The fluctuation of blood sugar (red) and the sugar-lowering hormone insulin (blue) in humans during the course of a day with three meals. One of the effects of a sugar-rich vs a starch-rich meal is highlighted.[1]
Those with impaired fasting glucose are at an increased risk of vascular complications of diabetes, though to a lesser extent. The risks are cumulative, with both higher blood glucose levels, and the total amount of time it spends elevated, increasing the overall complication rate.
IFG can eventually progress to type 2 diabetes mellitus without intervention, which typically involves lifestyle modification. Those with impaired fasting glucose have a 1.5 fold increased risk of developing clinical diabetes within 10 years, when compared to the general population. Some studies suggest that without lifestyle changes, IFG will progress to clinically diagnosable diabetes in just under 3 years, on average.[3]
Impaired fasting glucose is often, though not always, associated with impaired glucose tolerance, though it may occur in isolation, with such persons having a normal response to a glucose tolerance test.
Impaired fasting glucose is often without any signs or symptoms, other than higher than normal glucose levels being detected in an individual's fasting blood sample. There may be signs and symptoms associated with elevated blood glucose, though these are likely to be minor, with significant symptoms suggestive of complete progression to type 2 diabetes. Such symptoms include:[4]
As impaired fasting glucose is considered a precursor condition for type 2 diabetes, it shares the same environmental and genetic risk factors.[citation needed]
Diagnosis
Different organisations use slightly differing levels before classifying a person's fasting blood glucose as "impaired", with the American Diabetes Association using a lower cutoff in its criteria than the World Health Organization. The upper limits remain the same, as fasting levels above this are almost universally accepted as indicative of full diabetes:
WHO criteria: fasting plasma glucose level from 6.1 mmol/L (110 mg/dL) to 6.9 mmol/L (125 mg/dL).[5][6][7]
ADA criteria: fasting plasma glucose level from 5.6 mmol/L (100 mg/dL) to 6.9 mmol/L (125 mg/dL).
The guidelines for preventing impaired fasting glucose are the same as those given for preventing type 2 diabetes in general. If these are adhered to, the progression to clinical diabetes can be slowed or halted. In some cases, a complete reversal of IFG can be achieved. Certain risk factors, such as being of Afro-Caribbean or South Asian ethnicity, as well as increasing age, are unavoidable, and such individuals may be advised to follow these guidelines, as well as monitor their blood glucose levels, more closely.[citation needed]
Management
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References
^Daly ME, Vale C, Walker M, Littlefield A, Alberti KG, Mathers JC (June 1998). "Acute effects on insulin sensitivity and diurnal metabolic profiles of a high-sucrose compared with a high-starch diet" (PDF). The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 67 (6): 1186–96. doi:10.1093/ajcn/67.6.1186. PMID 9625092.
^Thompson, Janice; Manore, Melinda; Sheeshka, Judy (2010), Nutrition a functional approach, Toronto, Ontaria: Pearson Canada, pp. 141–44
^Nichols GA, Hillier TA, Brown JB (2007). "Progression From Newly Acquired Impaired Fasting Glusose to Type 2 Diabetes". Diabetes Care. 30 (2): 228–33. doi:10.2337/dc06-1392. PMC1851903. PMID 17259486.
^.World Health Organization. "Definition, diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus and its complications: Report of a WHO Consultation. Part 1. Diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus". Retrieved 2007-05-29.
^"Diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus". Diabetes Care. 28 Suppl 1: S37–42. 2005. doi:10.2337/diacare.28.suppl_1.s37. PMC3632174. PMID 15618111.
impaired, fasting, glucose, type, prediabetes, which, person, blood, sugar, levels, during, fasting, consistently, above, normal, range, below, diagnostic, formal, diagnosis, diabetes, mellitus, together, with, impaired, glucose, tolerance, sign, insulin, resi. Impaired fasting glucose is a type of prediabetes in which a person s blood sugar levels during fasting are consistently above the normal range but below the diagnostic cut off for a formal diagnosis of diabetes mellitus 2 Together with impaired glucose tolerance it is a sign of insulin resistance In this manner it is also one of the conditions associated with metabolic syndrome Impaired fasting glucoseOther namesImpaired fasting glycemia IFGThe fluctuation of blood sugar red and the sugar lowering hormone insulin blue in humans during the course of a day with three meals One of the effects of a sugar rich vs a starch rich meal is highlighted 1 Those with impaired fasting glucose are at an increased risk of vascular complications of diabetes though to a lesser extent The risks are cumulative with both higher blood glucose levels and the total amount of time it spends elevated increasing the overall complication rate IFG can eventually progress to type 2 diabetes mellitus without intervention which typically involves lifestyle modification Those with impaired fasting glucose have a 1 5 fold increased risk of developing clinical diabetes within 10 years when compared to the general population Some studies suggest that without lifestyle changes IFG will progress to clinically diagnosable diabetes in just under 3 years on average 3 Impaired fasting glucose is often though not always associated with impaired glucose tolerance though it may occur in isolation with such persons having a normal response to a glucose tolerance test Contents 1 Signs and symptoms 2 Risk factors 3 Diagnosis 4 Prevention 5 Management 6 References 7 External linksSigns and symptoms EditImpaired fasting glucose is often without any signs or symptoms other than higher than normal glucose levels being detected in an individual s fasting blood sample There may be signs and symptoms associated with elevated blood glucose though these are likely to be minor with significant symptoms suggestive of complete progression to type 2 diabetes Such symptoms include 4 Increased thirst Increased urination especially waking up in the night to urinate Tiredness and fatigue Blurred vision Slow healing of wounds Altered sensation such as numbness or tingling particularly of the hands and feet Recurrent and difficult to clear infections particularly of the urinary tractRisk factors EditAs impaired fasting glucose is considered a precursor condition for type 2 diabetes it shares the same environmental and genetic risk factors citation needed Diagnosis EditDifferent organisations use slightly differing levels before classifying a person s fasting blood glucose as impaired with the American Diabetes Association using a lower cutoff in its criteria than the World Health Organization The upper limits remain the same as fasting levels above this are almost universally accepted as indicative of full diabetes WHO criteria fasting plasma glucose level from 6 1 mmol L 110 mg dL to 6 9 mmol L 125 mg dL 5 6 7 ADA criteria fasting plasma glucose level from 5 6 mmol L 100 mg dL to 6 9 mmol L 125 mg dL Prevention EditMain article Prevention of diabetes mellitus type 2 The guidelines for preventing impaired fasting glucose are the same as those given for preventing type 2 diabetes in general If these are adhered to the progression to clinical diabetes can be slowed or halted In some cases a complete reversal of IFG can be achieved Certain risk factors such as being of Afro Caribbean or South Asian ethnicity as well as increasing age are unavoidable and such individuals may be advised to follow these guidelines as well as monitor their blood glucose levels more closely citation needed Management EditThis section is empty You can help by adding to it November 2017 References Edit Daly ME Vale C Walker M Littlefield A Alberti KG Mathers JC June 1998 Acute effects on insulin sensitivity and diurnal metabolic profiles of a high sucrose compared with a high starch diet PDF The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 67 6 1186 96 doi 10 1093 ajcn 67 6 1186 PMID 9625092 Thompson Janice Manore Melinda Sheeshka Judy 2010 Nutrition a functional approach Toronto Ontaria Pearson Canada pp 141 44 Nichols GA Hillier TA Brown JB 2007 Progression From Newly Acquired Impaired Fasting Glusose to Type 2 Diabetes Diabetes Care 30 2 228 33 doi 10 2337 dc06 1392 PMC 1851903 PMID 17259486 Mayo Clinic Diabetes Prediabetes 1 Accessed Jan 27 2009 World Health Organization Definition diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus and its complications Report of a WHO Consultation Part 1 Diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus Retrieved 2007 05 29 Diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus Diabetes Care 28 Suppl 1 S37 42 2005 doi 10 2337 diacare 28 suppl 1 s37 PMC 3632174 PMID 15618111 Impaired Fasting Glycemia IFG Impaired Fasting Glucose External links Edit Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Impaired fasting glucose amp oldid 1112629115, wikipedia, wiki, 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