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Yalata, South Australia

April 18, 2024

For other uses, see Yalata.

Yalata is an Aboriginal community located 200 kilometres (120 mi) west of Ceduna and 140 km (87 mi) south of Ooldea on the edge of the Nullarbor Plain in South Australia. It lies on the traditional lands of the Wirangu people, but the settlement began as Yalata Mission in the early 1950s when Pila Nguru people were moved from Ooldea Mission when that closed, after previously being moved from their land in the Great Victoria Desert owing to nuclear testing by the British Government.

Yalata
South Australia
Yalata, looking north-east
Yalata
Coordinates31°23′03″S 131°37′14″E / 31.384108°S 131.620547°E / -31.384108; 131.620547[1]
Population248 (2016 census)[2]
 • Density0.05435/km2 (0.14077/sq mi)
Established1954 (mission)); 1994[citation needed]
23 October 2003 (locality)[3]
Postcode(s)5690[4]
Elevation90 m (295 ft)[citation needed]
Area4,563 km2 (1,761.8 sq mi)[citation needed]
Time zoneACST (UTC+9:30)
 • Summer (DST)ACDT (UTC+10:30)
Location
LGA(s)Aboriginal Council of Yalata
RegionEyre Western[1]
CountyHopetoun (part)[1]
State electorate(s)Flinders[5]
Federal division(s)Grey[6]
Mean max temp[7] Mean min temp[7] Annual rainfall[7]
23.8 °C
75 °F		 10.8 °C
51 °F		 252.6 mm
9.9 in
FootnotesAdjoining localities[1]

The old Colona sheep station nearby is now part of Yalata Indigenous Protected Area.

At the 2016 census, Yalata and the surrounding area had a population of 248.[2]

History edit

Yalata lies on the traditional lands of the Wirangu people.[8] Decades after the European settlement of South Australia began in 1836, a 5,000 ha (12,000-acre) sheep station known as Yalata station was established, with its homestead built in 1880 located on a high hill inland from Fowlers Bay, where there was then a town known as Yalata. Its land stretched from the Nullarbor Plain across to Point Brown near Streaky Bay on the Eyre Peninsula. The huge sheep station ran up to 120,000 sheep at times.[9]

In the 1950s, areas around Maralinga and Emu were used for nuclear testing by the British Government. Around this time the Australian Government resumed much Anangu land to be used for the Woomera Rocket testing Range. Aboriginal people in the area, who were Pila Nguru (Spinifex people, of the Great Victoria Desert) were moved to a United Aborigines Mission (UAM) at Ooldea, before that closed in 1952 due to internal divisions. The people did not want to move from there, as they were used to ranging the desert, and had used the Ooldea Soak as a water source for many generations.[10][11]

In 1951 South Australian Government bought the entire Yalata sheep station, including its 7,000 sheep,[10] "for the benefit and use of aborigines", and in 1954 turned the whole area bar two sections into an Aboriginal reserve under the South Australian Aborigines Protection Board. The "spiritual welfare and education" of the Aboriginal people were handed over to the Evangelical Lutheran Church of Australia, South Australian District, who would also run the property as a sheep station, with the remaining more than 6,000 sheep. The Board would contribute to the cost of caring for the people, and take care of their medical needs, and hoped to establish "a worthy institution".[12]

A group of Ooldea people who were in the process of moving themselves to Ernabella and many others were forcibly removed to Yalata, which was an environment quite alien to them.[10] Missionaries from the Koonibba Mission assisted with the move to the reserve, where the Ooldea people remained for two years before the Yalata Mission was created.[13] Before the mission was set up, the Lutherans were concerned that having a different denomination such as the UAM running a mission so close to Koonibba would confuse the Aboriginal people who would inevitably move between the two, as the teachings were different.[14] The Lutheran missionaries planned to teach the mission residents how to raise sheep, and the mission would be run in conjunction with Koonibba.[15] The government would take about 50% of the gross income of the station.[16]

The mission included administrative buildings, a school and a store. Residents lived in two camps: the "Big Camp" moved around the reserve at different times of the year, while Aboriginal mission workers and their families", and some of the elderly or sick residents lived in the "Little Camp".[13]

By 1969, many of the 300 people living at the mission were working on the nearby Colona Station[17] (which by around 2007 was part of the Yalata Indigenous Protected Area[18]).

In 1974 the Yalata Community Council took over the whole reserve, and the mission ceased operation as a mission.[13]

The Maralinga Tjarutja native title land was handed back to the Anangu under legislation passed by both houses of the South Australian Parliament in December 1984 and proclaimed in January 1985. The Yalata Aboriginal lands cover 4,580 km2 (1,770 sq mi) and span approximately 150 km (93 mi) of the Eyre Highway. Inland Anangu resettled on the land in 1995 and formed a community at Oak Valley. Regular movement of Anangu between Yalata and Oak Valley continued to occur.[clarification needed]

Yalata Roadhouse was closed in February 2006.[19]

In August 2007, fire destroyed the shed-structure police station and associated home, with damage estimated at approximately A$500,000.[20]

In July 2018, a unit of the Australian Army were posted in Yalata charged with building a new staff house and a child care centre; roadworks; upgrading the caravan park; and safely demolishing the old asbestos-riddled Yalata roadhouse.[21]

Environment edit

The Atlas of South Australia describes the Yalata area as:[22]

...sandy plain with deep sand and parabolic dunes. The vegetative cover is open mallee scrub with a mixed understory of chenopod shrubs and grasses and low open woodland with a chenopod shrub understory.

Demography edit

At the 2016 census, the population was 248,[2] but the number fluctuates (up to around 500), depending on cultural business, seasons and other factors.[23] Pitjantjatja was spoken as the primary language in 50.4% of homes in the Yalata area,[2] specifically a southern dialect.[24][23]

The main religion of residents was as follows, Lutheran: 37.3%, no religion 15.4%, Australian Aboriginal traditional religions: 10.8% and not stated: 33.6%.[2]

Governance edit

Yalata is governed at the local level by the Yalata Community Council, one of the several local government bodies in South Australia classified as Aboriginal Councils (AC).[25] Yalata Land is held in trust under the Aboriginal Lands Trust Act 1966 and covers an area of 456,300 ha (1,128,000 acres).[23]

At the state and federal levels, Yalata lies in the electoral district of Flinders and at the division of Grey, respectively.[26]

Facilities edit

There is a caravan park to assist tourists passing through or visiting the Great Australian Bight for fishing or whale watching.[27][21]

Yalata Anangu School provides R-12 education.[28][29]

Yalata Mission Airport is a single-runway airstrip that serves the community and nearby lands.[30]

References edit

  1. ^ a b c d "Search results for 'Yalata, LOCB' with the following datasets selected - 'Suburbs and localities', 'Counties', 'Local Government Areas', 'SA Government Regions' and 'Gazetteer'". Location SA Map Viewer. South Australian Government. Retrieved 13 August 2019.
  2. ^ a b c d e Australian Bureau of Statistics (27 June 2017). "Yalata (state suburb)". 2016 Census QuickStats. Retrieved 22 March 2019.  
  3. ^ Weatherill, Jay (23 October 2003). "GEOGRAPHICAL NAMES ACT 1991 Notice to Assign Names and Boundaries to Places" (PDF). The South Australian Government Gazette. Government of South AustralIA. p. 3859. Retrieved 14 April 2019. Assign the names YUNTA, BLINMAN, BOOKABIE, GLENDAMBO, YALATA, KINGOONYA, OLARY, INNAMINCKA, and MANNA HILL, to those areas Out of Councils and shown numbered 1 to 9 on Rack Plan 857 (Sheet 3)
  4. ^ a b c "Postcode for Yalata, South Australia". Postcodes Australia. Retrieved 13 August 2019.
  5. ^ "District of Flinders Background Profile". Electoral Commission SA. Retrieved 13 August 2019.
  6. ^ "Profile of the electoral division of Grey (SA)". Australian Electoral Commission. Retrieved 13 August 2019.
  7. ^ a b c "Monthly climate statistics: Summary statistics Nullarbor (nearest weather station)". Retrieved 13 August 2019.
  8. ^ Horton, David R. (1996). "Map of Indigenous Australia". AIATSIS. Retrieved 18 October 2021.
  9. ^ "Old Yalata Homestead Ruins – SA". ExplorOz. 24 October 2017. Retrieved 18 October 2021.
  10. ^ a b c Brady, Maggie (1999). "The politics of space and mobility: controlling the Ooldea/Yalata Aborigines, 1952–1982". Aboriginal History. 23. ANU Press: 1–14. ISSN 0314-8769. JSTOR 24046757. Retrieved 18 October 2021.
  11. ^ "Ooldea Mission (1933-1952)". Find & Connect. Retrieved 18 October 2021.
  12. ^ Aborigines Protection Board (South Australia) (1955). Report of the Aborigines Protection Board for the Year ended 30th June, 1954 (PDF) (Report). p. 5. Retrieved 18 October 2021 – via AIATSIS.
  13. ^ a b c "Yalata Mission (1954-1974)". Find & Connect. Retrieved 18 October 2021.
  14. ^ "Hitch in Govt. plans for Ooldea natives". The Mail (Adelaide). Vol. 41, no. 2, 066. South Australia. 5 January 1952. p. 1. Retrieved 18 October 2021 – via National Library of Australia.
  15. ^ "Natives To Learn Sheep Raising". The Advertiser (Adelaide). Vol. 97, no. 29, 864. South Australia. 2 July 1954. p. 4. Retrieved 18 October 2021 – via National Library of Australia.
  16. ^ "Church To Take Over Yalata As Mission Station". The Advertiser (Adelaide). Vol. 96, no. 29, 760. South Australia. 2 March 1954. p. 2. Retrieved 18 October 2021 – via National Library of Australia.
  17. ^ "'A very advanced experiment'". The Canberra Times. Vol. 44, no. 12, 460. 5 November 1969. p. 2. Retrieved 18 October 2021 – via National Library of Australia.
  18. ^ Neagle, N. (2009). "A Biological Survey of the Yalata Indigenous Protected Area, South Australia, 2007 – 2008" (PDF). Department for Environment and Heritage, South Australia. Retrieved 18 October 2021.
  19. ^ "Lease issues close roadhouse". Australian Broadcasting Corporation. Retrieved 28 April 2007.
  20. ^ Fire destroys police station, Adelaide Advertiser, 21 August 2007 Retrieved on 21 August 2007
  21. ^ a b "Australian Army in Yalata". ABC Eyre Peninsula. Retrieved 18 October 2021 – via Facebook.
  22. ^ McCaskill, Murray, 1926-; Griffin, Trevor, 1935-; Wakefield Press; South Australia Jubilee 150 Board (1986), Atlas of South Australia, South Australian Govt. Printing Division in association with Wakefield Press on behalf of the South Australia Jubilee 150 Board, ISBN 978-0-7243-4696-7{{citation}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  23. ^ a b c "Alinytljara Wiluṟara: Our communities". Landscape South Australia. Retrieved 18 October 2021.
  24. ^ "Yalata Land Management". Retrieved 18 May 2006.
  25. ^ "Aboriginal and outback communities". LGA South Australia. 6 July 2016. Retrieved 18 October 2021.
  26. ^ "Yalata, 5690". Location SA. Retrieved 18 October 2021.
  27. ^ "Yalata". Nullarbor Net. Retrieved 21 May 2006.
  28. ^ "Yalata Anangu School". My School. 30 June 2021. Retrieved 18 October 2021.
  29. ^ "Department for Education". Yalata Anangu School. 8 June 2021. Retrieved 18 October 2021.
  30. ^ "Yalata Mission Airport (KYI)". World Airport Codes. Retrieved 18 October 2021.

Further reading edit

  • "How the Aboriginal community displaced from Maralinga won their fight for tough laws on alcohol". ABC News. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. 28 May 2020.

External links edit

  Media related to Yalata, South Australia at Wikimedia Commons

  • Yalata (Local Government Association of South Australia website)
  • "Yalata". South Australia For Everyone.

April 18, 2024
yalata, south, australia, other, uses, yalata, yalata, aboriginal, community, located, kilometres, west, ceduna, south, ooldea, edge, nullarbor, plain, south, australia, lies, traditional, lands, wirangu, people, settlement, began, yalata, mission, early, 1950. For other uses see Yalata Yalata is an Aboriginal community located 200 kilometres 120 mi west of Ceduna and 140 km 87 mi south of Ooldea on the edge of the Nullarbor Plain in South Australia It lies on the traditional lands of the Wirangu people but the settlement began as Yalata Mission in the early 1950s when Pila Nguru people were moved from Ooldea Mission when that closed after previously being moved from their land in the Great Victoria Desert owing to nuclear testing by the British Government Yalata South AustraliaYalata looking north eastYalataCoordinates31 23 03 S 131 37 14 E 31 384108 S 131 620547 E 31 384108 131 620547 1 Population248 2016 census 2 Density0 05435 km2 0 14077 sq mi Established1954 mission 1994 citation needed 23 October 2003 locality 3 Postcode s 5690 4 Elevation90 m 295 ft citation needed Area4 563 km2 1 761 8 sq mi citation needed Time zoneACST UTC 9 30 Summer DST ACDT UTC 10 30 Location738 km 459 mi W of Adelaide 4 193 km 120 mi W of Ceduna airport 4 292 km 181 mi from Eucla citation needed 281 km 175 mi from WA SA border citation needed LGA s Aboriginal Council of YalataRegionEyre Western 1 CountyHopetoun part 1 State electorate s Flinders 5 Federal division s Grey 6 Mean max temp 7 Mean min temp 7 Annual rainfall 7 23 8 C 75 F 10 8 C 51 F 252 6 mm 9 9 inLocalities around Yalata Nullarbor NullarborYellabinna YellabinnaChundariaNullarbor Yalata YellabinnaMitchidy MoolaGreat Australian Bight Great Australian BightCoorabieFowlers Bay Mitchidy MoolaFowlers BayFootnotesAdjoining localities 1 The old Colona sheep station nearby is now part of Yalata Indigenous Protected Area At the 2016 census Yalata and the surrounding area had a population of 248 2 Contents 1 History 2 Environment 3 Demography 4 Governance 5 Facilities 6 References 7 Further reading 8 External linksHistory editYalata lies on the traditional lands of the Wirangu people 8 Decades after the European settlement of South Australia began in 1836 a 5 000 ha 12 000 acre sheep station known as Yalata station was established with its homestead built in 1880 located on a high hill inland from Fowlers Bay where there was then a town known as Yalata Its land stretched from the Nullarbor Plain across to Point Brown near Streaky Bay on the Eyre Peninsula The huge sheep station ran up to 120 000 sheep at times 9 In the 1950s areas around Maralinga and Emu were used for nuclear testing by the British Government Around this time the Australian Government resumed much Anangu land to be used for the Woomera Rocket testing Range Aboriginal people in the area who were Pila Nguru Spinifex people of the Great Victoria Desert were moved to a United Aborigines Mission UAM at Ooldea before that closed in 1952 due to internal divisions The people did not want to move from there as they were used to ranging the desert and had used the Ooldea Soak as a water source for many generations 10 11 In 1951 South Australian Government bought the entire Yalata sheep station including its 7 000 sheep 10 for the benefit and use of aborigines and in 1954 turned the whole area bar two sections into an Aboriginal reserve under the South Australian Aborigines Protection Board The spiritual welfare and education of the Aboriginal people were handed over to the Evangelical Lutheran Church of Australia South Australian District who would also run the property as a sheep station with the remaining more than 6 000 sheep The Board would contribute to the cost of caring for the people and take care of their medical needs and hoped to establish a worthy institution 12 A group of Ooldea people who were in the process of moving themselves to Ernabella and many others were forcibly removed to Yalata which was an environment quite alien to them 10 Missionaries from the Koonibba Mission assisted with the move to the reserve where the Ooldea people remained for two years before the Yalata Mission was created 13 Before the mission was set up the Lutherans were concerned that having a different denomination such as the UAM running a mission so close to Koonibba would confuse the Aboriginal people who would inevitably move between the two as the teachings were different 14 The Lutheran missionaries planned to teach the mission residents how to raise sheep and the mission would be run in conjunction with Koonibba 15 The government would take about 50 of the gross income of the station 16 The mission included administrative buildings a school and a store Residents lived in two camps the Big Camp moved around the reserve at different times of the year while Aboriginal mission workers and their families and some of the elderly or sick residents lived in the Little Camp 13 By 1969 many of the 300 people living at the mission were working on the nearby Colona Station 17 which by around 2007 was part of the Yalata Indigenous Protected Area 18 In 1974 the Yalata Community Council took over the whole reserve and the mission ceased operation as a mission 13 The Maralinga Tjarutja native title land was handed back to the Anangu under legislation passed by both houses of the South Australian Parliament in December 1984 and proclaimed in January 1985 The Yalata Aboriginal lands cover 4 580 km2 1 770 sq mi and span approximately 150 km 93 mi of the Eyre Highway Inland Anangu resettled on the land in 1995 and formed a community at Oak Valley Regular movement of Anangu between Yalata and Oak Valley continued to occur clarification needed Yalata Roadhouse was closed in February 2006 19 In August 2007 fire destroyed the shed structure police station and associated home with damage estimated at approximately A 500 000 20 In July 2018 a unit of the Australian Army were posted in Yalata charged with building a new staff house and a child care centre roadworks upgrading the caravan park and safely demolishing the old asbestos riddled Yalata roadhouse 21 Environment editThe Atlas of South Australia describes the Yalata area as 22 sandy plain with deep sand and parabolic dunes The vegetative cover is open mallee scrub with a mixed understory of chenopod shrubs and grasses and low open woodland with a chenopod shrub understory Demography editAt the 2016 census the population was 248 2 but the number fluctuates up to around 500 depending on cultural business seasons and other factors 23 Pitjantjatja was spoken as the primary language in 50 4 of homes in the Yalata area 2 specifically a southern dialect 24 23 The main religion of residents was as follows Lutheran 37 3 no religion 15 4 Australian Aboriginal traditional religions 10 8 and not stated 33 6 2 Governance editYalata is governed at the local level by the Yalata Community Council one of the several local government bodies in South Australia classified as Aboriginal Councils AC 25 Yalata Land is held in trust under the Aboriginal Lands Trust Act 1966 and covers an area of 456 300 ha 1 128 000 acres 23 At the state and federal levels Yalata lies in the electoral district of Flinders and at the division of Grey respectively 26 Facilities editThere is a caravan park to assist tourists passing through or visiting the Great Australian Bight for fishing or whale watching 27 21 Yalata Anangu School provides R 12 education 28 29 Yalata Mission Airport is a single runway airstrip that serves the community and nearby lands 30 References edit a b c d Search results for Yalata LOCB with the following datasets selected Suburbs and localities Counties Local Government Areas SA Government Regions and Gazetteer Location SA Map Viewer South Australian Government Retrieved 13 August 2019 a b c d e Australian Bureau of Statistics 27 June 2017 Yalata state suburb 2016 Census QuickStats Retrieved 22 March 2019 nbsp Weatherill Jay 23 October 2003 GEOGRAPHICAL NAMES ACT 1991 Notice to Assign Names and Boundaries to Places PDF The South Australian Government Gazette Government of South AustralIA p 3859 Retrieved 14 April 2019 Assign the names YUNTA BLINMAN BOOKABIE GLENDAMBO YALATA KINGOONYA OLARY INNAMINCKA and MANNA HILL to those areas Out of Councils and shown numbered 1 to 9 on Rack Plan 857 Sheet 3 a b c Postcode for Yalata South Australia Postcodes Australia Retrieved 13 August 2019 District of Flinders Background Profile Electoral Commission SA Retrieved 13 August 2019 Profile of the electoral division of Grey SA Australian Electoral Commission Retrieved 13 August 2019 a b c Monthly climate statistics Summary statistics Nullarbor nearest weather station Retrieved 13 August 2019 Horton David R 1996 Map of Indigenous Australia AIATSIS Retrieved 18 October 2021 Old Yalata Homestead Ruins SA ExplorOz 24 October 2017 Retrieved 18 October 2021 a b c Brady Maggie 1999 The politics of space and mobility controlling the Ooldea Yalata Aborigines 1952 1982 Aboriginal History 23 ANU Press 1 14 ISSN 0314 8769 JSTOR 24046757 Retrieved 18 October 2021 Ooldea Mission 1933 1952 Find amp Connect Retrieved 18 October 2021 Aborigines Protection Board South Australia 1955 Report of the Aborigines Protection Board for the Year ended 30th June 1954 PDF Report p 5 Retrieved 18 October 2021 via AIATSIS a b c Yalata Mission 1954 1974 Find amp Connect Retrieved 18 October 2021 Hitch in Govt plans for Ooldea natives The Mail Adelaide Vol 41 no 2 066 South Australia 5 January 1952 p 1 Retrieved 18 October 2021 via National Library of Australia Natives To Learn Sheep Raising The Advertiser Adelaide Vol 97 no 29 864 South Australia 2 July 1954 p 4 Retrieved 18 October 2021 via National Library of Australia Church To Take Over Yalata As Mission Station The Advertiser Adelaide Vol 96 no 29 760 South Australia 2 March 1954 p 2 Retrieved 18 October 2021 via National Library of Australia A very advanced experiment The Canberra Times Vol 44 no 12 460 5 November 1969 p 2 Retrieved 18 October 2021 via National Library of Australia Neagle N 2009 A Biological Survey of the Yalata Indigenous Protected Area South Australia 2007 2008 PDF Department for Environment and Heritage South Australia Retrieved 18 October 2021 Lease issues close roadhouse Australian Broadcasting Corporation Retrieved 28 April 2007 Fire destroys police station Adelaide Advertiser 21 August 2007 Retrieved on 21 August 2007 a b Australian Army in Yalata ABC Eyre Peninsula Retrieved 18 October 2021 via Facebook McCaskill Murray 1926 Griffin Trevor 1935 Wakefield Press South Australia Jubilee 150 Board 1986 Atlas of South Australia South Australian Govt Printing Division in association with Wakefield Press on behalf of the South Australia Jubilee 150 Board ISBN 978 0 7243 4696 7 a href Template Citation html title Template Citation citation a CS1 maint multiple names authors list link CS1 maint numeric names authors list link a b c Alinytljara Wiluṟara Our communities Landscape South Australia Retrieved 18 October 2021 Yalata Land Management Retrieved 18 May 2006 Aboriginal and outback communities LGA South Australia 6 July 2016 Retrieved 18 October 2021 Yalata 5690 Location SA Retrieved 18 October 2021 Yalata Nullarbor Net Retrieved 21 May 2006 Yalata Anangu School My School 30 June 2021 Retrieved 18 October 2021 Department for Education Yalata Anangu School 8 June 2021 Retrieved 18 October 2021 Yalata Mission Airport KYI World Airport Codes Retrieved 18 October 2021 Further reading edit How the Aboriginal community displaced from Maralinga won their fight for tough laws on alcohol ABC News Australian Broadcasting Corporation 28 May 2020 External links edit nbsp Media related to Yalata South Australia at Wikimedia Commons Yalata Local Government Association of South Australia website Yalata South Australia For Everyone Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Yalata South Australia amp oldid 1172669058, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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