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Structure of the Common Security and Defence Policy

March 01, 2023

Coordinates: 50°50′43″N 4°23′25″E / 50.84528°N 4.39028°E / 50.84528; 4.39028

This article outlines the present structure of the European Union's Common Security and Defence Policy (CSDP), a part of the Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP) based on articles 42–46 of the Treaty on European Union (TEU).[1][2] Article 42.2 of TEU states that the CSDP includes the 'progressive framing' of a common Union defence policy, and will lead to a common defence, when the European Council of national heads of state or government, acting unanimously, so decides.

The CSDP involves military or civilian missions being deployed to preserve peace, prevent conflict and strengthen international security in accordance with the principles of the United Nations Charter. Military missions are carried out by EU forces established with contributions from the member states' armed forces. The CSDP also entails collective self-defence amongst member states[a] as well as a Permanent Structured Cooperation (PESCO) in which 25 of the 28 national armed forces pursue structural integration. The CSDP structure, headed by the Union's High Representative (HR/VP), Josep Borrell Fontelles, comprises:

The EU does not have a permanent military command structure along the lines of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization's (NATO) Allied Command Operations (ACO), although it has been agreed that ACO resources may be used for the conduct of the EU's CSDP missions. The MPCC, established in 2017 and to be strengthened in 2020, does however represent the EU's first step in developing a permanent military headquarters. In parallel, the newly established European Defence Fund (EDF) marks the first time the EU budget is used to finance multinational defence projects. The CSDP structure is sometimes referred to as the European Defence Union (EDU), especially in relation to its prospective development as the EU's defence arm.[3][4][5][b]

Decisions relating to the CSDP are proposed by the HR/VP, adopted by the FAC, generally requiring unanimity, and then implemented by the HR/VP.

Deployment procedure

Military operations may be launched after four planning phases, through which the Operation Commander (Op. Cdr.), Military Staff (EUMS), Military Committee (EUMC), Political and Security Committee (PSC) and Council have different roles:[6]

I: Political Framework for Crisis Approach (PFCA)
II: Crisis Management Concept (CMC)
III: Military Strategic Options (MSO, unless within CMC) and Initiating Military Directive (IMD)
IV: Concept of Operations (CONOPS), Operations Plan (OPLAN) and Rules of Engagement (ROE)

Overview

Further information: Command and control structure of the European Union

All military or civilian missions of the European Union (EU), as part of its Common Security and Defence Policy (CSDP), are planned and conducted by an operation headquarters (OHQ).

All civilian missions are directed by the Civilian Planning and Conduct Capability (CPCC), a directorate of the External Action Service (EEAS) in Brussels, Belgium.

For each military mission an OHQ is chosen. The EU does not have a permanent military command structure along the lines of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization's (NATO) Allied Command Operations (ACO), although it has been agreed that ACO resources may be used for the conduct of the EU's CSDP missions. The Military Planning and Conduct Capability (MPCC), established in 2017 and to be strengthened in 2020, does however represent the EU's first step in developing a permanent operational headquarters (OHQ).

The EU command and control (C2) structure is directed by political bodies composed of member states' representatives, and generally requires unanimous decisions. As of April 2019:[7]

Liaison:       Advice and recommendations       Support and monitoring       Preparatory work     
Political strategic level:[5]
ISSEUCO Pres. (EUCO)Chain of command
Coordination/support
SatCenCIVCOMHR/VP (FAC)
INTCENHR/VP (PMG)HR/VP (PSC)[6]   
    
CEUMC (EUMC)
CMPD 
   
DGEUMS[3] (EUMS)
Military/civilian strategic level:
 
   
Dir MPCC[3] (MPCC)		JSCCCiv OpCdr CPCC[1]
Operational level:
MFCdr[4] (MFHQ)HoM[1]
Tactical level:
CC[2] LandCC[2] AirCC[2] MarOther CCs[2]
ForcesForcesForcesForces


1 In the event of a CSDP Civilian Mission also being in the field, the relations with the Civilian Planning and Conduct Capability (CPCC) and its Civilian Operation Commander (Civ OpCdr), as well as the subordinate Head of Mission (HoM), are coordinated as shown.
2 Other Component Commanders (CCs) and service branches which may be established.
3 The MPCC is part of the EUMS and Dir MPCC is double-hatted as DGEUMS. Unless the MPCC is used as Operation Headquarters (OHQ), either a national OHQ offered by member states or the NATO Command Structure (NCS) would serve this purpose. In the latter instance, Deputy Supreme Allied Commander Europe (DSACEUR), rather than Dir MPCC, would serve as Operation Commander (OpCdr).
4 Unless the MPCC is used as Operation Headquarters (OHQ), the MFCdr would be known as a Force Commander (FCdr), and direct a Force Headquarters (FHQ) rather than a MFHQ. Whereas the MFHQ would act both on the operational and tactical level, the FHQ would act purely on the operational level.
5 The political strategic level is not part of the C2 structure per se, but represents the political bodies, with associated support facilities, that determine the missions' general direction. The Council determines the role of the High Representative (HR/VP), who serves as Vice-President of the European Commission, attends European Council meetings, chairs the Foreign Affairs Council (FAC) and may chair the Political and Security Committee (PSC) in times of crisis. The HR/VP proposes and implements CSDP decisions.
6 Same composition as Committee of Permanent Representatives (COREPER) II, which also prepares for the CSDP-related work of the FAC.

Bodies and political leadership

High Representative

Main article: High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy

The High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy, commonly referred to as the High Representative (HR/VP), is the chief co-ordinator and representative of the EU's Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP), including the CSDP. The position is currently held by Josep Borrell.

Where foreign matters is agreed between EU member states, the High Representative can speak for the EU in that area, such as negotiating on behalf of the member states.

Beside representing the EU at international fora and co-ordinating the CFSP and the CSDP, the HR/VP is:

European Commission

External Action Service

Main article: European External Action Service

The European External Action Service (EEAS) is the diplomatic service and foreign and defence ministry of the EU. The EEAS is led by the HR/VP and seated in Brussels.

The EEAS does not propose or implement policy in its own name, but prepares acts to be adopted by the HR/VP, the European Commission or the Council.[8] The EEAS is also in charge of EU diplomatic missions (delegations)[9] and intelligence and crisis management structures.[10][11][12]

The following EEAS bodies take part in managing the CSDP:

The relationship between the High Representative, the Military Staff and Military Committee as of November 2017:[18] Colour key:
  High Representative (a Vice-President of the Commission)
    Military Committee (EUMC; a Council body)
    Military Staff (EUMS; a Directorate-General of the External Action Service)

High Representative
 
Chairman EUMC
    
Working Group
 
 
Working Group/Headline Goal Task Force		Director General EUMS/
Director MPCC
   
Legal advisorDeputy Director General
  		Horizontal Coordination
Assistant Chief of Staff for SynchronisationEU cell at SHAPEEU Liaison at the UN in NYAssistant Chief of Staff for External RelationsNATO Permanent Liaison Team
Concepts & Capabilities
Directorate
 		Intelligence
Directorate
 		Operations
Directorate
 		Logistics
Directorate
 		Communications & Information Systems
Directorate
 		Military Planning and
Conduct Capability (MPCC)
Chief of Staff
 
Working Group
Current Operations


Council

 
General Graziano has served as Chairman of the Military Committee since 2018

The Council of the European Union has the following, Brussels-based preparatory bodies in the field of CSDP:

Agencies

class=notpageimage|
Location of decentralised CSDP agencies in addition to the Brussels-based External Action Service (EEAS), Defence Agency (EDA) and Council

The following agencies relate to the CSDP:

  • The Defence Agency (EDA), based in Brussels, facilitates the improvement of national military capabilities and integration. In that capacity, it makes proposals, coordinates, stimulates collaboration, and runs projects.
  • The Border and Coast Guard Agency (Frontex), based in Warsaw, Poland, leads the European coast guard that controls the borders of the Schengen Area.
  • The Institute for Security Studies (ISS), based in Paris, is an autonomous think tank that researches EU-relevant security issues. The research results are published in papers, books, reports, policy briefs, analyses and newsletters. In addition, the institute convenes seminars and conferences on relevant issues that bring together EU officials, national experts, decision-makers and NGO representatives from all Member States.
  • The Satellite Centre (SatCen), located in Torrejón de Ardoz, Spain, supports the decision-making by providing products and services resulting from the exploitation of relevant space assets and collateral data, including satellite and aerial imagery, and related services.

Permanent structured cooperation

Main article: Permanent Structured Cooperation

The Permanent Structured Cooperation (PESCO) is the framework in which 25 of the 28 national armed forces pursue structural integration. Based on Article 42.6 and Protocol 10 of the Treaty on European Union, introduced by the Treaty of Lisbon in 2009, PESCO was first initiated in 2017.[24] The initial integration within the PESCO format is a number of projects planned to launch in 2018.[25]

PESCO is similar to enhanced co-operation in other policy areas, in the sense that integration does not require that all EU member states participate.

Funding of missions

Main article: European Peace Facility

Defence industry coordination and research funding

Main article: European Defence Fund

The European Defence Fund is an EU-managed fund for coordinating and increasing national investment in defence research and improve interoperability between national forces. It was proposed in 2016 by President Jean-Claude Juncker and established in 2017 to a value of €5.5 billion per year. The fund has two stands; research (€90 million until the end of 2019 and €500 million per year after 2020) and development & acquisition (€500 million in total for 2019–20 then €1 billion per year after 2020).[26]

Together with the Coordinated Annual Review on Defence and Permanent Structured Cooperation it forms a new comprehensive defence package for the EU.[27]

EU-developed infrastructure for military use includes:

See also

Notes

  1. ^ The responsibility of collective selv-defence within the CSDP is based on Article 42.7 of TEU, which states that this responsibility does not prejudice the specific character of the security and defence policy of certain member states, referring to policies of nautrality. See Neutral country§European Union for discussion on this subject.According to the Article 42.7 "If a Member State is the victim of armed aggression on its territory, the other Member States shall have towards it an obligation of aid and assistance by all the means in their power, in accordance with Article 51 of the United Nations Charter. This shall not prejudice the specific character of the security and defence policy of certain Member States." Article 42.2 furthermore specifies that NATO shall be the main forum for the implementation of collective self-defence for EU member states that are also NATO members.
  2. ^ Akin to the EU’s banking union, economic and monetary union and customs union.

References

  1. ^ . EU. Archived from the original on 15 May 2011.
  2. ^ Article 42, Treaty on European Union
  3. ^ "Texts adopted - Tuesday, 22 November 2016 - European Defence Union - P8_TA(2016)0435". www.europarl.europa.eu.
  4. ^ "European Commission - PRESS RELEASES - Press release - European Commission welcomes first operational steps towards a European Defence Union *". europa.eu.
  5. ^ . Archived from the original on 2017-12-25. Retrieved 2019-09-18.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  6. ^ "The EU Military Staff: A frog in boiling water?". 2017-08-10.
  7. ^ EU Command and Control, p. 13, Military Staff
  8. ^ Gatti, Mauro (2016). European External Action Service : Promoting Coherence through Autonomy and Coordination. Leiden: Brill. p. 148. ISBN 9789004323612. OCLC 951833456.
  9. ^ Art. 5 of COUNCIL DECISION establishing the organisation and functioning of the European External Action Service PDF, Council of the European Union, 20 July 2010
  10. ^ "The Crisis Management and Planning Directorate (CMPD)".
  11. ^ "The Civilian Planning and Conduct Capability (CPCC)".
  12. ^ "The European Union Military Staff (EUMS)".
  13. ^ "EU military HQ to take charge of Africa missions".
  14. ^ "EU defence cooperation: Council establishes a Military Planning and Conduct Capability (MPCC) - Consilium". www.consilium.europa.eu.
  15. ^ "Permanent Structured Cooperation: An Institutional Pathway for European Defence « CSS Blog Network". isnblog.ethz.ch.
  16. ^ SCADPlus: European Security and Defence College (ESDC) 3 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine, Retrieved on 4 March 2008
  17. ^ Sylvain, Paile (1 September 2011). "Europe for the Future Officers, Officers for the Future Europe - Compendium of the European Military Officers Basic Education". hdl:2268/100625. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  18. ^ https://eeas.europa.eu/sites/eeas/files/impetus_24_dp_final_1.pdf
  19. ^ France-Diplomatie: The main bodies specific to the CFSP: The Political and Security Committee, accessed on 21 April 2008
  20. ^ "European Commission - PRESS RELEASES - Press release - High Representative Catherine Ashton appoints new Chair of the Political and Security Committee, a new Head of Delegation/EU Special Representative to Afghanistan, and new Heads of Delegation to Mauritania and Sierra Leone". europa.eu.
  21. ^ The Council of the European Union: ESDP Structures 2008-12-23 at the Wayback Machine, accessed on 21 April 2008
  22. ^ "Preparatory document related to CESDP: Establishment of a European Union committee for civilian crisis management (Press Release: Brussels 10/3/2000)" (PDF).
  23. ^ "Politico-Military Group (PMG) - Consilium". www.consilium.europa.eu.
  24. ^ Permanent Structured Cooperation (PESCO) - Factsheet, European External Action Service
  25. ^ http://www.consilium.europa.eu/media/32079/pesco-overview-of-first-collaborative-of-projects-for-press.pdf[bare URL PDF]
  26. ^ "European Commission - PRESS RELEASES - Press release - A European Defence Fund: €5.5 billion per year to boost Europe's defence capabilities". europa.eu.
  27. ^ Permanent Structured Cooperation (PESCO) – Factsheet, European External Action Service

Further reading

March 01, 2023
structure, common, security, defence, policy, coordinates, 84528, 39028, 84528, 39028, this, article, outlines, present, structure, european, union, common, security, defence, policy, csdp, part, common, foreign, security, policy, cfsp, based, articles, treaty. Coordinates 50 50 43 N 4 23 25 E 50 84528 N 4 39028 E 50 84528 4 39028 This article outlines the present structure of the European Union s Common Security and Defence Policy CSDP a part of the Common Foreign and Security Policy CFSP based on articles 42 46 of the Treaty on European Union TEU 1 2 Article 42 2 of TEU states that the CSDP includes the progressive framing of a common Union defence policy and will lead to a common defence when the European Council of national heads of state or government acting unanimously so decides The CSDP involves military or civilian missions being deployed to preserve peace prevent conflict and strengthen international security in accordance with the principles of the United Nations Charter Military missions are carried out by EU forces established with contributions from the member states armed forces The CSDP also entails collective self defence amongst member states a as well as a Permanent Structured Cooperation PESCO in which 25 of the 28 national armed forces pursue structural integration The CSDP structure headed by the Union s High Representative HR VP Josep Borrell Fontelles comprises the Defence Industry Directorate General of the European Commission relevant sections of the External Action Service EEAS including the Military Staff EUMS with its so called Military Planning and Conduct Capability MPCC a number of Foreign Affairs Council FAC preparatory bodies such as the Military Committee EUMC four agencies including the Defence Agency EDA The EU does not have a permanent military command structure along the lines of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization s NATO Allied Command Operations ACO although it has been agreed that ACO resources may be used for the conduct of the EU s CSDP missions The MPCC established in 2017 and to be strengthened in 2020 does however represent the EU s first step in developing a permanent military headquarters In parallel the newly established European Defence Fund EDF marks the first time the EU budget is used to finance multinational defence projects The CSDP structure is sometimes referred to as the European Defence Union EDU especially in relation to its prospective development as the EU s defence arm 3 4 5 b Decisions relating to the CSDP are proposed by the HR VP adopted by the FAC generally requiring unanimity and then implemented by the HR VP Contents 1 Deployment procedure 2 Overview 3 Bodies and political leadership 3 1 High Representative 3 2 European Commission 3 3 External Action Service 3 4 Council 3 5 Agencies 4 Permanent structured cooperation 5 Funding of missions 6 Defence industry coordination and research funding 7 See also 8 Notes 9 References 10 Further readingDeployment procedure EditMilitary operations may be launched after four planning phases through which the Operation Commander Op Cdr Military Staff EUMS Military Committee EUMC Political and Security Committee PSC and Council have different roles 6 I Political Framework for Crisis Approach PFCA II Crisis Management Concept CMC III Military Strategic Options MSO unless within CMC and Initiating Military Directive IMD IV Concept of Operations CONOPS Operations Plan OPLAN and Rules of Engagement ROE Overview EditFurther information Command and control structure of the European Union All military or civilian missions of the European Union EU as part of its Common Security and Defence Policy CSDP are planned and conducted by an operation headquarters OHQ All civilian missions are directed by the Civilian Planning and Conduct Capability CPCC a directorate of the External Action Service EEAS in Brussels Belgium For each military mission an OHQ is chosen The EU does not have a permanent military command structure along the lines of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization s NATO Allied Command Operations ACO although it has been agreed that ACO resources may be used for the conduct of the EU s CSDP missions The Military Planning and Conduct Capability MPCC established in 2017 and to be strengthened in 2020 does however represent the EU s first step in developing a permanent operational headquarters OHQ The EU command and control C2 structure is directed by political bodies composed of member states representatives and generally requires unanimous decisions As of April 2019 7 Liaison Advice and recommendations Support and monitoring Preparatory work vtePolitical strategic level 5 ISSEUCO Pres EUCO Chain of commandCoordination supportSatCenCIVCOMHR VP FAC INTCENHR VP PMG HR VP PSC 6 CEUMC EUMC CMPD DGEUMS 3 EUMS Military civilian strategic level Dir MPCC 3 MPCC JSCCCiv OpCdr CPCC 1 Operational level MFCdr 4 MFHQ HoM 1 Tactical level CC 2 LandCC 2 AirCC 2 MarOther CCs 2 ForcesForcesForcesForces 1 In the event of a CSDP Civilian Mission also being in the field the relations with the Civilian Planning and Conduct Capability CPCC and its Civilian Operation Commander Civ OpCdr as well as the subordinate Head of Mission HoM are coordinated as shown 2 Other Component Commanders CCs and service branches which may be established 3 The MPCC is part of the EUMS and Dir MPCC is double hatted as DGEUMS Unless the MPCC is used as Operation Headquarters OHQ either a national OHQ offered by member states or the NATO Command Structure NCS would serve this purpose In the latter instance Deputy Supreme Allied Commander Europe DSACEUR rather than Dir MPCC would serve as Operation Commander OpCdr 4 Unless the MPCC is used as Operation Headquarters OHQ the MFCdr would be known as a Force Commander FCdr and direct a Force Headquarters FHQ rather than a MFHQ Whereas the MFHQ would act both on the operational and tactical level the FHQ would act purely on the operational level 5 The political strategic level is not part of the C2 structure per se but represents the political bodies with associated support facilities that determine the missions general direction The Council determines the role of the High Representative HR VP who serves as Vice President of the European Commission attends European Council meetings chairs the Foreign Affairs Council FAC and may chair the Political and Security Committee PSC in times of crisis The HR VP proposes and implements CSDP decisions 6 Same composition as Committee of Permanent Representatives COREPER II which also prepares for the CSDP related work of the FAC Bodies and political leadership EditHigh Representative Edit Main article High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy High Representative Josep Borrell The High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy commonly referred to as the High Representative HR VP is the chief co ordinator and representative of the EU s Common Foreign and Security Policy CFSP including the CSDP The position is currently held by Josep Borrell Where foreign matters is agreed between EU member states the High Representative can speak for the EU in that area such as negotiating on behalf of the member states Beside representing the EU at international fora and co ordinating the CFSP and the CSDP the HR VP is ex officio Vice President of the European Commission participant in the meetings of the European Council responsible of the European Union Special Representatives head of the External Action Service and the delegations President of the Foreign Affairs Council Head of the European Defence Agency Chairperson of the board of the European Union Institute for Security StudiesEuropean Commission Edit Directorate General for Defence Industry and Space established in 2019External Action Service Edit Main article European External Action Service Military Staff Director General Pulkkinen The European External Action Service EEAS is the diplomatic service and foreign and defence ministry of the EU The EEAS is led by the HR VP and seated in Brussels The EEAS does not propose or implement policy in its own name but prepares acts to be adopted by the HR VP the European Commission or the Council 8 The EEAS is also in charge of EU diplomatic missions delegations 9 and intelligence and crisis management structures 10 11 12 The following EEAS bodies take part in managing the CSDP The Military Staff EUMS is an EEAS Directorate General that provides strategic advice to the HR VP and commands military operations through its Military Planning and Conduct Capability MPCC operational headquarters 13 14 The EUMS also reports to the European Union Military Committee EUMC representing member states Chiefs of Defence and performs early warning situation assessment and strategic planning The EUMS currently consists of 200 military and civilian personnel The EUMS and the European Defence Agency EDA together form the Secretariat of the Permanent Structured Cooperation PESCO the structural integration pursued by 25 of the 28 national armed forces of the EU since 2017 15 The Intelligence and Situation Centre EU INTCEN The Security and Defence College ESDC is a virtual institution for strategic level training The ESDC consists of a network of various national institutions such as defence colleges and the European Union Institute for Security Studies 16 The ESDC initiated the European initiative for the exchange of young officers inspired by Erasmus often referred to as military Erasmus exchanging between armed forces of future military officers as well as their teachers and instructors during their initial education 17 and training Due to the fact that the initiative is implemented by the Member States on a purely voluntary basis their autonomy with regard to military training is not compromised The Crisis Management and Planning Directorate CMPD The Civilian Planning and Conduct Capability CPCC The Joint Support Coordination Cell JSCC The relationship between the High Representative the Military Staff and Military Committee as of November 2017 18 Colour key High Representative a Vice President of the Commission Military Committee EUMC a Council body Military Staff EUMS a Directorate General of the External Action Service High Representative Chairman EUMC Working Group Working Group Headline Goal Task ForceDirector General EUMS Director MPCC Legal advisorDeputy Director General Horizontal CoordinationAssistant Chief of Staff for SynchronisationEU cell at SHAPEEU Liaison at the UN in NYAssistant Chief of Staff for External RelationsNATO Permanent Liaison TeamConcepts amp CapabilitiesDirectorate IntelligenceDirectorate OperationsDirectorate LogisticsDirectorate Communications amp Information SystemsDirectorate Military Planning andConduct Capability MPCC Chief of Staff Working GroupCurrent Operations Council Edit General Graziano has served as Chairman of the Military Committee since 2018 The Council of the European Union has the following Brussels based preparatory bodies in the field of CSDP The Political and Security Committee PSC consists of ambassadorial level representatives from the EU member states and usually meets twice per week 19 The PSC is chaired by the External Action Service Ambassador Walter Stevens has been the PSC permanent chair since June 2013 20 The main functions of the PSC are keeping track of the international situation and helping to define EU policies within the CFSP and CSDP 21 PSC sends guidance to and receives advice from the European Union Military Committee EUMC the Committee for Civilian Aspects of Crisis Management CIVCOM as well as the European Union Institute for Security Studies It is also a forum for dialogue on CSDP matters between the EU Member States PSC also drafts opinions for the Foreign Affairs Council which is one of the configurations of the Council of the European Union CFSP matters are passed to the Foreign Affairs Council via COREPER II The European Union Military Committee EUMC is composed of member states Chiefs of Defence CHOD These national CHODs are regularly represented in the EUMC in Brussels by their permanent Military Representatives MilRep who often are two or three star flag officers The EUMC is under the under authority of the EU s High Representative HR and the Political and Security Committee PSC The EUMC gives military advice to the EU s High Representative HR and Political and Security Committee PSC The EUMC also oversees the European Union Military Staff EUMS The Committee for Civilian Aspects of Crisis Management CIVCOM is an advisory body dealing with civilian aspects of crisis management The activities of CIVCOM therefore forms part of the Common Foreign and Security Policy CFSP of EU and the civilian side of the Common Security and Defence Policy CSDP CIVCOM is composed of representatives of the EU member states The activities of CIVCOM for civilian CSDP tasks occur in parallel to the European Union Military Committee EUMC for military CDP tasks Both EUMC and CIVCOM receive directions from and report to the Political and Security Committee PSC The decision to establish CIVCOM was taken in 2000 by the Council of the European Union 22 The Politico Military Group PMG carries out preparatory work for the Political and Security Committee PSC It covers the political aspects of EU military and civil military issues including concepts capabilities and operations and missions 23 The tasks of the PMG include 1 preparing Council conclusions and provides recommendations for the PSC and monitoring their effective implementation 2 contributing to the development of horizontal policy and facilitating information exchanges The PMG has a particular responsibility regarding partnerships with non EU countries and other organisations including EU NATO relations as well as exercises The PMG is chaired by a representative of the HR VP Agencies Edit EEAS EDA Council Commission ISS SatCen EBCGclass notpageimage Location of decentralised CSDP agencies in addition to the Brussels based External Action Service EEAS Defence Agency EDA and Council The following agencies relate to the CSDP The Defence Agency EDA based in Brussels facilitates the improvement of national military capabilities and integration In that capacity it makes proposals coordinates stimulates collaboration and runs projects The Border and Coast Guard Agency Frontex based in Warsaw Poland leads the European coast guard that controls the borders of the Schengen Area The Institute for Security Studies ISS based in Paris is an autonomous think tank that researches EU relevant security issues The research results are published in papers books reports policy briefs analyses and newsletters In addition the institute convenes seminars and conferences on relevant issues that bring together EU officials national experts decision makers and NGO representatives from all Member States The Satellite Centre SatCen located in Torrejon de Ardoz Spain supports the decision making by providing products and services resulting from the exploitation of relevant space assets and collateral data including satellite and aerial imagery and related services Permanent structured cooperation EditMain article Permanent Structured Cooperation The Permanent Structured Cooperation PESCO is the framework in which 25 of the 28 national armed forces pursue structural integration Based on Article 42 6 and Protocol 10 of the Treaty on European Union introduced by the Treaty of Lisbon in 2009 PESCO was first initiated in 2017 24 The initial integration within the PESCO format is a number of projects planned to launch in 2018 25 PESCO is similar to enhanced co operation in other policy areas in the sense that integration does not require that all EU member states participate Funding of missions EditMain article European Peace FacilityDefence industry coordination and research funding EditMain article European Defence Fund The European Defence Fund is an EU managed fund for coordinating and increasing national investment in defence research and improve interoperability between national forces It was proposed in 2016 by President Jean Claude Juncker and established in 2017 to a value of 5 5 billion per year The fund has two stands research 90 million until the end of 2019 and 500 million per year after 2020 and development amp acquisition 500 million in total for 2019 20 then 1 billion per year after 2020 26 Together with the Coordinated Annual Review on Defence and Permanent Structured Cooperation it forms a new comprehensive defence package for the EU 27 EU developed infrastructure for military use includes European Secure Software defined Radio Galileo satellite navigation See also EditStructure of NATONotes Edit The responsibility of collective selv defence within the CSDP is based on Article 42 7 of TEU which states that this responsibility does not prejudice the specific character of the security and defence policy of certain member states referring to policies of nautrality See Neutral country European Union for discussion on this subject According to the Article 42 7 If a Member State is the victim of armed aggression on its territory the other Member States shall have towards it an obligation of aid and assistance by all the means in their power in accordance with Article 51 of the United Nations Charter This shall not prejudice the specific character of the security and defence policy of certain Member States Article 42 2 furthermore specifies that NATO shall be the main forum for the implementation of collective self defence for EU member states that are also NATO members Akin to the EU s banking union economic and monetary union and customs union References Edit Treaty of Lisbon EU Archived from the original on 15 May 2011 Article 42 Treaty on European Union Texts adopted Tuesday 22 November 2016 European Defence Union P8 TA 2016 0435 www europarl europa eu European Commission PRESS RELEASES Press release European Commission welcomes first operational steps towards a European Defence Union europa eu Archived copy Archived from the original on 2017 12 25 Retrieved 2019 09 18 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint archived copy as title link The EU Military Staff A frog in boiling water 2017 08 10 EU Command and Control p 13 Military Staff Gatti Mauro 2016 European External Action Service Promoting Coherence through Autonomy and Coordination Leiden Brill p 148 ISBN 9789004323612 OCLC 951833456 Art 5 of COUNCIL DECISION establishing the organisation and functioning of the European External Action Service PDF Council of the European Union 20 July 2010 The Crisis Management and Planning Directorate CMPD The Civilian Planning and Conduct Capability CPCC The European Union Military Staff EUMS EU military HQ to take charge of Africa missions EU defence cooperation Council establishes a Military Planning and Conduct Capability MPCC Consilium www consilium europa eu Permanent Structured Cooperation An Institutional Pathway for European Defence CSS Blog Network isnblog ethz ch SCADPlus European Security and Defence College ESDC Archived 3 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved on 4 March 2008 Sylvain Paile 1 September 2011 Europe for the Future Officers Officers for the Future Europe Compendium of the European Military Officers Basic Education hdl 2268 100625 a href Template Cite journal html title Template Cite journal cite journal a Cite journal requires journal help https eeas europa eu sites eeas files impetus 24 dp final 1 pdf France Diplomatie The main bodies specific to the CFSP The Political and Security Committee accessed on 21 April 2008 European Commission PRESS RELEASES Press release High Representative Catherine Ashton appoints new Chair of the Political and Security Committee a new Head of Delegation EU Special Representative to Afghanistan and new Heads of Delegation to Mauritania and Sierra Leone europa eu The Council of the European Union ESDP Structures Archived 2008 12 23 at the Wayback Machine accessed on 21 April 2008 Preparatory document related to CESDP Establishment of a European Union committee for civilian crisis management Press Release Brussels 10 3 2000 PDF Politico Military Group PMG Consilium www consilium europa eu Permanent Structured Cooperation PESCO Factsheet European External Action Service http www consilium europa eu media 32079 pesco overview of first collaborative of projects for press pdf bare URL PDF European Commission PRESS RELEASES Press release A European Defence Fund 5 5 billion per year to boost Europe s defence capabilities europa eu Permanent Structured Cooperation PESCO Factsheet European External Action ServiceFurther reading EditEuropean Defence 2019 European Court of Auditors Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Structure of the Common Security and Defence Policy amp oldid 1108732690, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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