fbpx
Wikipedia

Myopathy

February 20, 2023

In medicine, myopathy is a disease of the muscle[1] in which the muscle fibers do not function properly. This results in muscular weakness. Myopathy means muscle disease (Greek : myo- muscle + patheia -pathy : suffering). This meaning implies that the primary defect is within the muscle, as opposed to the nerves ("neuropathies" or "neurogenic" disorders) or elsewhere (e.g., the brain). Muscle cramps, stiffness, and spasm can also be associated with myopathy.

Capture myopathy can occur in wild or captive animals, such as deer and kangaroos, and leads to morbidity and mortality. [2] It usually occurs as a result of stress and physical exertion during capture and restraint.

Muscular disease can be classified as neuromuscular or musculoskeletal in nature. Some conditions, such as myositis, can be considered both neuromuscular and musculoskeletal.

Signs and symptoms

Common symptoms include muscle weakness, cramps, stiffness, and tetany.[citation needed]

Systemic diseases

Myopathies in systemic disease results from several different disease processes including endocrine, inflammatory, paraneoplastic, infectious, drug- and toxin-induced, critical illness myopathy, metabolic, collagen related,[3] and myopathies with other systemic disorders. Patients with systemic myopathies often present acutely or sub acutely. On the other hand, familial myopathies or dystrophies generally present in a chronic fashion with exceptions of metabolic myopathies where symptoms on occasion can be precipitated acutely. Most of the inflammatory myopathies can have a chance association with malignant lesion; the incidence appears to be specifically increased only in patients with dermatomyositis.[4]

There are many types of myopathy. ICD-10 codes are provided here where available.

Inherited forms

Acquired

  • (G72.0 - G72.2) External substance induced myopathy
  • (M33.0-M33.1)
    • Dermatomyositis produces muscle weakness and skin changes. The skin rash is reddish and most commonly occurs on the face, especially around the eyes, and over the knuckles and elbows. Ragged nail folds with visible capillaries can be present. It can often be treated by drugs like corticosteroids or immunosuppressants. (M33.2)
    • Polymyositis produces muscle weakness. It can often be treated by drugs like corticosteroids or immunosuppressants.
    • Inclusion body myositis is a slowly progressive disease that produces weakness of hand grip and straightening of the knees. No effective treatment is known.
  • (M60.9) Benign acute childhood myositis
  • (M61) Myositis ossificans
  • (M62.89) Rhabdomyolysis and (R82.1) myoglobinurias

The Food and Drug Administration is recommending that physicians restrict prescribing high-dose Simvastatin (Zocor, Merck) to patients, given an increased risk of muscle damage. The FDA drug safety communication stated that physicians should limit using the 80-mg dose unless the patient has already been taking the drug for 12 months and there is no evidence of myopathy. "Simvastatin 80 mg should not be started in new patients, including patients already taking lower doses of the drug," the agency states.

Myocardium / cardio-myopathy

[8]

Differential diagnosis

At birth

  • None as systemic causes; mainly hereditary

Onset in childhood

  • Inflammatory myopathies – dermatomyositis, polymyositis (rarely)
  • Infectious myopathies
  • Endocrine and metabolic disorders – hypokalemia, hypocalcemia, hypercalcemia

Onset in adulthood[4]

  • Inflammatory myopathies – polymyositis, dermatomyositis, inclusion body myositis, viral (HIV)
  • Infectious myopathies
  • Endocrine myopathies – thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal, pituitary disorders
  • Toxic myopathies – alcohol, corticosteroids, narcotics, colchicines, chloroquine
  • Critical illness myopathy
  • Metabolic myopathies
  • Paraneoplastic myopathy

Treatments

Because different types of myopathies are caused by many different pathways, there is no single treatment for myopathy. Treatments range from treatment of the symptoms to very specific cause-targeting treatments. Drug therapy, physical therapy, bracing for support, surgery, and massage are all current treatments for a variety of myopathies.[citation needed]

References

  1. ^ "Myopathy - Definition from the Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary".
  2. ^ Green-Barber JM, Stannard HJ, Old JM (2018). "A suspected case of myopathy in a free-ranging eastern grey kangaroo (Macropus giganteus)". Australian Mammalogy. 40: 122–126. doi:10.1071/AM16054.
  3. ^ Voermans NC, van Alfen N, Pillen S, Lammens M, Schalkwijk J, Zwarts MJ, van Rooij IA, Hamel BC, van Engelen BG (June 2009). "Neuromuscular involvement in various types of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome". Ann. Neurol. 65 (6): 687–97. doi:10.1002/ana.21643. PMID 19557868. S2CID 22600065.
  4. ^ a b Chawla J (2011). "Stepwise approach to myopathy in systemic disease". Front Neurol. 2: 49. doi:10.3389/fneur.2011.00049. PMC 3153853. PMID 21886637.
  5. ^ Seene T (July 1994). "Turnover of skeletal muscle contractile proteins in glucocorticoid myopathy". J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol. 50 (1–2): 1–4. doi:10.1016/0960-0760(94)90165-1. PMID 8049126. S2CID 27814895.
  6. ^ "Information On Sycamore Poisoning". Rainbow Equine Hospital. Retrieved 16 May 2017.
  7. ^ "Equine Atypical Myopathy toxin and biochemical tests and tree sample testing available at the RVC". Royal Veterinary college - University of London. 13 February 2017. Retrieved 16 May 2017.
  8. ^ "2019 ICD-10-CM Diagnosis Code I42.9: Cardiomyopathy, unspecified". The Web's Free 2019 ICD-10-CM/PCS Medical Coding Reference. 1 October 2018. Retrieved 5 February 2019.

External links

February 20, 2023
myopathy, medicine, myopathy, disease, muscle, which, muscle, fibers, function, properly, this, results, muscular, weakness, means, muscle, disease, greek, muscle, patheia, pathy, suffering, this, meaning, implies, that, primary, defect, within, muscle, oppose. In medicine myopathy is a disease of the muscle 1 in which the muscle fibers do not function properly This results in muscular weakness Myopathy means muscle disease Greek myo muscle patheia pathy suffering This meaning implies that the primary defect is within the muscle as opposed to the nerves neuropathies or neurogenic disorders or elsewhere e g the brain Muscle cramps stiffness and spasm can also be associated with myopathy MyopathySpecialtyRheumatologyCapture myopathy can occur in wild or captive animals such as deer and kangaroos and leads to morbidity and mortality 2 It usually occurs as a result of stress and physical exertion during capture and restraint Muscular disease can be classified as neuromuscular or musculoskeletal in nature Some conditions such as myositis can be considered both neuromuscular and musculoskeletal Contents 1 Signs and symptoms 2 Systemic diseases 2 1 Inherited forms 2 2 Acquired 2 3 Myocardium cardio myopathy 2 4 Differential diagnosis 3 Treatments 4 References 5 External linksSigns and symptoms EditCommon symptoms include muscle weakness cramps stiffness and tetany citation needed Systemic diseases EditMyopathies in systemic disease results from several different disease processes including endocrine inflammatory paraneoplastic infectious drug and toxin induced critical illness myopathy metabolic collagen related 3 and myopathies with other systemic disorders Patients with systemic myopathies often present acutely or sub acutely On the other hand familial myopathies or dystrophies generally present in a chronic fashion with exceptions of metabolic myopathies where symptoms on occasion can be precipitated acutely Most of the inflammatory myopathies can have a chance association with malignant lesion the incidence appears to be specifically increased only in patients with dermatomyositis 4 There are many types of myopathy ICD 10 codes are provided here where available Inherited forms Edit G71 0 Dystrophies or muscular dystrophies are a subgroup of myopathies characterized by muscle degeneration and regeneration Clinically muscular dystrophies are typically progressive because the muscles ability to regenerate is eventually lost leading to progressive weakness often leading to use of a wheelchair and eventually death usually related to respiratory weakness G71 1 Myotonia Neuromyotonia G71 2 The congenital myopathies do not show evidence for either a progressive dystrophic process i e muscle death or inflammation but instead characteristic microscopic changes are seen in association with reduced contractile ability of the muscles Congenital myopathies include but are not limited to G71 2 nemaline myopathy characterized by presence of nemaline rods in the muscle G71 2 multi minicore myopathy characterized by multiple small cores or areas of disruption in the muscle fibers G71 2 centronuclear myopathy or myotubular myopathy in which the nuclei are abnormally found in the center of the muscle fibers a rare muscle wasting disorder G71 3 Mitochondrial myopathies which are due to defects in mitochondria which provide a critical source of energy for muscle G72 3 Familial periodic paralysis G72 4 Inflammatory myopathies which are caused by problems with the immune system attacking components of the muscle leading to signs of inflammation in the muscle G73 6 Metabolic myopathies which result from defects in biochemical metabolism that primarily affect muscle G73 6 E74 0 Glycogen storage diseases which may affect muscle G73 6 E75 Lipid storage disorder G72 89 Other myopathies Brody myopathy Congenital myopathy with abnormal subcellular organelles Fingerprint body myopathy Inclusion body myopathy 2 Megaconial myopathy Myofibrillar myopathy Rimmed vacuolar myopathyAcquired Edit G72 0 G72 2 External substance induced myopathy G72 0 Drug induced myopathy Glucocorticoid myopathy is caused by this class of steroids increasing the breakdown of the muscle proteins leading to muscle atrophy 5 G72 1 Alcoholic myopathy G72 2 Myopathy due to other toxic agents including atypical myopathy in horses caused by toxins in sycamore seeds and seedlings 6 7 M33 0 M33 1 Dermatomyositis produces muscle weakness and skin changes The skin rash is reddish and most commonly occurs on the face especially around the eyes and over the knuckles and elbows Ragged nail folds with visible capillaries can be present It can often be treated by drugs like corticosteroids or immunosuppressants M33 2 Polymyositis produces muscle weakness It can often be treated by drugs like corticosteroids or immunosuppressants Inclusion body myositis is a slowly progressive disease that produces weakness of hand grip and straightening of the knees No effective treatment is known M60 9 Benign acute childhood myositis M61 Myositis ossificans M62 89 Rhabdomyolysis and R82 1 myoglobinuriasThe Food and Drug Administration is recommending that physicians restrict prescribing high dose Simvastatin Zocor Merck to patients given an increased risk of muscle damage The FDA drug safety communication stated that physicians should limit using the 80 mg dose unless the patient has already been taking the drug for 12 months and there is no evidence of myopathy Simvastatin 80 mg should not be started in new patients including patients already taking lower doses of the drug the agency states Statin associated autoimmune myopathyMyocardium cardio myopathy Edit I40 Acute myocarditis I41 Myocarditis in diseases classified elsewhere I42 Cardiomyopathy I42 0 Dilated cardiomyopathy I42 1 Obstructive hypertrophy cardiomyopathy I42 2 Other hypertrophic cardiomyopathy I42 3 Endomyocardial eosinophilic disease Eosinophilic myocarditis Endomyocardial tropical fibrosis Loffler s endocarditis I42 4 Endocardial fibroelastosis I42 5 Other restrictive cardiomyopathy I42 6 Alcoholic cardiomyopathy I42 8 Other cardiomyopathies Arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia I43 Cardiomyopathy in diseases classified elsewhere 8 Differential diagnosis Edit At birth None as systemic causes mainly hereditaryOnset in childhood Inflammatory myopathies dermatomyositis polymyositis rarely Infectious myopathies Endocrine and metabolic disorders hypokalemia hypocalcemia hypercalcemiaOnset in adulthood 4 Inflammatory myopathies polymyositis dermatomyositis inclusion body myositis viral HIV Infectious myopathies Endocrine myopathies thyroid parathyroid adrenal pituitary disorders Toxic myopathies alcohol corticosteroids narcotics colchicines chloroquine Critical illness myopathy Metabolic myopathies Paraneoplastic myopathyTreatments EditBecause different types of myopathies are caused by many different pathways there is no single treatment for myopathy Treatments range from treatment of the symptoms to very specific cause targeting treatments Drug therapy physical therapy bracing for support surgery and massage are all current treatments for a variety of myopathies citation needed References Edit Myopathy Definition from the Merriam Webster Online Dictionary Green Barber JM Stannard HJ Old JM 2018 A suspected case of myopathy in a free ranging eastern grey kangaroo Macropus giganteus Australian Mammalogy 40 122 126 doi 10 1071 AM16054 Voermans NC van Alfen N Pillen S Lammens M Schalkwijk J Zwarts MJ van Rooij IA Hamel BC van Engelen BG June 2009 Neuromuscular involvement in various types of Ehlers Danlos syndrome Ann Neurol 65 6 687 97 doi 10 1002 ana 21643 PMID 19557868 S2CID 22600065 a b Chawla J 2011 Stepwise approach to myopathy in systemic disease Front Neurol 2 49 doi 10 3389 fneur 2011 00049 PMC 3153853 PMID 21886637 Seene T July 1994 Turnover of skeletal muscle contractile proteins in glucocorticoid myopathy J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 50 1 2 1 4 doi 10 1016 0960 0760 94 90165 1 PMID 8049126 S2CID 27814895 Information On Sycamore Poisoning Rainbow Equine Hospital Retrieved 16 May 2017 Equine Atypical Myopathy toxin and biochemical tests and tree sample testing available at the RVC Royal Veterinary college University of London 13 February 2017 Retrieved 16 May 2017 2019 ICD 10 CM Diagnosis Code I42 9 Cardiomyopathy unspecified The Web s Free 2019 ICD 10 CM PCS Medical Coding Reference 1 October 2018 Retrieved 5 February 2019 External links EditGeneReviews NCBI NIH UW entry on Myopathy with Deficiency of ISCU See http neuromuscular wustl edu for medical descriptions Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Myopathy amp oldid 1131928196, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

article

, read, download, free, free download, mp3, video, mp4, 3gp, jpg, jpeg, gif, png, picture, music, song, movie, book, game, games.