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Valle Latina

April 30, 2024

Valle Latina (English: "Latin Valley") is an Italian geographical and historical region that extends from the south of Rome to Cassino,[1][2][3] corresponding to the eastern area of ancient Roman Latium.

Valle Latina
Isola del Liri (FR), Valle Latina
Geography
LocationItaly, Lazio, Frosinone
RiversSacco ; Liri

The valley's principal cities are Frosinone, Cassino, Sora, Grottaferrata, Anagni, Alatri.

History edit

Ancient edit

 
Richard Wilson – Cicero with his friend Atticus and brother Quintus, at his villa at Arpinum

According to the tradition, in 496 BC the Romans defeated their Latin rivals in the Battle of Lake Regillus and imposed their dominion over the Latium vetus, corresponding in part to the northern area of the current Latin Valley. In the following centuries, the center and south of the Valley was the heart of Latin colonization in Roman times. Unlike the coastal areas where small Roman colonies were founded, the inland areas saw the creation of diverse and densely populated Latin colonies. The Latins and Romans mixed with the pre-existing Osco-Umbrian-speaking populations, in particular the Hernici, with their capital Anagni,[4] and the Volsci in Frosinone and in the Liri Valley.[5] Further south, the Oscan city of Casinum (Cassino)[6][7] had been conquered by Volsci, Samnites and finally Romans.[8][9][10] Within its territory (ager casinas) the Romans founded the colony of Interamna Lirenas. Other important Latin colonies in the region were Sora and Fregellae. The Latin-Roman colonization coincided with the creation of the Latium adiectum and the Via Latina. The Via Latina started from Porta Capena in Rome, passing through the Porta Latina, then continued south-east, crossing the Alban Hills (High Valle Latina), the Valle del Sacco (Middle Valle Latina) and the Valle del Liri up to Cassino (Lower Latin Valley), the last city of the Latins[11] and the current Latin Valley, to then enter Campania and end in Capua. With the territorial reorganization of Italy under Augustus, the area was incorporated into the Regio I Latium et Campania, a territorial institution that will remain in force until the fall of the Western Roman Empire in 476 AD.

Middle Ages and Modern era edit

 
Castle of Monte San Giovanni Campano

At the end of the 5th century the Valley, along with the rest of the Peninsula, became part of the Ostrogothic Kingdom. Around the year 529, St. Benedict of Norcia founded the Abbey of Monte Cassino[12] on the summit of Montecassino, on the southern edge of the Latin Valley, which represented a point of reference for the Christian identity of Western Europe. A few years later, in 535, the Greek-Gothic war broke out and ended in 553 with the Byzantine victory. With the subsequent Lombard invasion, the political unity of the Latin Valley was compromised: the Lower Latin Valley was incorporated into the Lombard Duchy of Benevento, to then follow the history of southern Italy, while the Upper and Middle Valle remained in the Roman Duchy and therefore the subsequent Church State. Anyway, in the southern area of the Latin Valley, autonomous feudal territories were formed that were able to shape their own and separate identity. Particular attention should therefore be paid, in this regard, to the Terra Sancti Benedicti[13] and the Duchy of Sora. The hopes of municipal autonomy of the main cities of the Middle Latin Valley, including for example Ferentino and Alatri, as well as others in the neighboring regions, but in any case subject to papal authority, pushed Innocent III to establish the Province of Campagna e Marittima in the XII century.

Cultural heritage edit

 
Arpino

In the Valley there are numerous small towns of great artistic and cultural importance. A quick and incomplete presentation is given here. In addition to the aforementioned Abbey of Monte Cassino, the city of Cassino preserves the remains of the ancient Casinum and in particular an amphitheater dating back to the 1st century AD, a Roman theater (still in use) and a section of the Via Latina.

A little further north, in Roccasecca, there are the remains of the castle of the Counts of Aquino where St. Thomas Aquinas was born. In Monte San Giovanni Campano, on the right bank of the Liri, the castle where the saint was imprisoned by his family is preserved in excellent condition. The city of Arpino is particularly known for being the birthplace of Marcus Tullius Cicero and Gaius Marius, in the sixteenth century, Giuseppe Cesari, known as the Cavalier d'Arpino. The city retains a perfectly preserved historic center, as well as megalithic walls that rise in the acropolis. It is also an important center for contemporary art thanks to the Umberto Mastroianni Foundation. Further north, in the High Latin Valley, in Grottaferrata, there is the Abbey of Santa Maria di Grottaferrata.

Gallery edit

References edit

  1. ^ Giuseppe Ponzi, Osservazioni geologiche fatte lungo la Valle Latina, Roma, 1849
  2. ^ Sabrina Pietrobono, I monasteri della Media Valle Latina (Frosinone): aspetti topografici e scelte insediative, in Letizia Ermini Pani, Committenza, scelte insediative e organizzazione patrimoniale nel Medioevo, Atti del Convegno di studio, Tergu 15-17 settembre 2006, Centro Italiano di Studi sull'Alto Medioevo, Spoleto, 2007, p. 472
  3. ^ Antonello Angelucci, La serie miocenica nella media Valle Latina (Frosinone) 2023-10-04 at the Wayback Machine, in "Geologica Romana", V, 1966
  4. ^ Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Hernici". Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.).
  5. ^ Volsci 2020-10-30 at the Wayback Machine, Enciclopedia Treccani
  6. ^ L'Italia preromana. I siti laziali: Cassino 2021-05-16 at the Wayback Machine, in Il Mondo dell'Archeologia (Treccani), 2004
  7. ^ "Casinum", The Oxford Classical Dictionary, New York 1999
  8. ^ L'Italia preromana. I siti laziali: Cassino 2021-05-16 at the Wayback Machine, in Il Mondo dell'Archeologia (Treccani), 2004
  9. ^ "Casinum", The Oxford Classical Dictionary, New York 1999
  10. ^ Varro, De lingua latina, VII,29
  11. ^ Strabo, Geographica, V, 3,9.
  12. ^ On the history of Monte Cassino: Herbert Bloch, Monte Cassino in the Middle Ages, Harvard University Press / Edizioni di storia e letteratura, 1986.
  13. ^ L. Fabiani, La terra di S. Benedetto: studio storico giuridico sull'Abbazia di Montecassino dall’VIII al XIII secolo, Badia di Montecassino, 1968, rist. anastatica, Isola del Liri

Bibliography edit

  • Giuseppe Ponzi, Osservazioni geologiche fatte lungo la Valle Latina, Roma, 1849
  • Sabrina Pietrobono, La Media Valle Latina: castelli e viabilità in una zona di frontiera, Società degli Archeologi Medievisti Italiani, 2006
  • Sabrina Pietrobono, I monasteri della Media Valle Latina (Frosinone): aspetti topografici e scelte insediative, in Letizia Ermini Pani, Committenza, scelte insediative e organizzazione patrimoniale nel Medioevo, Atti del Convegno di studio, Tergu 15-17 settembre 2006, Centro Italiano di Studi sull'Alto Medioevo, Spoleto, 2007
  • Italy, Volume 1, Naval Intelligence Division (of the United Kingdom), 1944, p. 292

See also edit

April 30, 2024
valle, latina, english, latin, valley, italian, geographical, historical, region, that, extends, from, south, rome, cassino, corresponding, eastern, area, ancient, roman, latium, isola, liri, geographylocationitaly, lazio, frosinoneriverssacco, liri, valley, p. Valle Latina English Latin Valley is an Italian geographical and historical region that extends from the south of Rome to Cassino 1 2 3 corresponding to the eastern area of ancient Roman Latium Valle LatinaIsola del Liri FR Valle LatinaGeographyLocationItaly Lazio FrosinoneRiversSacco Liri The valley s principal cities are Frosinone Cassino Sora Grottaferrata Anagni Alatri Contents 1 History 1 1 Ancient 1 2 Middle Ages and Modern era 2 Cultural heritage 3 Gallery 4 References 5 Bibliography 6 See alsoHistory editAncient edit nbsp Richard Wilson Cicero with his friend Atticus and brother Quintus at his villa at Arpinum According to the tradition in 496 BC the Romans defeated their Latin rivals in the Battle of Lake Regillus and imposed their dominion over the Latium vetus corresponding in part to the northern area of the current Latin Valley In the following centuries the center and south of the Valley was the heart of Latin colonization in Roman times Unlike the coastal areas where small Roman colonies were founded the inland areas saw the creation of diverse and densely populated Latin colonies The Latins and Romans mixed with the pre existing Osco Umbrian speaking populations in particular the Hernici with their capital Anagni 4 and the Volsci in Frosinone and in the Liri Valley 5 Further south the Oscan city of Casinum Cassino 6 7 had been conquered by Volsci Samnites and finally Romans 8 9 10 Within its territory ager casinas the Romans founded the colony of Interamna Lirenas Other important Latin colonies in the region were Sora and Fregellae The Latin Roman colonization coincided with the creation of the Latium adiectum and the Via Latina The Via Latina started from Porta Capena in Rome passing through the Porta Latina then continued south east crossing the Alban Hills High Valle Latina the Valle del Sacco Middle Valle Latina and the Valle del Liri up to Cassino Lower Latin Valley the last city of the Latins 11 and the current Latin Valley to then enter Campania and end in Capua With the territorial reorganization of Italy under Augustus the area was incorporated into the Regio I Latium et Campania a territorial institution that will remain in force until the fall of the Western Roman Empire in 476 AD Middle Ages and Modern era edit nbsp Castle of Monte San Giovanni Campano At the end of the 5th century the Valley along with the rest of the Peninsula became part of the Ostrogothic Kingdom Around the year 529 St Benedict of Norcia founded the Abbey of Monte Cassino 12 on the summit of Montecassino on the southern edge of the Latin Valley which represented a point of reference for the Christian identity of Western Europe A few years later in 535 the Greek Gothic war broke out and ended in 553 with the Byzantine victory With the subsequent Lombard invasion the political unity of the Latin Valley was compromised the Lower Latin Valley was incorporated into the Lombard Duchy of Benevento to then follow the history of southern Italy while the Upper and Middle Valle remained in the Roman Duchy and therefore the subsequent Church State Anyway in the southern area of the Latin Valley autonomous feudal territories were formed that were able to shape their own and separate identity Particular attention should therefore be paid in this regard to the Terra Sancti Benedicti 13 and the Duchy of Sora The hopes of municipal autonomy of the main cities of the Middle Latin Valley including for example Ferentino and Alatri as well as others in the neighboring regions but in any case subject to papal authority pushed Innocent III to establish the Province of Campagna e Marittima in the XII century Cultural heritage edit nbsp Arpino In the Valley there are numerous small towns of great artistic and cultural importance A quick and incomplete presentation is given here In addition to the aforementioned Abbey of Monte Cassino the city of Cassino preserves the remains of the ancient Casinum and in particular an amphitheater dating back to the 1st century AD a Roman theater still in use and a section of the Via Latina A little further north in Roccasecca there are the remains of the castle of the Counts of Aquino where St Thomas Aquinas was born In Monte San Giovanni Campano on the right bank of the Liri the castle where the saint was imprisoned by his family is preserved in excellent condition The city of Arpino is particularly known for being the birthplace of Marcus Tullius Cicero and Gaius Marius in the sixteenth century Giuseppe Cesari known as the Cavalier d Arpino The city retains a perfectly preserved historic center as well as megalithic walls that rise in the acropolis It is also an important center for contemporary art thanks to the Umberto Mastroianni Foundation Further north in the High Latin Valley in Grottaferrata there is the Abbey of Santa Maria di Grottaferrata Gallery edit nbsp Isola del Liri nbsp Arpino nbsp Monte Cassino nbsp Cassino Roman Amphitheatre nbsp Sora nbsp Ferentino DuomoReferences edit Giuseppe Ponzi Osservazioni geologiche fatte lungo la Valle Latina Roma 1849 Sabrina Pietrobono I monasteri della Media Valle Latina Frosinone aspetti topografici e scelte insediative in Letizia Ermini Pani Committenza scelte insediative e organizzazione patrimoniale nel Medioevo Atti del Convegno di studio Tergu 15 17 settembre 2006 Centro Italiano di Studi sull Alto Medioevo Spoleto 2007 p 472 Antonello Angelucci La serie miocenica nella media Valle Latina Frosinone Archived 2023 10 04 at the Wayback Machine in Geologica Romana V 1966 Chisholm Hugh ed 1911 Hernici Encyclopaedia Britannica 11th ed Volsci Archived 2020 10 30 at the Wayback Machine Enciclopedia Treccani L Italia preromana I siti laziali Cassino Archived 2021 05 16 at the Wayback Machine in Il Mondo dell Archeologia Treccani 2004 Casinum The Oxford Classical Dictionary New York 1999 L Italia preromana I siti laziali Cassino Archived 2021 05 16 at the Wayback Machine in Il Mondo dell Archeologia Treccani 2004 Casinum The Oxford Classical Dictionary New York 1999 Varro De lingua latina VII 29 Strabo Geographica V 3 9 On the history of Monte Cassino Herbert Bloch Monte Cassino in the Middle Ages Harvard University Press Edizioni di storia e letteratura 1986 L Fabiani La terra di S Benedetto studio storico giuridico sull Abbazia di Montecassino dall VIII al XIII secolo Badia di Montecassino 1968 rist anastatica Isola del LiriBibliography editGiuseppe Ponzi Osservazioni geologiche fatte lungo la Valle Latina Roma 1849 Sabrina Pietrobono La Media Valle Latina castelli e viabilita in una zona di frontiera Societa degli Archeologi Medievisti Italiani 2006 Sabrina Pietrobono I monasteri della Media Valle Latina Frosinone aspetti topografici e scelte insediative in Letizia Ermini Pani Committenza scelte insediative e organizzazione patrimoniale nel Medioevo Atti del Convegno di studio Tergu 15 17 settembre 2006 Centro Italiano di Studi sull Alto Medioevo Spoleto 2007 Italy Volume 1 Naval Intelligence Division of the United Kingdom 1944 p 292See also editLatium Via Latina Latins Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Valle Latina amp oldid 1221047710, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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