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Sovereignty Restoration Day

March 10, 2023

Sovereignty Restoration Day (Hawaiian: Lā Hoʻihoʻi Ea) is a national holiday of the former Hawaiian Kingdom celebrated on July 31 and still commemorated by Native Hawaiians in the state of Hawaii. It honors the restoration of sovereignty to the kingdom, following the occupation of Hawaiʻi by Great Britain during the 1843 Paulet Affair, by British Rear-Admiral Richard Darton Thomas and when King Kamehameha III uttered the phrase: Ua Mau ke Ea o ka ʻĀina i ka Pono ("The life of the land is preserved in the righteousness of the people").

Sovereignty Restoration Day
Kamehameha III, King of the Hawaiian Islands from 1825 to 1854
Official nameLā Hoʻihoʻi Ea
Also calledHawaiian Restoration Day
Observed byHawaii
SignificanceRestoration of the sovereignty of Hawaiian Kingdom following British occupation during the Paulet Affair (1843)
DateJuly 31
Next timeJuly 31, 2023 (2023-07-31)
Frequencyannual
First time1843
Related toHawaiian Independence Day

During the monarchy, the holiday was observed annually by the native and foreign communities in Hawaii. King Kamehameha V, who deemed the holiday inappropriate, officially dropped it as a national holiday in 1867 and replaced with Kamehameha Day (on June 11). It was briefly revived as a national holiday from 1891 until the overthrow of the Hawaiian Kingdom in 1893. During the ensuing years of the 1890s, the holiday continued to be observed privately by loyalists of the monarchy as a form of opposition and resistance. It is still celebrated by proponents of the Hawaiian sovereignty movement as a day of resistance against what sovereignty advocates consider an ongoing American occupation of Hawaiʻi. In 2022, the day was recognized by the State of Hawaii as a special day of remembrance.

Background

Main article: Paulet Affair (1843)

On February 10, 1843, Captain Lord George Paulet, of HMS Carysfort landed in Honolulu in response to the complaints by the British Consul in Honolulu Richard Charlton, who had an underlying land dispute with the Hawaiian government, and claimed British subjects were being denied their legal rights. Paulet, without the authorization of his superiors, unilaterally occupied the kingdom in the name of Queen Victoria on February 25 despite the protests of Hawaiian King Kamehameha III and his ministers. The Hawaiian king ceded his sovereignty under protest to the British government. Paulet placed himself and a committee in charge, restricted trade in the ports, destroyed all Hawaiian flags that could be found, and raised the British Union Jack in their place.[1][2]

After a five-month occupation, Rear-Admiral Richard Darton Thomas, the Commander-in-Chief of the Pacific Station, sailed into Honolulu on his flagship HMS Dublin on July 26, 1843, and requested an interview with the king. Kamehameha III was more than happy to tell his side of the story, and a new treaty was negotiated with the British giving British subjects on the islands "perfect equality with the most favored foreigners".[3]

On July 31, 1843, Thomas raised the Hawaiian flag in place of the Union Jack at the plains east of Honolulu (now part of downtown Honolulu), formally ending the occupation, and gave a speech affirming the independence and sovereignty of the Hawaiian kingdom and the friendship of the British government.[3] The site of the ceremony was later made into a park in honor of the event and named Thomas Square.[4]

Official observation

 
The King's Summer House (1853), lithograph by Paul Emmert. This was the site of the 1847 grand luau attended by ten thousand guests.

Following the restoration of sovereignty at Thomas Square, King Kamehameha III held an afternoon thanksgiving service at Kawaiahaʻo Church where he uttered the phrase: Ua Mau ke Ea o ka ʻĀina i ka Pono ("The life of the land is preserved in the righteousness of the people"). This phrase was adopted in 1959 as the motto of the state of Hawaii.[5][3] The king declared a ten-day holiday and the entire community including foreigners and native Hawaiians rejoiced in festivities with a lavish luau of suckling pig, fish and poi. The event was later made into an annual holiday and was observed by his successor King Kamehameha IV (1855–1864).[6][7] During the fourth anniversary of the restoration in 1847, King Kamehameha III and his wife Queen Kalama hosted a grand luau at their summer palace, Kaniakapupu, attended by an estimated ten thousand guests.[8][9]

During the latter part of the reign of King Kamehameha V (1864–1872) the celebration was deemed inappropriate by the king and his ministers since it brought back unpleasant memories of the British occupation by Paulet, and the official holiday was discontinued. The holiday was still being officially sanctioned in 1865 and 1866.[10][11] No public celebration was held in 1867, and it ceased to be officially observed.[12][13][14] There are also later assertions that the holiday was dropped "to suit the delicate feelings of a few Englishmen who did not like the memory of these events revived".[15] However, the anniversary was still remembered by people in private.[6][16][17] In 1872, the king replaced the holiday with Kamehameha Day (on June 11) to honor his grandfather Kamehameha I who had conquered and united the Hawaiian Islands in 1810. This is the only holiday from the time of the Hawaiian monarchy that remains an official holiday of the state of Hawaii.[18][19]

The 1890 session of the Hawaiian legislature briefly restored the date as a national holiday effective July 31, 1891, during the reign of Queen Liliuokalani.[20] In 1893, the Hawaiian monarchy was overthrown and the queen yielded her authority to the United States government under protest. The Provisional Government of Hawaii, which was established as an interim regime while a treaty of annexation was being pushed through the United States Congress, abolished the holiday. Private observance of the fiftieth anniversary on July 31, 1893, was watched by the oligarchical government with an air of suspicion, while royalists and supporters of the deposed queen hoped in vain for another restoration to occur.[21] After 1893, the holiday continued to be observed privately by loyalists of the monarchy as a form of opposition and resistance.[22][23][24] By the time the Territory of Hawaii was organized in 1898 the holiday had become a historical footnote.[25][26]

Modern-day observation

 
The inverted Hawaiian flag represents the Hawaiian Kingdom in distress and is the main symbol of the Hawaiian sovereignty movement.

The tradition of this celebration was revived in 1985 by Hawaiian sovereignty movement activist Kekuni Blaisdell during the Hawaiian Renaissance.[25] Today, the holiday is upheld by proponents of the Hawaiian sovereignty movement who compare the British occupation of 1843 to what they believe is the ongoing modern American occupation of the islands and believe the United States government should "follow the example of the British to restore the Hawaiian nation".[27][28][29] In Honolulu, the holiday is marked by the celebration of Hawaiian culture, history and activism through organized speeches, presentations, marches, hula performances, music rallies and flag-raising. On the other islands, sovereignty groups organize historical reenactments, rallies, and the ceremonial raising of the Hawaiian flag in place of the American flag.[27][28]

On July 31, 2018, a 12-foot bronze statue of Kamehameha III and a flagpole flying the Hawaiian flag was unveiled at Thomas Square in a ceremony honoring the 175th anniversary of the restoration of Hawaiian sovereignty in 1843. The statue was created by Oregon artist Thomas Jay Warren for $250,000 allotted by the Mayor's Office of Culture and the Arts and is part of Mayor Kirk Caldwell's plans to revamp the park.[30][31][32] Thomas Square is one of four sites in Hawaii where the Hawaiian flag is allowed to fly alone without the United States flag. The others are the Royal Mausoleum at Mauna ʻAla, ʻIolani Palace and Puʻuhonua o Hōnaunau.[32][33]

In 2022, the State of Hawaii passed a legislative bill officially recognizing Lā Hoʻihoʻi Ea as a special day of observance.[34]

References

  1. ^ Kuykendall 1965, pp. 208–230.
  2. ^ Thrum 1892, pp. 45–70.
  3. ^ a b c Kuykendall 1965, pp. 219–221.
  4. ^ Riconda 1972.
  5. ^ Hoʻokahua Staff 2014.
  6. ^ a b Thrum 1909, p. 114.
  7. ^ Gilman 1892, pp. 70–77.
  8. ^ Thrum 1929, pp. 101–106.
  9. ^ Pacific Worlds 2003.
  10. ^ "Restoration Day". The Pacific Commercial Advertiser. Honolulu. August 5, 1865. p. 2.
  11. ^ "Notes of the Week – July 31st, 1866". The Pacific Commercial Advertiser. Honolulu. August 4, 1866. p. 3.
  12. ^ "Notes of the Week – July 31st". The Pacific Commercial Advertiser. Honolulu. July 27, 1867. p. 3.
  13. ^ "The Thirty-First of July". The Pacific Commercial Advertiser. Honolulu. August 3, 1867. p. 3.
  14. ^ "Legislative Jottings". The Pacific Commercial Advertiser. Honolulu. June 11, 1870. p. 2. from the original on October 30, 2016. Retrieved May 30, 2017.
  15. ^ "Hawaiian National Holidays". Saturday Press. Honolulu. December 1, 1883. p. 2.
  16. ^ Schmitt 1995, pp. 141–146.
  17. ^ "Notes of the Week – Thirty-First of July". The Pacific Commercial Advertiser. Honolulu. August 5, 1871. p. 3.
  18. ^ "Memorial Day". The Pacific Commercial Advertiser. Honolulu. June 14, 1873. p. 2. from the original on October 30, 2016. Retrieved May 30, 2017.; "Commemoration Day". The Pacific Commercial Advertiser. Honolulu. June 17, 1876. p. 3.
  19. ^ Schmitt 1995, p. 143.
  20. ^ "By Authority". The Hawaiian Star. Honolulu. July 10, 1891. p. 2. from the original on August 17, 2017. Retrieved May 30, 2017.
  21. ^ "Restoration Day". The Hawaiian Star. Honolulu. July 31, 1893. p. 2. from the original on August 17, 2017. Retrieved May 30, 2017.; "Melange". The Hawaiian Gazette. Honolulu. August 1, 1893. p. 5. from the original on November 8, 2017. Retrieved May 30, 2017.; "Maui News". The Hawaiian Gazette. Honolulu. August 8, 1893. p. 9. from the original on November 8, 2017. Retrieved May 30, 2017.
  22. ^ Thrum 1898, pp. 62–69.
  23. ^ "Ka La Hoihoi Ea". Hawaii Holomua. Vol. III, no. 272. Honolulu. July 31, 1893. p. 2. from the original on July 31, 2017. Retrieved May 30, 2017.
  24. ^ "Restoration Day". The Independent. Honolulu. July 31, 1899. p. 2. from the original on August 17, 2017. Retrieved May 30, 2017.
  25. ^ a b Fujii & 2012/2013.
  26. ^ "Reminiscences of the Past – How Restoration Day Was Celebrated and What Happened to the Participants". The Independent. Honolulu. July 31, 1899. p. 3.; "Restoration Day". The Hawaiian Gazette. Honolulu. August 1, 1913. p. 4.
  27. ^ a b Hoover 2004.
  28. ^ a b Scottmaui 2005; Tranquilli 2005
  29. ^ McDougall 2016, p. 162.
  30. ^ Yang 2018.
  31. ^ Nogelmeier & Clark 2018, pp. 151–159.
  32. ^ a b Clark 2019, pp. 147–149.
  33. ^ Fuller 2016.
  34. ^ Maui Now 2022.

Bibliography

  • Clark, John (2019). "The Kamehameha III Statue in Thomas Square". The Hawaiian Journal of History. Honolulu: Hawaiian Historical Society. 53: 147–149. doi:10.1353/hjh.2019.0008. ISSN 2169-7639. OCLC 60626541. S2CID 214511964.
  • Fuller, Landry (August 2, 2016). "Flying high". West Hawaii Today. Kailua-Kona: Oahu Publications, Inc. Retrieved April 1, 2020.
  • Fujii, Jocelyn (December 2012 – January 2013). "Of King & Country". Hana Hou!. Vol. 15, no. 6. Honolulu. Retrieved March 7, 2017.
  • Gilman, Gorham D. (1892). Thrum, Thomas G. (ed.). "Restoration Day: A Recollection". Hawaiian Almanac and Annual for 1893. Honolulu: Honolulu Star-Bulletin. pp. 70–77. hdl:10524/663.
  • Hoʻokahua Staff (July 2014). "Lā Hoʻihoʻi Ea: Hawaiʻi Commemorates Sovereignty Restoration Day". Kaleinamanu Hawaiian Cultural Center, Kamehameha Schools. Retrieved September 3, 2011.
  • Hoover, Will (August 1, 2004). "Hawaiians mark restoration day". The Honolulu Advertiser. Honolulu: Black Press. from the original on October 30, 2004. Retrieved March 16, 2010.
  • Kuykendall, Ralph Simpson (1965) [1938]. The Hawaiian Kingdom 1778–1854, Foundation and Transformation. Vol. 1. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press. ISBN 0-87022-431-X. OCLC 47008868.
  • McDougall, Brandy Nalani (2016). Finding Meaning: Kaona and Contemporary Hawaiian Literature. Tucson: University of Arizona Press. ISBN 978-0-8165-3385-5. OCLC 946967118.
  • Nogelmeier, Puakea; Clark, John (2018). "Dedication of Kamehameha III, A Sculpture by Thomas Jay Warren". The Hawaiian Journal of History. Honolulu: Hawaiian Historical Society. 52: 151–159. doi:10.1353/hjh.2018.0006. ISSN 2169-7639. OCLC 60626541. S2CID 192697974.
  • Pacific Worlds (2003). "Kaniakapupu". Pacific Worlds. Retrieved April 7, 2010.
  • Riconda, Dorothy (March 23, 1972). "Thomas Square nomination form". National Register of Historic Places. United States National Park Service. Retrieved February 21, 2010.
  • Schmitt, Robert C. (1995). "Holidays in Hawaiʻi". Hawaiian Journal of History. Honolulu: Hawaiian Historical Society. 29: 141–146. hdl:10524/338.
  • Scottmaui (August 2, 2005). "Hawaiian "Sovereignty Restoration Day"". Daily Kos. Retrieved August 3, 2015.
  • "State designates July 31 "A Special Day of Observance" remembering Lā Hoʻihoʻi Ea". Maui Now. Wailuku. July 18, 2022. Retrieved July 25, 2022.
  • Thrum, Thomas G., ed. (1892). "History of the Provisional Cession of the Hawaiian Islands and Their Restoration". Hawaiian Almanac and Annual for 1893. Honolulu: Honolulu Star-Bulletin. pp. 45–70. hdl:10524/663.
  • Thrum, Thomas G., ed. (1898). "The Days We Celebrate ; Holidays and Their Observance". Hawaiian Almanac and Annual for 1898. Honolulu: Honolulu Star-Bulletin. pp. 62–69. hdl:10524/23170.
  • Thrum, Thomas G., ed. (1909). Hawaiian Holidays. Hawaiian Almanac and Annual for 1910. Honolulu: Honolulu Star-Bulletin. pp. 110–116.
  • Thrum, Thomas G., ed. (1929). "Holiday Observances In Monarchial Days". Hawaiian Almanac and Annual for 1930. Honolulu: Honolulu Star-Bulletin. pp. 101–106. hdl:10524/32427.
  • Tranquilli, Betsy (August 1, 2005). "Group re-enacts 1843 replacing of Union Jack with Hawaiian flag". West Hawaii Today. Kailua-Kona, HI.
  • Yang, Gordon Y. K. (July 28, 2018). "King Kamehameha III bronze statue to be unveiled at Thomas Square". Honolulu Star-Advertiser. Honolulu: Oahu Publications, Inc. Retrieved August 5, 2015.

March 10, 2023
sovereignty, restoration, hawaiian, hoʻihoʻi, national, holiday, former, hawaiian, kingdom, celebrated, july, still, commemorated, native, hawaiians, state, hawaii, honors, restoration, sovereignty, kingdom, following, occupation, hawaiʻi, great, britain, duri. Sovereignty Restoration Day Hawaiian La Hoʻihoʻi Ea is a national holiday of the former Hawaiian Kingdom celebrated on July 31 and still commemorated by Native Hawaiians in the state of Hawaii It honors the restoration of sovereignty to the kingdom following the occupation of Hawaiʻi by Great Britain during the 1843 Paulet Affair by British Rear Admiral Richard Darton Thomas and when King Kamehameha III uttered the phrase Ua Mau ke Ea o ka ʻAina i ka Pono The life of the land is preserved in the righteousness of the people Sovereignty Restoration DayKamehameha III King of the Hawaiian Islands from 1825 to 1854Official nameLa Hoʻihoʻi EaAlso calledHawaiian Restoration DayObserved byHawaiiSignificanceRestoration of the sovereignty of Hawaiian Kingdom following British occupation during the Paulet Affair 1843 DateJuly 31Next timeJuly 31 2023 2023 07 31 FrequencyannualFirst time1843Related toHawaiian Independence DayDuring the monarchy the holiday was observed annually by the native and foreign communities in Hawaii King Kamehameha V who deemed the holiday inappropriate officially dropped it as a national holiday in 1867 and replaced with Kamehameha Day on June 11 It was briefly revived as a national holiday from 1891 until the overthrow of the Hawaiian Kingdom in 1893 During the ensuing years of the 1890s the holiday continued to be observed privately by loyalists of the monarchy as a form of opposition and resistance It is still celebrated by proponents of the Hawaiian sovereignty movement as a day of resistance against what sovereignty advocates consider an ongoing American occupation of Hawaiʻi In 2022 the day was recognized by the State of Hawaii as a special day of remembrance Contents 1 Background 2 Official observation 3 Modern day observation 4 References 5 BibliographyBackground EditMain article Paulet Affair 1843 On February 10 1843 Captain Lord George Paulet of HMS Carysfort landed in Honolulu in response to the complaints by the British Consul in Honolulu Richard Charlton who had an underlying land dispute with the Hawaiian government and claimed British subjects were being denied their legal rights Paulet without the authorization of his superiors unilaterally occupied the kingdom in the name of Queen Victoria on February 25 despite the protests of Hawaiian King Kamehameha III and his ministers The Hawaiian king ceded his sovereignty under protest to the British government Paulet placed himself and a committee in charge restricted trade in the ports destroyed all Hawaiian flags that could be found and raised the British Union Jack in their place 1 2 After a five month occupation Rear Admiral Richard Darton Thomas the Commander in Chief of the Pacific Station sailed into Honolulu on his flagship HMS Dublin on July 26 1843 and requested an interview with the king Kamehameha III was more than happy to tell his side of the story and a new treaty was negotiated with the British giving British subjects on the islands perfect equality with the most favored foreigners 3 On July 31 1843 Thomas raised the Hawaiian flag in place of the Union Jack at the plains east of Honolulu now part of downtown Honolulu formally ending the occupation and gave a speech affirming the independence and sovereignty of the Hawaiian kingdom and the friendship of the British government 3 The site of the ceremony was later made into a park in honor of the event and named Thomas Square 4 Official observation Edit The King s Summer House 1853 lithograph by Paul Emmert This was the site of the 1847 grand luau attended by ten thousand guests Following the restoration of sovereignty at Thomas Square King Kamehameha III held an afternoon thanksgiving service at Kawaiahaʻo Church where he uttered the phrase Ua Mau ke Ea o ka ʻAina i ka Pono The life of the land is preserved in the righteousness of the people This phrase was adopted in 1959 as the motto of the state of Hawaii 5 3 The king declared a ten day holiday and the entire community including foreigners and native Hawaiians rejoiced in festivities with a lavish luau of suckling pig fish and poi The event was later made into an annual holiday and was observed by his successor King Kamehameha IV 1855 1864 6 7 During the fourth anniversary of the restoration in 1847 King Kamehameha III and his wife Queen Kalama hosted a grand luau at their summer palace Kaniakapupu attended by an estimated ten thousand guests 8 9 During the latter part of the reign of King Kamehameha V 1864 1872 the celebration was deemed inappropriate by the king and his ministers since it brought back unpleasant memories of the British occupation by Paulet and the official holiday was discontinued The holiday was still being officially sanctioned in 1865 and 1866 10 11 No public celebration was held in 1867 and it ceased to be officially observed 12 13 14 There are also later assertions that the holiday was dropped to suit the delicate feelings of a few Englishmen who did not like the memory of these events revived 15 However the anniversary was still remembered by people in private 6 16 17 In 1872 the king replaced the holiday with Kamehameha Day on June 11 to honor his grandfather Kamehameha I who had conquered and united the Hawaiian Islands in 1810 This is the only holiday from the time of the Hawaiian monarchy that remains an official holiday of the state of Hawaii 18 19 The 1890 session of the Hawaiian legislature briefly restored the date as a national holiday effective July 31 1891 during the reign of Queen Liliuokalani 20 In 1893 the Hawaiian monarchy was overthrown and the queen yielded her authority to the United States government under protest The Provisional Government of Hawaii which was established as an interim regime while a treaty of annexation was being pushed through the United States Congress abolished the holiday Private observance of the fiftieth anniversary on July 31 1893 was watched by the oligarchical government with an air of suspicion while royalists and supporters of the deposed queen hoped in vain for another restoration to occur 21 After 1893 the holiday continued to be observed privately by loyalists of the monarchy as a form of opposition and resistance 22 23 24 By the time the Territory of Hawaii was organized in 1898 the holiday had become a historical footnote 25 26 Modern day observation Edit The inverted Hawaiian flag represents the Hawaiian Kingdom in distress and is the main symbol of the Hawaiian sovereignty movement The tradition of this celebration was revived in 1985 by Hawaiian sovereignty movement activist Kekuni Blaisdell during the Hawaiian Renaissance 25 Today the holiday is upheld by proponents of the Hawaiian sovereignty movement who compare the British occupation of 1843 to what they believe is the ongoing modern American occupation of the islands and believe the United States government should follow the example of the British to restore the Hawaiian nation 27 28 29 In Honolulu the holiday is marked by the celebration of Hawaiian culture history and activism through organized speeches presentations marches hula performances music rallies and flag raising On the other islands sovereignty groups organize historical reenactments rallies and the ceremonial raising of the Hawaiian flag in place of the American flag 27 28 On July 31 2018 a 12 foot bronze statue of Kamehameha III and a flagpole flying the Hawaiian flag was unveiled at Thomas Square in a ceremony honoring the 175th anniversary of the restoration of Hawaiian sovereignty in 1843 The statue was created by Oregon artist Thomas Jay Warren for 250 000 allotted by the Mayor s Office of Culture and the Arts and is part of Mayor Kirk Caldwell s plans to revamp the park 30 31 32 Thomas Square is one of four sites in Hawaii where the Hawaiian flag is allowed to fly alone without the United States flag The others are the Royal Mausoleum at Mauna ʻAla ʻIolani Palace and Puʻuhonua o Hōnaunau 32 33 In 2022 the State of Hawaii passed a legislative bill officially recognizing La Hoʻihoʻi Ea as a special day of observance 34 References Edit Kuykendall 1965 pp 208 230 Thrum 1892 pp 45 70 a b c Kuykendall 1965 pp 219 221 Riconda 1972 Hoʻokahua Staff 2014 a b Thrum 1909 p 114 Gilman 1892 pp 70 77 Thrum 1929 pp 101 106 Pacific Worlds 2003 Restoration Day The Pacific Commercial Advertiser Honolulu August 5 1865 p 2 Notes of the Week July 31st 1866 The Pacific Commercial Advertiser Honolulu August 4 1866 p 3 Notes of the Week July 31st The Pacific Commercial Advertiser Honolulu July 27 1867 p 3 The Thirty First of July The Pacific Commercial Advertiser Honolulu August 3 1867 p 3 Legislative Jottings The Pacific Commercial Advertiser Honolulu June 11 1870 p 2 Archived from the original on October 30 2016 Retrieved May 30 2017 Hawaiian National Holidays Saturday Press Honolulu December 1 1883 p 2 Schmitt 1995 pp 141 146 Notes of the Week Thirty First of July The Pacific Commercial Advertiser Honolulu August 5 1871 p 3 Memorial Day The Pacific Commercial Advertiser Honolulu June 14 1873 p 2 Archived from the original on October 30 2016 Retrieved May 30 2017 Commemoration Day The Pacific Commercial Advertiser Honolulu June 17 1876 p 3 Schmitt 1995 p 143 By Authority The Hawaiian Star Honolulu July 10 1891 p 2 Archived from the original on August 17 2017 Retrieved May 30 2017 Restoration Day The Hawaiian Star Honolulu July 31 1893 p 2 Archived from the original on August 17 2017 Retrieved May 30 2017 Melange The Hawaiian Gazette Honolulu August 1 1893 p 5 Archived from the original on November 8 2017 Retrieved May 30 2017 Maui News The Hawaiian Gazette Honolulu August 8 1893 p 9 Archived from the original on November 8 2017 Retrieved May 30 2017 Thrum 1898 pp 62 69 Ka La Hoihoi Ea Hawaii Holomua Vol III no 272 Honolulu July 31 1893 p 2 Archived from the original on July 31 2017 Retrieved May 30 2017 Restoration Day The Independent Honolulu July 31 1899 p 2 Archived from the original on August 17 2017 Retrieved May 30 2017 a b Fujii amp 2012 2013 Reminiscences of the Past How Restoration Day Was Celebrated and What Happened to the Participants The Independent Honolulu July 31 1899 p 3 Restoration Day The Hawaiian Gazette Honolulu August 1 1913 p 4 a b Hoover 2004 a b Scottmaui 2005 Tranquilli 2005 McDougall 2016 p 162 Yang 2018 Nogelmeier amp Clark 2018 pp 151 159 a b Clark 2019 pp 147 149 Fuller 2016 Maui Now 2022 Bibliography EditClark John 2019 The Kamehameha III Statue in Thomas Square The Hawaiian Journal of History Honolulu Hawaiian Historical Society 53 147 149 doi 10 1353 hjh 2019 0008 ISSN 2169 7639 OCLC 60626541 S2CID 214511964 Fuller Landry August 2 2016 Flying high West Hawaii Today Kailua Kona Oahu Publications Inc Retrieved April 1 2020 Fujii Jocelyn December 2012 January 2013 Of King amp Country Hana Hou Vol 15 no 6 Honolulu Retrieved March 7 2017 Gilman Gorham D 1892 Thrum Thomas G ed Restoration Day A Recollection Hawaiian Almanac and Annual for 1893 Honolulu Honolulu Star Bulletin pp 70 77 hdl 10524 663 Hoʻokahua Staff July 2014 La Hoʻihoʻi Ea Hawaiʻi Commemorates Sovereignty Restoration Day Kaleinamanu Hawaiian Cultural Center Kamehameha Schools Retrieved September 3 2011 Hoover Will August 1 2004 Hawaiians mark restoration day The Honolulu Advertiser Honolulu Black Press Archived from the original on October 30 2004 Retrieved March 16 2010 Kuykendall Ralph Simpson 1965 1938 The Hawaiian Kingdom 1778 1854 Foundation and Transformation Vol 1 Honolulu University of Hawaii Press ISBN 0 87022 431 X OCLC 47008868 McDougall Brandy Nalani 2016 Finding Meaning Kaona and Contemporary Hawaiian Literature Tucson University of Arizona Press ISBN 978 0 8165 3385 5 OCLC 946967118 Nogelmeier Puakea Clark John 2018 Dedication of Kamehameha III A Sculpture by Thomas Jay Warren The Hawaiian Journal of History Honolulu Hawaiian Historical Society 52 151 159 doi 10 1353 hjh 2018 0006 ISSN 2169 7639 OCLC 60626541 S2CID 192697974 Pacific Worlds 2003 Kaniakapupu Pacific Worlds Retrieved April 7 2010 Riconda Dorothy March 23 1972 Thomas Square nomination form National Register of Historic Places United States National Park Service Retrieved February 21 2010 Schmitt Robert C 1995 Holidays in Hawaiʻi Hawaiian Journal of History Honolulu Hawaiian Historical Society 29 141 146 hdl 10524 338 Scottmaui August 2 2005 Hawaiian Sovereignty Restoration Day Daily Kos Retrieved August 3 2015 State designates July 31 A Special Day of Observance remembering La Hoʻihoʻi Ea Maui Now Wailuku July 18 2022 Retrieved July 25 2022 Thrum Thomas G ed 1892 History of the Provisional Cession of the Hawaiian Islands and Their Restoration Hawaiian Almanac and Annual for 1893 Honolulu Honolulu Star Bulletin pp 45 70 hdl 10524 663 Thrum Thomas G ed 1898 The Days We Celebrate Holidays and Their Observance Hawaiian Almanac and Annual for 1898 Honolulu Honolulu Star Bulletin pp 62 69 hdl 10524 23170 Thrum Thomas G ed 1909 Hawaiian Holidays Hawaiian Almanac and Annual for 1910 Honolulu Honolulu Star Bulletin pp 110 116 Thrum Thomas G ed 1929 Holiday Observances In Monarchial Days Hawaiian Almanac and Annual for 1930 Honolulu Honolulu Star Bulletin pp 101 106 hdl 10524 32427 Tranquilli Betsy August 1 2005 Group re enacts 1843 replacing of Union Jack with Hawaiian flag West Hawaii Today Kailua Kona HI Yang Gordon Y K July 28 2018 King Kamehameha III bronze statue to be unveiled at Thomas Square Honolulu Star Advertiser Honolulu Oahu Publications Inc Retrieved August 5 2015 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Sovereignty Restoration Day amp oldid 1104796694, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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