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The Terra Sancti Benedicti ("Land of Saint Benedict") was the secular territory, or seignory, of the powerful Abbey of Montecassino, the chief monastery of the Mezzogiorno and one of the first Western monasteries: founded by Benedict of Nursia himself, hence the name of its possessions. It lasted from the 8th to the 19th century.
The "Terra Sancti Benedicti" was part of larger states, according to the historical succession, from the Duchy of Benevento to the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies. Despite the wide autonomy it enjoyed in some periods, it was never, neither de jure nor de facto, an independent state, as were the Italian city-states of Northern and Central Italy. The nature of the dominion of the Abbey of Montecassino has sometimes been improperly assimilated to these Italian states. The "Terra Sancti Benedicti" is therefore an integral part of the Terra di Lavoro and has always followed its political vicissitudes.[1]
History
The foundation of the Terra Sancti Benedicti can be traced back to the large donation of land made in 744 to the monastery by the Gisulf II of Benevento. The donation was probably of both a religious and political nature: thus an alliance between the Church and the Duchy of Benevento was guaranteed to defend each other. In the following centuries, monasteries, churches and castles with annexed possessions were gradually offered to the monastery, even overseas, through concessions and donations made by nobles, emperors and popes, reaching eighty thousand hectares.[2]
The history of the territories linked to the Benedictine Abbey can be divided into three main phases which correspond to three different approaches to the control of the territory: first the age of the Manorialism, then that of the "castrum" and finally that of the development of the "universitas civium". Subsequently, the Abbey progressively loses its historical temporal power.[3]
After these phases of development, the loss of power by Montecassino and the fading of the territory it had controlled into larger organisms began with alternating events. An earthquake destroyed the Abbey in 1349 and, although it soon returned to its function, the event can be considered an important watershed. In the 14th century, the Papal States tried to limit the abbey ecclesiastical jurisdiction placing a bishop at San Germano, but the abbots managed to maintain many prerogatives thanks to Pope Urban V.[1]
The official end of the feudal lordship came in 1806 with the abolition of feudal rights in the Kingdom of Naples sanctioned by the so-called "laws of subversion of feudality".[1]
With the loss of temporal power, the jurisdiction of the abbey over the surrounding territory remained only ecclesiastical, as a territorial abbey: the abbots were equated in their functions with diocesan bishops, even if in most cases they were not awarded the episcopal character.[3]
References
^ abcSammartino, Guglielma. L’organizzazione territoriale benedettina e le fasi dell’incastellamento nella Terra Sancti Benedicti (in Italian). Studi Cassinati.
^Pistilli, Emilio. I confini della Terra di San Benedetto, dalla donazione di Gisulfo al sec. XI, Cassino (in Italian). Centro Documentazione e Studi Cassinati.
^ abFabiani, Luigi. La terra di S. Benedetto: studio storico giuridico sull'Abbazia di Montecassino dall’VIII al XIII secolo (in Italian).
Sources
The papacy and the Terra Sancti Benedicti.
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You can help expand this article with text translated from the corresponding article in Neapolitan September 2020 Click show for important translation instructions Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low quality If possible verify the text with references provided in the foreign language article You must provide copyright attribution in the edit summary accompanying your translation by providing an interlanguage link to the source of your translation A model attribution edit summary is Content in this edit is translated from the existing Neapolitan Wikipedia article at nap Terra de Sand Beneditt see its history for attribution You should also add the template Translated nap Terra de Sand Beneditt to the talk page For more guidance see Wikipedia Translation You can help expand this article with text translated from the corresponding article in Italian September 2020 Click show for important translation instructions View a machine translated version of the Italian article Machine translation like DeepL or Google Translate is a useful starting point for translations but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate rather than simply copy pasting machine translated text into the English Wikipedia Consider adding a topic to this template there are already 2 988 articles in the main category and specifying topic will aid in categorization Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low quality If possible verify the text with references provided in the foreign language article You must provide copyright attribution in the edit summary accompanying your translation by providing an interlanguage link to the source of your translation A model attribution edit summary is Content in this edit is translated from the existing Italian Wikipedia article at it Terra di San Benedetto see its history for attribution You should also add the template Translated it Terra di San Benedetto to the talk page For more guidance see Wikipedia Translation The Terra Sancti Benedicti Land of Saint Benedict was the secular territory or seignory of the powerful Abbey of Montecassino the chief monastery of the Mezzogiorno and one of the first Western monasteries founded by Benedict of Nursia himself hence the name of its possessions It lasted from the 8th to the 19th century Rocca Janula CassinoThe Terra Sancti Benedicti was part of larger states according to the historical succession from the Duchy of Benevento to the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies Despite the wide autonomy it enjoyed in some periods it was never neither de jure nor de facto an independent state as were the Italian city states of Northern and Central Italy The nature of the dominion of the Abbey of Montecassino has sometimes been improperly assimilated to these Italian states The Terra Sancti Benedicti is therefore an integral part of the Terra di Lavoro and has always followed its political vicissitudes 1 History EditThe foundation of the Terra Sancti Benedicti can be traced back to the large donation of land made in 744 to the monastery by the Gisulf II of Benevento The donation was probably of both a religious and political nature thus an alliance between the Church and the Duchy of Benevento was guaranteed to defend each other In the following centuries monasteries churches and castles with annexed possessions were gradually offered to the monastery even overseas through concessions and donations made by nobles emperors and popes reaching eighty thousand hectares 2 The history of the territories linked to the Benedictine Abbey can be divided into three main phases which correspond to three different approaches to the control of the territory first the age of the Manorialism then that of the castrum and finally that of the development of the universitas civium Subsequently the Abbey progressively loses its historical temporal power 3 After these phases of development the loss of power by Montecassino and the fading of the territory it had controlled into larger organisms began with alternating events An earthquake destroyed the Abbey in 1349 and although it soon returned to its function the event can be considered an important watershed In the 14th century the Papal States tried to limit the abbey ecclesiastical jurisdiction placing a bishop at San Germano but the abbots managed to maintain many prerogatives thanks to Pope Urban V 1 The official end of the feudal lordship came in 1806 with the abolition of feudal rights in the Kingdom of Naples sanctioned by the so called laws of subversion of feudality 1 With the loss of temporal power the jurisdiction of the abbey over the surrounding territory remained only ecclesiastical as a territorial abbey the abbots were equated in their functions with diocesan bishops even if in most cases they were not awarded the episcopal character 3 References Edit a b c Sammartino Guglielma L organizzazione territoriale benedettina e le fasi dell incastellamento nella Terra Sancti Benedicti in Italian Studi Cassinati Pistilli Emilio I confini della Terra di San Benedetto dalla donazione di Gisulfo al sec XI Cassino in Italian Centro Documentazione e Studi Cassinati a b Fabiani Luigi La terra di S Benedetto studio storico giuridico sull Abbazia di Montecassino dall VIII al XIII secolo in Italian Sources EditThe papacy and the Terra Sancti Benedicti This Lazio location article is a stub You can help Wikipedia by expanding it vte Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Terra Sancti Benedicti amp oldid 1162886986, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
