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2016 Australian census

The 2016 Australian census was the 17th national population census held in Australia.[1] The census was officially conducted with effect on Tuesday, 9 August 2016. The total population of the Commonwealth of Australia was counted as 23,401,892 – an increase of 8.8 per cent or 1,894,175 people over the 2011 census.[2] Norfolk Island joined the census for the first time in 2016, adding 1,748 to the population.

2016 Census

← 2011 9 August 2016; 6 years ago (2016-08-09) 2021 →

General information
CountryAustralia
AuthorityAustralian Bureau of Statistics
Websiteabs.gov.au (2016)
Results
Total population23,401,892 ( 8.8%)
Most populous ​state/territoryNew South Wales (7,480,228)
Least populous ​state/territoryJervis Bay (391)

The ABS annual report revealed that $24 million in additional expenses accrued due to the outage on the census website.[3]

Results from the 2016 census were available to the public on 11 April 2017, from the Australian Bureau of Statistics website, two months earlier than for any previous census. The second release of data occurred on 27 June 2017 and a third data release was from 17 October 2017.[4][5] Australia's next census took place in 2021.

Scope

The Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) states the aim of the 2016 Australian census is "to count every person who spent Census night, 9 August 2016, in Australia."[6]

The census covers every Australian state and mainland territory, as well as the external territories of Christmas Island, Cocos (Keeling) Islands, and Norfolk Island. It does not include the other external territories of Australia. People who leave Australia but do not go through migration formalities are included, counted as part of an "Off-Shore Statistical Areas Level 1" in Tasmania. This includes those on oil and gas rigs near Australia and those at the Australian bases of the Australian Antarctic Territory. Visitors to Australia are included, regardless of how long they are staying for, however those who have been in the country less than a year answer fewer questions on the census. People who enter Australia but do not go through migration formalities are excluded. This includes those on ships in Australian waters that remain on the ship at port. Foreign diplomats and their families or those who travel on a diplomatic passport are excluded, as per the Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations. Those on vessels between Australian ports, or planes between Australian airports are included.[6]

All private dwellings are counted. Caravans in caravan parks and manufactured homes in manufactured home estates are counted if they are occupied. Non-private dwellings are included if they are occupied. This includes hotels, hospitals and prisons. Non occupied residences of owners, managers or caretakers are included and unoccupied, self contained residences in retirement villages are included.[6]

Collection methods

The 2016 census had a response rate of 95.1% and a net undercount of 1.0%, with 63% of people completing the Census online.[7]

In the period leading up to census date the Australian Government decided that the retention period for names and addresses would be increased to up to four years, from 18 months in the 2006 and 2011 censuses, leading to concerns about privacy and data security. As such, some Australian Senate crossbenchers (from the Greens, Nick Xenophon Team and Jacqui Lambie Network) said they would not complete those specific sections of the census,[8] despite the fines associated with incorrect completion of the census.

According to the Australian Bureau of Statistics the first release of census data became available to the public on the ABS website on 11 April 2017, two months earlier than for any previous census. The second release of data occurred on 27 June 2017 and a third data release was from 17 October 2017.[9]

Online

 
ABS website message after the 2016 online census was shut down

For the first time, the ABS significantly favoured internet submission of census forms over the traditional paper forms, claiming it expected more than 65% of Australians would complete the census online.[10] Reflecting this new preference, the tagline of the ad campaign for the census was the rhyming slogan "Get online on August 9".[11][12] Across many regions, paper forms were no longer delivered by default to homes, and households that wished to complete a paper census had to order such forms via an automated hotline. Letters were sent to each dwelling with unique code numbers that people would need to either login to the census website, or order a paper form if they preferred.[13] By census night, many households had still not received such a letter.[14] Contrary to previous years where censuses were both delivered and retrieved from households by dedicated census employees, in 2016 most of the paperwork relating to the census was delivered from and to the ABS by Australia Post.

The 2016 census was met by a significant controversy, which meant that many Australians could not complete the census online on the designated census day.[15] The ABS census website shut down at about 7:30 pm AEST on the night the census was to be completed. According to the ABS, throughout 9 August the census website received four denial-of-service attacks. At 7:30 pm, when the site was being heavily used, a software failure meant that the ABS was unable to keep blocking the denial-of-service attacks, leading to the failure of a router. As a result, the ABS decided to close down the system as a precaution. The 15th Chief Statistician, David Kalisch stated that no census data were compromised.[16][17][18] The Australian Signals Directorate assisted the ABS to bring the infrastructure back online more than 24 hours after the closure.[19][20][21] The census website was restored at 2:30 pm on 11 August.[22]

On the same day Australian Prime Minister Malcolm Turnbull stated his unhappiness over the event, which had "been a failure of the ABS", with his expectation that "heads will roll" once a review was complete.[23] Leader of the opposition Bill Shorten said that the 2016 census had been the "worst-run ... in the history of Australia".[24] The ABS blamed service provider IBM for the failure in the online census, saying that IBM had advised on the preparedness and resilience to DDoS attacks and had not offered any further protections that could be employed.[25] On 31 August, Parliament initiated an inquiry into the 2016 census.[26][27] It released its findings on 24 November and found that no individual party was responsible but it was shared between the government, IBM, and the sub-contractors.[28] Prime Minister Malcolm Turnbull has confirmed that IBM made a "very substantial financial settlement" with the Commonwealth as compensation for the failure of the 2016 online Census.[29]

The census forms were able to be submitted online until 23 September. Once collection was complete, the ABS issued an announcement which confirmed that in spite of the initial online problems, there was a preliminary response rate of more than 96%. This consisted of 4.9 million (over 58%) online submissions and 3.5 million paper forms. The preliminary response rate was similar to the previous two census response rates of 95.8% in 2006 and 96.5% in 2011.[30]

An independent panel established by the Australian Statistician to quality assure the data from the 2016 census found it was fit for purpose, comparable to previous Australian and international censuses and can be used with confidence.[31][32]

The Independent Assurance Panel I established to provide extra assurance and transparency of Census data quality concluded that the 2016 Census data can be used with confidence.

Census questions

The Census form had 51 questions relating to the characteristics of individuals, plus an extra nine questions relating to households. Of the sixty questions, the following two questions were optional:[33]

  • What is the person's religion?
  • Does each person agree to his/her name and address and other information on this form being kept by the National Archives of Australia and then made publicly available after 99 years?

Population and dwellings

The population counts for Australian states and territories were that New South Wales remains the most populous state, with 7,480,228 people counted, ahead of Victoria (5,926,624) and Queensland (4,703,193). Australian Capital Territory (ACT) experienced the largest population growth of any state or territory over the past five years, with an increase of 11.2% while Tasmania had the smallest growth at 3.0% since the last census in 2011.[34] Persons count based on place of usual residence on Census night.

States and territories Male Female Total % change
  New South Wales 3,686,014 3,794,217 7,480,228   8.1%
  Victoria 2,908,077 3,018,549 5,926,624   10.7%
  Queensland 2,321,889 2,381,308 4,703,193   8.6%
  Western Australia 1,238,419 1,235,994 2,474,410   10.5%
  South Australia 825,997 850,652 1,676,653   5.0%
  Tasmania 249,478 260,482 509,965   3.0%
  Australian Capital Territory 195,739 201,653 397,397  11.2%
  Northern Territory 118,570 110,266 228,833   8.0%
External Territories
  Christmas Island 1,130 712 1,843  
  Norfolk Island 819 930 1,748  
  Cocos (Keeling) Islands 268 273 544  
  Jervis Bay Territory 216 172 391  
  Commonwealth of Australia 11,546,638 11,855,248 23,401,892   8.8%
Source:[35][36][34] External territories[37][38][39][40]

"Other Territories"

The inclusion of Norfolk Island in Other Territories was new for 2016, following an amendment to the Acts Interpretation Act, 1901. In the 2016 Census, there were 1,748 people, compared with a population of 1,796 in 2011 (Norfolk Island Government Census). Of these 46.8% were male and 53.2% were female. The enumeration of Norfolk Island was an area of special attention for the ABS.

Age

Age 2016 Census
Number Percentage
Median age 38
    0–4 years 1,464,779 6.3%
    5–9 years 1,502,646 6.4%
    10–14 years 1,397,183 6.0%
    15–19 years 1,421,595 6.1%
    20–24 years 1,566,793 6.7%
    25–29 years 1,664,602 7.1%
    30–34 years 1,703,847 7.3%
    35–39 years 1,561,679 6.7%
    40–44 years 1,583,257 6.8%
    45–49 years 1,581,455 6.8%
    50–54 years 1,523,551 6.5%
    55–59 years 1,454,332 6.2%
    60–64 years 1,299,397 5.6%
    65–69 years 1,188,999 5.1%
    70–74 years 887,716 3.8%
    75–79 years 652,657 2.8%
    80–84 years 460,549 2.0%
    85 years and over 486,842 2.1%
Source: Australian Bureau of Statistics[41]

Country of birth

Of all residents over two-thirds (66.7% or 15,614,835) were born in Australia. Over a quarter of the population (26.3% or 6,163,667 persons) said they were born overseas, plus 1.6 million did not state any response. The proportion of overseas-born people from Asia has increased from 33% in 2011 to 40%, while Europe has declined from 40% in 2011 to 34% in 2016.

 
Country of birth of Australian residents at 2016 census[42]

However, England (907,572 or 3.9% of Australia's population) remains the most common country of birth, followed by New Zealand (518,466 or 2.2%).[43][44] It was question 12 on the 2016 Census Household Paper Form.[45]

Proportion of overseas-born population.[46]

  England (14.7%)
  New Zealand (8.4%)
  China (8.3%)
  India (7.4%)
  Philippines (3.8%)
  Vietnam (3.6%)
  Italy (2.8%)
  South Africa (2.6%)
  Malaysia (2.2%)
  Scotland (1.9%)
  Others (44.3%)
Country of Birth Population Percent of
population
Ref(s)
  Australia 15,614,835 66.7% [47]
New South Wales 4,899,090 65.5% [48]
Victoria 3,845,493 64.9% [49]
Queensland 3,343,657 71.1% [50]
South Australia 1,192,546 71.1% [51]
Western Australia 1,492,842 60.3% [52]
Tasmania 411,490 80.7% [53]
Northern Territory 157,531 68.8% [54]
Australian Capital Territory 269,682 68.0% [55]
Total, Overseas-born 6,163,667 26.3%
Oceania
  New Zealand 518,462 2.2% [56]
Europe
  England 907,572 3.9% [43]
  Scotland 119,420 0.4% [57]
  Wales 28,047 0.1% [58]
  Northern Ireland 23,025 0.1% [59]
  Italy 174,044 0.7% [60]
  Germany 102,595 0.4% [61]
  Greece 93,745 0.4% [62]
  Republic of Ireland 74,895 0.4% [63]
  Netherlands 70,174 0.3% [64]
  Poland 45,365 0.2% [65]
  Croatia 43,681 0.2% [66]
  France 31,124 0.1% [67]
  Portugal 15,809 0.1% [68]
  Spain 15,396 0.1% [69]
Other European Countries
Asia
  China[a] 509,557 2.2% [70]
  India 455,388 1.9% [71]
  Philippines 232,384 1.0% [72]
  Vietnam 219,357 0.9% [73]
  Malaysia 138,365 [74]
  Sri Lanka 109,853 [75]
  South Korea 98,775 0.4% [76]
  Hong Kong 86,888 - [77]
  Lebanon 78,651 - [78]
  Indonesia 73,217 [79]
  Iraq 67,355 [80]
  Thailand 66,231 [81]
  Pakistan 61,915 [82]
  Iran 58,106 [83]
Africa
  South Africa 162,448 0.7% [84]
America
  United States 86,133 0.4% [85]
  Canada 43,049 [86]
Polynesia
  Fiji 61,473 [87]
Not stated 1,636,000 7.0% [88]
Totals, Australia 23,401,892 100.0%
Source: Bureau of Statistics[47][88]

Culture, ancestry and language

Ancestry

The highest reported ancestries in Australia and for the external territory of Norfolk Island as a percentage of population.[89] Results of the ABS Census of Population and Housing, 2016 are as follows.[90]

Ancestry Number Percent
English 7,852,224 36.1
Australian[N 1] 7,298,243 33.5
Irish 2,388,058 11.0
Scottish 2,023,470 9.3
Chinese 1,213,903 5.6
Australian Bureau of Statistics

External territories

Norfolk Island
Ancestry Number Percentage
Australian 553 22.8%
English 543 22.4%
Pitcairn 484 20.0%
Scottish 145 6.0%
Irish 125 5.2%
Source[92]
Australian Aboriginals and Torres Strait Islanders

There were 649,171 Indigenous Australians, who made up 2.8% of Australia's population.

Religion

Religious affiliation 2016 census
Number Percentage
Christian   12,201,600   52.1%
    Anglican   3,101,191   13.3%
    Baptist   345,142   1.5%
    Catholic (Roman)   5,291,830   22.6%
    Christianity (defined and not defined)   768,649   6.3%
    Eastern Orthodox, Oriental Orthodoxy, and Assyrian Apostolic   567,680   2.1%
    Jehovah's Witnesses   82,510   0.4%
    Latter-day Saints   61,639   0.3%
    Lutheran   174,019   0.7%
    Pentecostal   260,560   1.1%
    Presbyterian and Reformed   524,338   2.3%
    Salvation Army   48,939   0.2%
    Seventh-day Adventist   62,945   0.3%
    Uniting Church in Australia   870,183   3.7%
Non-Christian 1,464,162 6.3%
    Buddhism 563,674 2.4%
    Hinduism 440,330 1.9%
    Islam 604,420 2.6%
    Judaism 91,022 0.4%
    Sikhism 125,901 0.5%
No Religion   7,040,717   30.1%
Not stated or unclear   2,238,735   9.6%
Australia   23,401,892   100%
Source: Australian Bureau of Statistics.[93][94][95][96]

Language

Homelessness

The number of homeless people in Australia jumped by more than 14,000 – or 14 per cent – in the five years to 2016, according to census data. The Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) said 116,000 people were homeless on census night in 2016, representing 50 homeless people per 10,000.[97] The majority of homeless people in Australia were male.[98] In addition, Indigenous Australians and recent migrants were over-represented among the homeless.[98]

Gender

The 2016 census was the first to offer an option other than "male" or "female", however, this option was only available on a special version of the online form.[99][100] Some trans people criticized the difficulty in accessing this alternative form. The online nature of the census also prevented transmasculine people who checked the "male" box from answering questions about pregnancy and having children, as it would automatically skip those questions.

See also

Notes

  1. ^ The Australian Bureau of Statistics has stated that most who nominate "Australian" as their ancestry have at least partial Anglo-Celtic ancestry.[91]

References

  1. ^ "2016 Census Overview: The 2016 Census was Australia's seventeenth national Census of Population and Housing". Australian Bureau of Statistics. Australian Government. Retrieved 14 August 2022.
  2. ^ "Census 2016: Summary of results". Australian Bureau of Statistics. Australian Government. Retrieved 14 August 2022.
  3. ^ "Year of #CensusFail: $24m blow-out, bad media and hundreds of injuries". ABC News. Australia. 19 October 2017. Retrieved 20 October 2017.
  4. ^ "2011.0.55.001 – Information Paper: Census of Population and Housing – Products and Services, 2016". Australian Bureau of Statistics. Australian Bureau of Statistics. 22 December 2016. Retrieved 2 February 2017.
  5. ^ "2016 Census Data". Australian Bureau of Statistics. Australian Government. Retrieved 26 August 2017.
  6. ^ a b c "Scope and coverage – 2016 Census". Australian Bureau of Statistics. 23 August 2016. Retrieved 9 June 2021.
  7. ^ "2016 Census". Australian Bureau of Statistics. Australian Government. 27 June 2017.
  8. ^ Anderson, Stephanie (9 August 2016). "Census 2016: Christopher Pyne criticises politicians withholding details over privacy fears". ABC News. Australia. Retrieved 18 August 2016.
  9. ^ "2011.0.55.001 – Information Paper: Census of Population and Housing – Products and Services, 2016". Australian Bureau of Statistics. Australian Bureau of Statistics. 22 December 2016. Retrieved 2 February 2017.
  10. ^ "Get ready to get digital with the 2016 Census" (Press release). Australian Bureau of Statistics. 9 August 2015.
  11. ^ Official Ad From Australian Bureau of Statistics. YouTube.[permanent dead link]
  12. ^ "Get online on August 9". Australian Bureau of Statistics. Australian Government. 9 August 2016. Retrieved 10 August 2016.
  13. ^ Martin, Peter (9 August 2015). "Census 2016 to be $100 million cheaper and all digital, on August 9". The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 9 August 2015.
  14. ^ Smith, Lucy (9 August 2016). "Census delay for residents without letters". Mackay Daily Mercury. Retrieved 11 February 2018.
  15. ^ Borrello, Eliza (9 August 2015). "Census goes digital: 2016 survey to be delivered online for speed, convenience". ABC News. Australia. Retrieved 9 August 2015.
  16. ^ "Census: How the Government says the website meltdown unfolded". ABC News. 10 August 2016. Retrieved 11 August 2016.
  17. ^ "2016 Census – 9 August online form outage update". Australian Bureau of Statistics (Press release). 10 August 2016. Retrieved 10 August 2016.
  18. ^ "Australian census attacked by hackers". BBC News. 10 August 2016. Retrieved 10 August 2016.
  19. ^ "Census website still down after cyber attacks". ABC News. 10 August 2016. Retrieved 10 August 2016.
  20. ^ "Review of the events surrounding the 2016 eCensus: Improving institutional cyber security culture and practices across the Australian government—Alastair MacGibbon, Special Adviser to the Prime Minister on Cyber Security—Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet". Australian Parliament. 13 October 2016. Retrieved 13 October 2016.
  21. ^ "ABS Chief Statistician reveals to ABC NewsRadio the census website was taken down after four cyber-attacks from an overseas source". ABC News. Australia. 10 August 2016. Retrieved 10 August 2016.
  22. ^ "2016 Census – Online form update: 3.00 pm, August 11" (Press release). Australian Bureau of Statistics. 11 August 2016. Retrieved 11 August 2016.
  23. ^ "Angry PM slams ABS 'failure' as census website goes back online". ABC News. 10 August 2016. Retrieved 11 August 2016.
  24. ^ Vickey, Kara; Wilson, Gemma (10 August 2016). "Census hacking: Privacy Commissioner investigates as Nick Xenophon calls for Senate inquiry". news.com.au. Retrieved 13 August 2016.
  25. ^ "Census 2016: ABS targets service provider IBM over botched survey". ABC News. Australia. 23 September 2016. Retrieved 16 November 2016.
  26. ^ "2016 Census Inquiry". Australian Parliament House. Australian Parliament House. Retrieved 24 September 2016.
  27. ^ "2016 Census Senate Inquiry Report". Australian Parliament. Retrieved 26 August 2017.
  28. ^ "Government, IBM and ABS all criticised as Census failure reports released". Financial Review. Australia. 24 November 2016. Retrieved 26 November 2016.
  29. ^ Cowan, Paris (25 November 2016). "IBM paid 'very substantial' compensation for Census failure". itnews.com.au. nextmedia Pty Ltd. Retrieved 17 March 2021.
  30. ^ "Australia records more than 96 per cent preliminary response rate for the 2016 Census". Australian Bureau of Statistics. Australian Government. 11 October 2016. Retrieved 26 November 2016.
  31. ^ "Census quality – independent assurance". abs.gov.au. 27 June 2017. Retrieved 26 August 2017.
  32. ^ "2016 Census". Australian Bureau of Statistics. Australian Government. 27 June 2017.
  33. ^ "2016 Census Household Form (sample)" (PDF). Australian Bureau of Statistics. Australian Government. 2016.
  34. ^ a b Census 2016 – Summary of result – Population by states and territories, 2011 and 2016 Census
  35. ^ 2016 Census QuickStats – ABS
  36. ^ 2016 Census – Data in pictures
  37. ^ 2016 Census QuickStats – Jervis Bay
  38. ^ 2016 Census QuickStats – Cocos (Keeling) Islands
  39. ^ 2016 Census QuickStats – Christmas Island
  40. ^ 2016 Census QuickStats – Norfolk Island
  41. ^ "2016 Census QuickStats Australia". censusdata.abs.gov.au. 2017. Retrieved 7 June 2022.
  42. ^ "Country of birth 2016 census". abs.gov.au. Australian Bureau of Statistics. Retrieved 30 January 2016.
  43. ^ a b 2016 Census QuickStats Country of Birth – People in Australia who were born in England
  44. ^ "2016 Census QuickStats Country of Birth People in Australia who were born in England". abs.gov.au. Retrieved 7 June 2022.
  45. ^ "2016 Census Country of Birth". abs.gov.au. Retrieved 7 June 2022.
  46. ^ "Census of Population and Housing: Reflecting Australia Stories from the Census 2016". abs.gov.au. Retrieved 7 June 2022.
  47. ^ a b 2016 Census QuickStats – Australia
  48. ^ 2016 Census QuickStats – New South Wales
  49. ^ 2016 Census QuickStats – Victoria
  50. ^ 2016 Census QuickStats – Queensland
  51. ^ 2016 Census QuickStats – South Australia
  52. ^ 2016 Census QuickStats – Western Australia
  53. ^ 2016 Census QuickStats – Tasmania
  54. ^ 2016 Census QuickStats – Northern Territory
  55. ^ 2016 Census QuickStats – Australian Capital Territory
  56. ^ 2016 Census QuickStats Country of Birth – People in Australia who were born in New Zealand
  57. ^ 2016 Census QuickStats – Country of Birth – Scotland
  58. ^ 2016 Census QuickStats – Country of Birth – Wales
  59. ^ 2016 Census QuickStats Country of Birth – People in Australia who were born in Northern Ireland
  60. ^ 2016 Census QuickStats Country of Birth – People in Australia who were born in Italy
  61. ^ 2016 Census QuickStats – Country of Birth
  62. ^ 2016 Census QuickStats Country of Birth – People in Australia who were born in Greece
  63. ^ 2016 Census QuickStats – People in Australia who were born in Ireland
  64. ^ 2016 Census QuickStats – People in Australia who were born in Netherlands
  65. ^ 2016 Census QuickStats – People in Australia who were born in Poland
  66. ^ 2016 Census QuickStats – People in Australia who were born in Croatia
  67. ^ 2016 Census QuickStats – People in Australia who were born in France
  68. ^ 2016 Census QuickStats – People in Australia who were born in Portugal
  69. ^ 2016 Census QuickStats – People in Australia who were born in Spain
  70. ^ [2016 Census QuickStats Country of Birth| – People in Australia who were born in China
  71. ^ 2016 Census QuickStats Country of Birth – People in Australia who were born in India
  72. ^ 2016 Census QuickStats Country of Birth – People in Australia who were born in Philippines
  73. ^ 2016 Census QuickStats Country of Birth – People in Australia who were born in Vietnam
  74. ^ 2016 Census QuickStats Country of Birth – People in Australia who were born in Malaysia
  75. ^ 2016 Census QuickStats Country of Birth – People in Australia who were born in Sri Lanka
  76. ^ 2016 Census QuickStats Country of Birth – People in Australia who were born in South Korea
  77. ^ 2016 Census QuickStats Country of Birth – People in Australia who were born in Hong Kong
  78. ^ 2016 Census QuickStats Country of Birth – People in Australia who were born in Lebanon
  79. ^ 2016 Census QuickStats Country of Birth – People in Australia who were born in Indonesia
  80. ^ 2016 Census QuickStats Country of Birth – People in Australia who were born in Iraq
  81. ^ 2016 Census QuickStats Country of Birth – People in Australia who were born in Thailand
  82. ^ 2016 Census QuickStats Country of Birth – People in Australia who were born in Pakistan
  83. ^ 2016 Census QuickStats Country of Birth – People in Australia who were born in Iran
  84. ^ 2016 Census QuickStats Country of Birth – People in Australia who were born in South Africa
  85. ^ 2016 Census QuickStats Country of Birth – People in Australia who were born in United States of America
  86. ^ 2016 Census QuickStats Country of Birth – People in Australia who were born in Canada
  87. ^ 2016 Census QuickStats Country of Birth – People in Australia who were born in Fiji
  88. ^ a b Birthplace – Ranked by size – Australia – Overseas born (Usual residence)
  89. ^ "Census 2016: Summary of result – Population by states and territories, 2011 and 2016 Census". Australian Bureau of Statistics. Australian Government.
  90. ^ "Census of Population and Housing: Reflecting Australia, Ancestry 2016". Australian Bureau of Statistics. Australian Government. Retrieved 16 May 2022.
  91. ^ "Feature Article – Ethnic and Cultural Diversity in Australia (Feature Article)". 1301.0 – Year Book Australia, 1995. Commonwealth of Australia. Australian Bureau of Statistics.
  92. ^ "2016 Census QuickStats: Norfolk Island – Ancestry, top responses". Australian Bureau of Statistics. Australian Government. Retrieved 7 June 2022.
  93. ^ Religion in Australia – 2016 Census Data Summary
  94. ^ "2016 Census data reveals "no religion" is rising fast" (Press release). Australian Bureau of Statistics. 27 June 2017. Archived from the original on 7 August 2017. Retrieved 2 October 2017.
  95. ^ "2071.0 – Census of Population and Housing: Reflecting Australia – Stories from the Census, 2016: Religion" (Excel (requires download)). 2016 Australian Census. Australian Bureau of Statistics. 20 July 2017. Retrieved 15 March 2018.
  96. ^ a b . 2071.0 – Reflecting a Nation: Stories from the 2011 Census, 2012–2013. Australian Bureau of Statistics. 21 June 2012. Archived from the original on 25 April 2016. Retrieved 27 June 2012.
  97. ^ Homelessness in Australia abc.net.au
  98. ^ a b Australian Bureau of statistics – abs.gov.au
  99. ^ Australian Census to offer 'other' option for gender question sbs.com.au
  100. ^ The Census Showed How Difficult It Is To Get Accurate Numbers On Sex And Gender Buzzfeed News

2016, australian, census, 17th, national, population, census, held, australia, census, officially, conducted, with, effect, tuesday, august, 2016, total, population, commonwealth, australia, counted, increase, cent, people, over, 2011, census, norfolk, island,. The 2016 Australian census was the 17th national population census held in Australia 1 The census was officially conducted with effect on Tuesday 9 August 2016 The total population of the Commonwealth of Australia was counted as 23 401 892 an increase of 8 8 per cent or 1 894 175 people over the 2011 census 2 Norfolk Island joined the census for the first time in 2016 adding 1 748 to the population 2016 Census 2011 9 August 2016 6 years ago 2016 08 09 2021 General informationCountryAustraliaAuthorityAustralian Bureau of StatisticsWebsiteabs gov au 2016 ResultsTotal population23 401 892 8 8 Most populous wbr state territoryNew South Wales 7 480 228 Least populous wbr state territoryJervis Bay 391 The ABS annual report revealed that 24 million in additional expenses accrued due to the outage on the census website 3 Results from the 2016 census were available to the public on 11 April 2017 from the Australian Bureau of Statistics website two months earlier than for any previous census The second release of data occurred on 27 June 2017 and a third data release was from 17 October 2017 4 5 Australia s next census took place in 2021 Contents 1 Scope 2 Collection methods 2 1 Online 3 Census questions 4 Population and dwellings 4 1 Other Territories 4 2 Age 5 Country of birth 6 Culture ancestry and language 6 1 Ancestry 6 2 External territories 7 Religion 7 1 Language 8 Homelessness 9 Gender 10 See also 11 Notes 12 ReferencesScope EditThe Australian Bureau of Statistics ABS states the aim of the 2016 Australian census is to count every person who spent Census night 9 August 2016 in Australia 6 The census covers every Australian state and mainland territory as well as the external territories of Christmas Island Cocos Keeling Islands and Norfolk Island It does not include the other external territories of Australia People who leave Australia but do not go through migration formalities are included counted as part of an Off Shore Statistical Areas Level 1 in Tasmania This includes those on oil and gas rigs near Australia and those at the Australian bases of the Australian Antarctic Territory Visitors to Australia are included regardless of how long they are staying for however those who have been in the country less than a year answer fewer questions on the census People who enter Australia but do not go through migration formalities are excluded This includes those on ships in Australian waters that remain on the ship at port Foreign diplomats and their families or those who travel on a diplomatic passport are excluded as per the Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations Those on vessels between Australian ports or planes between Australian airports are included 6 All private dwellings are counted Caravans in caravan parks and manufactured homes in manufactured home estates are counted if they are occupied Non private dwellings are included if they are occupied This includes hotels hospitals and prisons Non occupied residences of owners managers or caretakers are included and unoccupied self contained residences in retirement villages are included 6 Collection methods EditThe 2016 census had a response rate of 95 1 and a net undercount of 1 0 with 63 of people completing the Census online 7 In the period leading up to census date the Australian Government decided that the retention period for names and addresses would be increased to up to four years from 18 months in the 2006 and 2011 censuses leading to concerns about privacy and data security As such some Australian Senate crossbenchers from the Greens Nick Xenophon Team and Jacqui Lambie Network said they would not complete those specific sections of the census 8 despite the fines associated with incorrect completion of the census According to the Australian Bureau of Statistics the first release of census data became available to the public on the ABS website on 11 April 2017 two months earlier than for any previous census The second release of data occurred on 27 June 2017 and a third data release was from 17 October 2017 9 Online Edit ABS website message after the 2016 online census was shut down For the first time the ABS significantly favoured internet submission of census forms over the traditional paper forms claiming it expected more than 65 of Australians would complete the census online 10 Reflecting this new preference the tagline of the ad campaign for the census was the rhyming slogan Get online on August 9 11 12 Across many regions paper forms were no longer delivered by default to homes and households that wished to complete a paper census had to order such forms via an automated hotline Letters were sent to each dwelling with unique code numbers that people would need to either login to the census website or order a paper form if they preferred 13 By census night many households had still not received such a letter 14 Contrary to previous years where censuses were both delivered and retrieved from households by dedicated census employees in 2016 most of the paperwork relating to the census was delivered from and to the ABS by Australia Post The 2016 census was met by a significant controversy which meant that many Australians could not complete the census online on the designated census day 15 The ABS census website shut down at about 7 30 pm AEST on the night the census was to be completed According to the ABS throughout 9 August the census website received four denial of service attacks At 7 30 pm when the site was being heavily used a software failure meant that the ABS was unable to keep blocking the denial of service attacks leading to the failure of a router As a result the ABS decided to close down the system as a precaution The 15th Chief Statistician David Kalisch stated that no census data were compromised 16 17 18 The Australian Signals Directorate assisted the ABS to bring the infrastructure back online more than 24 hours after the closure 19 20 21 The census website was restored at 2 30 pm on 11 August 22 On the same day Australian Prime Minister Malcolm Turnbull stated his unhappiness over the event which had been a failure of the ABS with his expectation that heads will roll once a review was complete 23 Leader of the opposition Bill Shorten said that the 2016 census had been the worst run in the history of Australia 24 The ABS blamed service provider IBM for the failure in the online census saying that IBM had advised on the preparedness and resilience to DDoS attacks and had not offered any further protections that could be employed 25 On 31 August Parliament initiated an inquiry into the 2016 census 26 27 It released its findings on 24 November and found that no individual party was responsible but it was shared between the government IBM and the sub contractors 28 Prime Minister Malcolm Turnbull has confirmed that IBM made a very substantial financial settlement with the Commonwealth as compensation for the failure of the 2016 online Census 29 The census forms were able to be submitted online until 23 September Once collection was complete the ABS issued an announcement which confirmed that in spite of the initial online problems there was a preliminary response rate of more than 96 This consisted of 4 9 million over 58 online submissions and 3 5 million paper forms The preliminary response rate was similar to the previous two census response rates of 95 8 in 2006 and 96 5 in 2011 30 An independent panel established by the Australian Statistician to quality assure the data from the 2016 census found it was fit for purpose comparable to previous Australian and international censuses and can be used with confidence 31 32 The Independent Assurance Panel I established to provide extra assurance and transparency of Census data quality concluded that the 2016 Census data can be used with confidence David Kalisch Chief Statistician Census questions EditThe Census form had 51 questions relating to the characteristics of individuals plus an extra nine questions relating to households Of the sixty questions the following two questions were optional 33 What is the person s religion Does each person agree to his her name and address and other information on this form being kept by the National Archives of Australia and then made publicly available after 99 years Population and dwellings EditThe population counts for Australian states and territories were that New South Wales remains the most populous state with 7 480 228 people counted ahead of Victoria 5 926 624 and Queensland 4 703 193 Australian Capital Territory ACT experienced the largest population growth of any state or territory over the past five years with an increase of 11 2 while Tasmania had the smallest growth at 3 0 since the last census in 2011 34 Persons count based on place of usual residence on Census night States and territories Male Female Total change New South Wales 3 686 014 3 794 217 7 480 228 8 1 Victoria 2 908 077 3 018 549 5 926 624 10 7 Queensland 2 321 889 2 381 308 4 703 193 8 6 Western Australia 1 238 419 1 235 994 2 474 410 10 5 South Australia 825 997 850 652 1 676 653 5 0 Tasmania 249 478 260 482 509 965 3 0 Australian Capital Territory 195 739 201 653 397 397 11 2 Northern Territory 118 570 110 266 228 833 8 0 External Territories Christmas Island 1 130 712 1 843 Norfolk Island 819 930 1 748 Cocos Keeling Islands 268 273 544 Jervis Bay Territory 216 172 391 Commonwealth of Australia 11 546 638 11 855 248 23 401 892 8 8 Source 35 36 34 External territories 37 38 39 40 Other Territories Edit The inclusion of Norfolk Island in Other Territories was new for 2016 following an amendment to the Acts Interpretation Act 1901 In the 2016 Census there were 1 748 people compared with a population of 1 796 in 2011 Norfolk Island Government Census Of these 46 8 were male and 53 2 were female The enumeration of Norfolk Island was an area of special attention for the ABS Age Edit Age 2016 CensusNumber PercentageMedian age 38 0 4 years 1 464 779 6 3 5 9 years 1 502 646 6 4 10 14 years 1 397 183 6 0 15 19 years 1 421 595 6 1 20 24 years 1 566 793 6 7 25 29 years 1 664 602 7 1 30 34 years 1 703 847 7 3 35 39 years 1 561 679 6 7 40 44 years 1 583 257 6 8 45 49 years 1 581 455 6 8 50 54 years 1 523 551 6 5 55 59 years 1 454 332 6 2 60 64 years 1 299 397 5 6 65 69 years 1 188 999 5 1 70 74 years 887 716 3 8 75 79 years 652 657 2 8 80 84 years 460 549 2 0 85 years and over 486 842 2 1 Source Australian Bureau of Statistics 41 Country of birth EditOf all residents over two thirds 66 7 or 15 614 835 were born in Australia Over a quarter of the population 26 3 or 6 163 667 persons said they were born overseas plus 1 6 million did not state any response The proportion of overseas born people from Asia has increased from 33 in 2011 to 40 while Europe has declined from 40 in 2011 to 34 in 2016 Country of birth of Australian residents at 2016 census 42 However England 907 572 or 3 9 of Australia s population remains the most common country of birth followed by New Zealand 518 466 or 2 2 43 44 It was question 12 on the 2016 Census Household Paper Form 45 Proportion of overseas born population 46 England 14 7 New Zealand 8 4 China 8 3 India 7 4 Philippines 3 8 Vietnam 3 6 Italy 2 8 South Africa 2 6 Malaysia 2 2 Scotland 1 9 Others 44 3 Country of Birth Population Percent ofpopulation Ref s Australia 15 614 835 66 7 47 New South Wales 4 899 090 65 5 48 Victoria 3 845 493 64 9 49 Queensland 3 343 657 71 1 50 South Australia 1 192 546 71 1 51 Western Australia 1 492 842 60 3 52 Tasmania 411 490 80 7 53 Northern Territory 157 531 68 8 54 Australian Capital Territory 269 682 68 0 55 Total Overseas born 6 163 667 26 3 Oceania New Zealand 518 462 2 2 56 Europe England 907 572 3 9 43 Scotland 119 420 0 4 57 Wales 28 047 0 1 58 Northern Ireland 23 025 0 1 59 Italy 174 044 0 7 60 Germany 102 595 0 4 61 Greece 93 745 0 4 62 Republic of Ireland 74 895 0 4 63 Netherlands 70 174 0 3 64 Poland 45 365 0 2 65 Croatia 43 681 0 2 66 France 31 124 0 1 67 Portugal 15 809 0 1 68 Spain 15 396 0 1 69 Other European Countries Asia China a 509 557 2 2 70 India 455 388 1 9 71 Philippines 232 384 1 0 72 Vietnam 219 357 0 9 73 Malaysia 138 365 74 Sri Lanka 109 853 75 South Korea 98 775 0 4 76 Hong Kong 86 888 77 Lebanon 78 651 78 Indonesia 73 217 79 Iraq 67 355 80 Thailand 66 231 81 Pakistan 61 915 82 Iran 58 106 83 Africa South Africa 162 448 0 7 84 America United States 86 133 0 4 85 Canada 43 049 86 Polynesia Fiji 61 473 87 Not stated 1 636 000 7 0 88 Totals Australia 23 401 892 100 0 Source Bureau of Statistics 47 88 Culture ancestry and language EditAncestry Edit The highest reported ancestries in Australia and for the external territory of Norfolk Island as a percentage of population 89 Results of the ABS Census of Population and Housing 2016 are as follows 90 Ancestry Number PercentEnglish 7 852 224 36 1Australian N 1 7 298 243 33 5Irish 2 388 058 11 0Scottish 2 023 470 9 3Chinese 1 213 903 5 6Australian Bureau of StatisticsExternal territories Edit Norfolk IslandAncestry Number PercentageAustralian 553 22 8 English 543 22 4 Pitcairn 484 20 0 Scottish 145 6 0 Irish 125 5 2 Source 92 Australian Aboriginals and Torres Strait IslandersThere were 649 171 Indigenous Australians who made up 2 8 of Australia s population Religion EditReligious affiliation 2016 censusNumber PercentageChristian 12 201 600 52 1 Anglican 3 101 191 13 3 Baptist 345 142 1 5 Catholic Roman 5 291 830 22 6 Christianity defined and not defined 768 649 6 3 Eastern Orthodox Oriental Orthodoxy and Assyrian Apostolic 567 680 2 1 Jehovah s Witnesses 82 510 0 4 Latter day Saints 61 639 0 3 Lutheran 174 019 0 7 Pentecostal 260 560 1 1 Presbyterian and Reformed 524 338 2 3 Salvation Army 48 939 0 2 Seventh day Adventist 62 945 0 3 Uniting Church in Australia 870 183 3 7 Non Christian 1 464 162 6 3 Buddhism 563 674 2 4 Hinduism 440 330 1 9 Islam 604 420 2 6 Judaism 91 022 0 4 Sikhism 125 901 0 5 No Religion 7 040 717 30 1 Not stated or unclear 2 238 735 9 6 Australia 23 401 892 100 Source Australian Bureau of Statistics 93 94 95 96 Language Edit 80 7 spoke only English at home 19 3 spoke a language other than English at home The most common of these were Mandarin Italian Arabic Cantonese Greek Vietnamese 2 of the population could not speak English at all 96 Homelessness EditThe number of homeless people in Australia jumped by more than 14 000 or 14 per cent in the five years to 2016 according to census data The Australian Bureau of Statistics ABS said 116 000 people were homeless on census night in 2016 representing 50 homeless people per 10 000 97 The majority of homeless people in Australia were male 98 In addition Indigenous Australians and recent migrants were over represented among the homeless 98 Gender EditThe 2016 census was the first to offer an option other than male or female however this option was only available on a special version of the online form 99 100 Some trans people criticized the difficulty in accessing this alternative form The online nature of the census also prevented transmasculine people who checked the male box from answering questions about pregnancy and having children as it would automatically skip those questions See also Edit2016 in Australia 1911 Australian census Census in AustraliaNotes Edit excluding Special administrative regions of China SARs and Taiwan The Australian Bureau of Statistics has stated that most who nominate Australian as their ancestry have at least partial Anglo Celtic ancestry 91 References Edit 2016 Census Overview The 2016 Census was Australia s seventeenth national Census of Population and Housing Australian Bureau of Statistics Australian Government Retrieved 14 August 2022 Census 2016 Summary of results Australian Bureau of Statistics Australian Government Retrieved 14 August 2022 Year of CensusFail 24m blow out bad media and hundreds of injuries ABC News Australia 19 October 2017 Retrieved 20 October 2017 2011 0 55 001 Information Paper Census of Population and Housing Products and Services 2016 Australian Bureau of Statistics Australian Bureau of Statistics 22 December 2016 Retrieved 2 February 2017 2016 Census Data Australian Bureau of Statistics Australian Government Retrieved 26 August 2017 a b c Scope and coverage 2016 Census Australian Bureau of Statistics 23 August 2016 Retrieved 9 June 2021 2016 Census Australian Bureau of Statistics Australian Government 27 June 2017 Anderson Stephanie 9 August 2016 Census 2016 Christopher Pyne criticises politicians withholding details over privacy fears ABC News Australia Retrieved 18 August 2016 2011 0 55 001 Information Paper Census of Population and Housing Products and Services 2016 Australian Bureau of Statistics Australian Bureau of Statistics 22 December 2016 Retrieved 2 February 2017 Get ready to get digital with the 2016 Census Press release Australian Bureau of Statistics 9 August 2015 Official Ad From Australian Bureau of Statistics YouTube permanent dead link Get online on August 9 Australian Bureau of Statistics Australian Government 9 August 2016 Retrieved 10 August 2016 Martin Peter 9 August 2015 Census 2016 to be 100 million cheaper and all digital on August 9 The Sydney Morning Herald Retrieved 9 August 2015 Smith Lucy 9 August 2016 Census delay for residents without letters Mackay Daily Mercury Retrieved 11 February 2018 Borrello Eliza 9 August 2015 Census goes digital 2016 survey to be delivered online for speed convenience ABC News Australia Retrieved 9 August 2015 Census How the Government says the website meltdown unfolded ABC News 10 August 2016 Retrieved 11 August 2016 2016 Census 9 August online form outage update Australian Bureau of Statistics Press release 10 August 2016 Retrieved 10 August 2016 Australian census attacked by hackers BBC News 10 August 2016 Retrieved 10 August 2016 Census website still down after cyber attacks ABC News 10 August 2016 Retrieved 10 August 2016 Review of the events surrounding the 2016 eCensus Improving institutional cyber security culture and practices across the Australian government Alastair MacGibbon Special Adviser to the Prime Minister on Cyber Security Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet Australian Parliament 13 October 2016 Retrieved 13 October 2016 ABS Chief Statistician reveals to ABC NewsRadio the census website was taken down after four cyber attacks from an overseas source ABC News Australia 10 August 2016 Retrieved 10 August 2016 2016 Census Online form update 3 00 pm August 11 Press release Australian Bureau of Statistics 11 August 2016 Retrieved 11 August 2016 Angry PM slams ABS failure as census website goes back online ABC News 10 August 2016 Retrieved 11 August 2016 Vickey Kara Wilson Gemma 10 August 2016 Census hacking Privacy Commissioner investigates as Nick Xenophon calls for Senate inquiry news com au Retrieved 13 August 2016 Census 2016 ABS targets service provider IBM over botched survey ABC News Australia 23 September 2016 Retrieved 16 November 2016 2016 Census Inquiry Australian Parliament House Australian Parliament House Retrieved 24 September 2016 2016 Census Senate Inquiry Report Australian Parliament Retrieved 26 August 2017 Government IBM and ABS all criticised as Census failure reports released Financial Review Australia 24 November 2016 Retrieved 26 November 2016 Cowan Paris 25 November 2016 IBM paid very substantial compensation for Census failure itnews com au nextmedia Pty Ltd Retrieved 17 March 2021 Australia records more than 96 per cent preliminary response rate for the 2016 Census Australian Bureau of Statistics Australian Government 11 October 2016 Retrieved 26 November 2016 Census quality independent assurance abs gov au 27 June 2017 Retrieved 26 August 2017 2016 Census Australian Bureau of Statistics Australian Government 27 June 2017 2016 Census Household Form sample PDF Australian Bureau of Statistics Australian Government 2016 a b Census 2016 Summary of result Population by states and territories 2011 and 2016 Census 2016 Census QuickStats ABS 2016 Census Data in pictures 2016 Census QuickStats Jervis Bay 2016 Census QuickStats Cocos Keeling Islands 2016 Census QuickStats Christmas Island 2016 Census QuickStats Norfolk Island 2016 Census QuickStats Australia censusdata abs gov au 2017 Retrieved 7 June 2022 Country of birth 2016 census abs gov au Australian Bureau of Statistics Retrieved 30 January 2016 a b 2016 Census QuickStats Country of Birth People in Australia who were born in England 2016 Census QuickStats Country of Birth People in Australia who were born in England abs gov au Retrieved 7 June 2022 2016 Census Country of Birth abs gov au Retrieved 7 June 2022 Census of Population and Housing Reflecting Australia Stories from the Census 2016 abs gov au Retrieved 7 June 2022 a b 2016 Census QuickStats Australia 2016 Census QuickStats New South Wales 2016 Census QuickStats Victoria 2016 Census QuickStats Queensland 2016 Census QuickStats South Australia 2016 Census QuickStats Western Australia 2016 Census QuickStats Tasmania 2016 Census QuickStats Northern Territory 2016 Census QuickStats Australian Capital Territory 2016 Census QuickStats Country of Birth People in Australia who were born in New Zealand 2016 Census QuickStats Country of Birth Scotland 2016 Census QuickStats Country of Birth Wales 2016 Census QuickStats Country of Birth People in Australia who were born in Northern Ireland 2016 Census QuickStats Country of Birth People in Australia who were born in Italy 2016 Census QuickStats Country of Birth 2016 Census QuickStats Country of Birth People in Australia who were born in Greece 2016 Census QuickStats People in Australia who were born in Ireland 2016 Census QuickStats People in Australia who were born in Netherlands 2016 Census QuickStats People in Australia who were born in Poland 2016 Census QuickStats People in Australia who were born in Croatia 2016 Census QuickStats People in Australia who were born in France 2016 Census QuickStats People in Australia who were born in Portugal 2016 Census QuickStats People in Australia who were born in Spain 2016 Census QuickStats Country of Birth People in Australia who were born in China 2016 Census QuickStats Country of Birth People in Australia who were born in India 2016 Census QuickStats Country of Birth People in Australia who were born in Philippines 2016 Census QuickStats Country of Birth People in Australia who were born in Vietnam 2016 Census QuickStats Country of Birth People in Australia who were born in Malaysia 2016 Census QuickStats Country of Birth People in Australia who were born in Sri Lanka 2016 Census QuickStats Country of Birth People in Australia who were born in South Korea 2016 Census QuickStats Country of Birth People in Australia who were born in Hong Kong 2016 Census QuickStats Country of Birth People in Australia who were born in Lebanon 2016 Census QuickStats Country of Birth People in Australia who were born in Indonesia 2016 Census QuickStats Country of Birth People in Australia who were born in Iraq 2016 Census QuickStats Country of Birth People in Australia who were born in Thailand 2016 Census QuickStats Country of Birth People in Australia who were born in Pakistan 2016 Census QuickStats Country of Birth People in Australia who were born in Iran 2016 Census QuickStats Country of Birth People in Australia who were born in South Africa 2016 Census QuickStats Country of Birth People in Australia who were born in United States of America 2016 Census QuickStats Country of Birth People in Australia who were born in Canada 2016 Census QuickStats Country of Birth People in Australia who were born in Fiji a b Birthplace Ranked by size Australia Overseas born Usual residence Census 2016 Summary of result Population by states and territories 2011 and 2016 Census Australian Bureau of Statistics Australian Government Census of Population and Housing Reflecting Australia Ancestry 2016 Australian Bureau of Statistics Australian Government Retrieved 16 May 2022 Feature Article Ethnic and Cultural Diversity in Australia Feature Article 1301 0 Year Book Australia 1995 Commonwealth of Australia Australian Bureau of Statistics 2016 Census QuickStats Norfolk Island Ancestry top responses Australian Bureau of Statistics Australian Government Retrieved 7 June 2022 Religion in Australia 2016 Census Data Summary 2016 Census data reveals no religion is rising fast Press release Australian Bureau of Statistics 27 June 2017 Archived from the original on 7 August 2017 Retrieved 2 October 2017 2071 0 Census of Population and Housing Reflecting Australia Stories from the Census 2016 Religion Excel requires download 2016 Australian Census Australian Bureau of Statistics 20 July 2017 Retrieved 15 March 2018 a b Cultural diversity in Australia 2071 0 Reflecting a Nation Stories from the 2011 Census 2012 2013 Australian Bureau of Statistics 21 June 2012 Archived from the original on 25 April 2016 Retrieved 27 June 2012 Homelessness in Australia abc net au a b Australian Bureau of statistics abs gov au Australian Census to offer other option for gender question sbs com au The Census Showed How Difficult It Is To Get Accurate Numbers On Sex And Gender Buzzfeed News Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title 2016 Australian census amp oldid 1122676123, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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