1997 p 174 a b c d King lugal of Carchemish Bryce 1997 pp 174 203 204 Zannanza died on his way to Egypt to marry a pharaoh s widow probably Ankhesenpaaten the widow of Tutankhamun Bryce 1997 pp 196 198 Bryce 1997 p 227 a b c Bryce 1997 p 230 Bryce 1997 p 220 Bryce 1997 p 222 Haas 2006 p 91 Massanauzzi married Masturi king of the Seha River Land Bryce 1997 p 313 Bryce 1997 p 296 Puduhepa was the daughter of the Kizzuwadnan priest Pentipsarri Bryce 1997 p 273 Bryce 1997 pp 346 363 King lugal of Tarhuntassa Bryce 1997 p 296 apparently later Great King of Hatti Bryce 1997 p 354 Nerikkaili married a daughter of Bentesina king of Amurru Bryce 1997 p 294 Two daughters of Hattusili III were married to the pharaoh Ramesses II one was given the Egyptian name Ma hor nefrure Another Gassuwaliya married into the royal house of Amurru Kilushepa was married to a king of Isuwa A daughter married into the royal family of Babylon A sister of Tudhaliya IV married Sausgamuwa king of Amurru after his father Bentesina From Bryce 1997 pp 294 and 312 Bryce 1997 p 332 Bryce 1997 p 363 Tudhaliya IV probably married a Babylonian princess known by her title of Great Princess dumu sal gal Bryce 1997 pp 294 331 Bryce 1997 p 363 Great King of Tarhuntassa son of Mursili the Great King who is likely identical with Mursili III Urhi Tesub Bryce 2012 p 21 f a b Bryce 1997 p 361 Last documented Great King of the Land of Hatti King and then Great King of Carchemish Bryce 1997 pp 384 385 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Ḫattusili III amp oldid 1118170309, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
