The Sansculottides (French pronunciation:[sɑ̃kylɔtid]; also Epagomènes; French: Sans-culottides, Sanculottides, jours complémentaires, jours épagomènes) are holidays following the last month of the year on the French Republican calendar which was used following the French Revolution from approximately 1793 to 1805.
The Sansculottides, named after the sans-culottes, append the twelve, 30-day months of the Republican Calendar with five complementary days in a common year or six complementary days in a leap year, so that the calendar year would approximately match the tropical year. They follow the last day of Fructidor, the last month of the year, and precede the first day of Vendémiaire.
Each of the Sansculottides were assigned as one of the ten days of the week. Even though the five or six days were less than a full week, the following 1 Vendémiaire would still be a primidi, skipping four or five days of the week. The Sansculottides belong to the summer quarter. They begin on 17 or 18 September and approximately the end on the autumn equinox, on 22 or 23 September on the Gregorian calendar.
Conversion between Republican and Gregorian calendar for the years I - XIV
In the decree of 5 October 1793 (le 14 du 1er mois de l'an II; later: le 14 Vendémiaire de l'an II) by the National Convention, the days following the last month of the year were named jours complémentaires and numbered serially. Only the leap day (jour intercalaire) received a name:
1. premier jour complémentaire — First Complementary Day
2. second jour complémentaire — Second Complementary Day
3. troisième jour complémentaire — Third Complementary Day
4. quatrième jour complémentaire — Fourth Complementary Day
5. cinquième jour complémentaire — Fifth Complementary Day
6. jour de la Révolution — Revolution Day
The other days, decades, and months were also serially numbered.
On 24 October (le 3 du 2e mois; later: le 3 Brumaire) of the same year, the poet Philippe-François-Nazaire Fabre, known as Fabre d'Églantine, made public his dislike of this naming convention ("le premier jour de la première décade du premier mois de la première année"). He suggested proper names for the months, the days of the months, and the days of the decades. For the jours complémentaires, he introduced the name Sansculottides. The individual days should have the following names:
1. fête du génie — Celebration of Talent
2. fête du travail — Celebration of Labour
3. fête des actions — Celebration of Policy
4. fête des récompenses — Celebration of Honors
5. fête de l’opinion — Celebration of Convictions
6. la Sans-culottide / la Sanculottide — (rough meaning:) "Day of the Revolutionary"
According to the proposal by Fabre d'Églantine:
The fête du génie should be dedicated to the most precious and, for the nation, most useful achievements of the human mind accomplished in the past year.
The fête du travail should be focused on industry, physical labour, and production of useful things.
On the fête des actions, good and beneficial policies should be praised that have been helpful, even if only of benefit to individuals rather than to the nation.
On the fête des récompenses, people should be rewarded for the merits exemplifying the previous three days' mottos.
On the fête de l’opinion, people should criticise the administration, without fear of punishment, in the form of songs, caricatures, and ironic and sarcastic speeches. By this, d'Églantine meant: "I dare to say that this one day will cause public servants to do their duty more than even the laws of a Draco ever could."
The Sanculottide, celebrated in leap years, should be the celebration of national unity. Representatives from all parts of the country should meet each other in the capital and celebrate together.
On 24 November 1793 these proposals were accepted with slight modifications. It was decided that the name should be written fêtes Sansculotides (one 't'). The alternate spellings Sans-culotides and Sans-culottides were also used. The fête des actions was shifted to the first place and named fête de la vertu. The fête des récompenses went to the last place and the leap year day regained its old name:
1. fête de la vertu — Celebration of Virtue
2. fête du génie — Celebration of Talent
3. fête du travail — Celebration of Labour
4. fête de l’opinion — Celebration of Convictions
5. fête des récompenses — Celebration of Honors
6. fête de la Révolution — Celebration of the Revolution
On 24 August 1795 (le 7 Fructidor de l'an III), the Sansculottides were renamed again to jours complémentaires (Complementary Days). The fête du travail was also known as the fête du labour. The fête de l'opinion was also termed fête de l'option (Celebration of Choice) or fête de la raison (Celebration of Reason).
The Basque translation of the calendar for 1799[1] simply names the bethagail-egunak as bethagail-legun, bethagail-bigun,... ("complementary primidi", "complementary duodi",...).
Conversion tableedit
Table for conversion between Republican and Gregorian Calendar referring to the "Sansculottides"
Common Years
I.
II.
IV.
V.
VI.
Fête de la vertu
Fête du génie
Fête du travail
Fête de l'opinion
Fête des recompenses
17
18
19
20
21
September
1793
1794
1796
1797
1798
Leap Years
III.
VII.
Fête de la vertu
Fête du génie
Fête du travail
Fête de l'opinion
Fête des recompenses
Fête de la révolution
17
18
19
20
21
22
September
1795
1799
VIII.
IX.
X.
XII.
XIII.
Fête de la vertu
Fête du génie
Fête du travail
Fête de l'opinion
Fête des recompenses
18
19
20
21
22
September
1800
1801
1802
1804
1805
XI.
Fête de la vertu
Fête du génie
Fête du travail
Fête de l'opinion
Fête des recompenses
Fête de la révolution
18
19
20
21
22
23
September
1803
Referencesedit
^Revolución Francesa (La Revolución en el País Vasco continental): El Euskera en la Revolución, by Eugéne Goyenetche, in the Spanish-language Auñamendi Encyclopedia. It references Franciaco Republicaren Çaspigarren Ourtheco Qhoundaderra ("The [calendar?] of the year VII of the Republic of France")
External linksedit
Summer Quarter of Year II (facsimile)
Decree concerning the Republican Calendar, October 5, 1793 (facsimile)
April 27, 2024
sansculottides, french, pronunciation, kylɔtid, also, epagomènes, french, sans, culottides, sanculottides, jours, complémentaires, jours, épagomènes, holidays, following, last, month, year, french, republican, calendar, which, used, following, french, revoluti. The Sansculottides French pronunciation sɑ kylɔtid also Epagomenes French Sans culottides Sanculottides jours complementaires jours epagomenes are holidays following the last month of the year on the French Republican calendar which was used following the French Revolution from approximately 1793 to 1805 The Sansculottides named after the sans culottes append the twelve 30 day months of the Republican Calendar with five complementary days in a common year or six complementary days in a leap year so that the calendar year would approximately match the tropical year They follow the last day of Fructidor the last month of the year and precede the first day of Vendemiaire Each of the Sansculottides were assigned as one of the ten days of the week Even though the five or six days were less than a full week the following 1 Vendemiaire would still be a primidi skipping four or five days of the week The Sansculottides belong to the summer quarter They begin on 17 or 18 September and approximately the end on the autumn equinox on 22 or 23 September on the Gregorian calendar Conversion between Republican and Gregorian calendar for the years I XIV 1 Jours complementaires I Jour de la vertu Jour du genie Jour du travail Jour de l opinion Jour des recompenses decade 37 1 Tuesday17 September 1793 2 Wednesday18 September 1793 3 Thursday19 September 1793 4 Friday20 September 1793 5 Saturday21 September 1793 10 h 0 56 33 01 21 07 24 h 2 Jours complementaires II Jour de la vertu Jour du genie Jour du travail Jour de l opinion Jour des recompenses decade 37 1 Wednesday17 September 1794 2 Thursday18 September 1794 3 Friday19 September 1794 4 Saturday20 September 1794 5 Sunday21 September 1794 10 h 0 56 33 01 21 07 24 h 3 Jours complementaires III Jour de la vertu Jour du genie Jour du travail Jour de l opinion Jour des recompenses Jour de la revolution decade 37 1 Thursday17 September 1795 2 Friday18 September 1795 3 Saturday19 September 1795 4 Sunday20 September 1795 5 Monday21 September 1795 6 Tuesday22 September 1795 10 h 0 56 33 01 21 07 24 h 4 Jours complementaires IV Jour de la vertu Jour du genie Jour du travail Jour de l opinion Jour des recompenses decade 37 1 Saturday17 September 1796 2 Sunday18 September 1796 3 Monday19 September 1796 4 Tuesday20 September 1796 5 Wednesday21 September 1796 10 h 0 56 33 01 21 07 24 h 5 Jours complementaires V Jour de la vertu Jour du genie Jour du travail Jour de l opinion Jour des recompenses decade 37 1 Sunday17 September 1797 2 Monday18 September 1797 3 Tuesday19 September 1797 4 Wednesday20 September 1797 5 Thursday21 September 1797 10 h 0 56 33 01 21 07 24 h 6 Jours complementaires VI Jour de la vertu Jour du genie Jour du travail Jour de l opinion Jour des recompenses decade 37 1 Monday17 September 1798 2 Tuesday18 September 1798 3 Wednesday19 September 1798 4 Thursday20 September 1798 5 Friday21 September 1798 10 h 0 56 33 01 21 07 24 h 7 Jours complementaires VII Jour de la vertu Jour du genie Jour du travail Jour de l opinion Jour des recompenses Jour de la revolution decade 37 1 Tuesday17 September 1799 2 Wednesday18 September 1799 3 Thursday19 September 1799 4 Friday20 September 1799 5 Saturday21 September 1799 6 Sunday22 September 1799 10 h 0 56 33 01 21 07 24 h 8 Jours complementaires VIII Jour de la vertu Jour du genie Jour du travail Jour de l opinion Jour des recompenses decade 37 1 Thursday18 September 1800 2 Friday19 September 1800 3 Saturday20 September 1800 4 Sunday21 September 1800 5 Monday22 September 1800 10 h 0 56 33 01 21 07 24 h 9 Jours complementaires IX Jour de la vertu Jour du genie Jour du travail Jour de l opinion Jour des recompenses decade 37 1 Friday18 September 1801 2 Saturday19 September 1801 3 Sunday20 September 1801 4 Monday21 September 1801 5 Tuesday22 September 1801 10 h 0 56 33 01 21 07 24 h 10 Jours complementaires X Jour de la vertu Jour du genie Jour du travail Jour de l opinion Jour des recompenses decade 37 1 Saturday18 September 1802 2 Sunday19 September 1802 3 Monday20 September 1802 4 Tuesday21 September 1802 5 Wednesday22 September 1802 10 h 0 56 33 01 21 07 24 h 11 Jours complementaires XI Jour de la vertu Jour du genie Jour du travail Jour de l opinion Jour des recompenses Jour de la revolution decade 37 1 Sunday18 September 1803 2 Monday19 September 1803 3 Tuesday20 September 1803 4 Wednesday21 September 1803 5 Thursday22 September 1803 6 Friday23 September 1803 10 h 0 56 33 01 21 07 24 h 12 Jours complementaires XII Jour de la vertu Jour du genie Jour du travail Jour de l opinion Jour des recompenses decade 37 1 Tuesday18 September 1804 2 Wednesday19 September 1804 3 Thursday20 September 1804 4 Friday21 September 1804 5 Saturday22 September 1804 10 h 0 56 33 01 21 07 24 h 13 Jours complementaires XIII Jour de la vertu Jour du genie Jour du travail Jour de l opinion Jour des recompenses decade 37 1 Wednesday18 September 1805 2 Thursday19 September 1805 3 Friday20 September 1805 4 Saturday21 September 1805 5 Sunday22 September 1805 10 h 0 56 33 01 21 07 24 h 14 Jours complementaires XIV Jour de la vertu Jour du genie Jour du travail Jour de l opinion Jour des recompenses decade 37 1 Thursday18 September 1806 2 Friday19 September 1806 3 Saturday20 September 1806 4 Sunday21 September 1806 5 Monday22 September 1806 10 h 0 56 33 01 21 07 24 h Contents 1 History 2 Conversion table 3 References 4 External linksHistory editIn the decree of 5 October 1793 le 14 du 1er mois de l an II later le 14 Vendemiaire de l an II by the National Convention the days following the last month of the year were named jours complementaires and numbered serially Only the leap day jour intercalaire received a name 1 premier jour complementaire First Complementary Day 2 second jour complementaire Second Complementary Day 3 troisieme jour complementaire Third Complementary Day 4 quatrieme jour complementaire Fourth Complementary Day 5 cinquieme jour complementaire Fifth Complementary Day 6 jour de la Revolution Revolution Day The other days decades and months were also serially numbered On 24 October le 3 du 2e mois later le 3 Brumaire of the same year the poet Philippe Francois Nazaire Fabre known as Fabre d Eglantine made public his dislike of this naming convention le premier jour de la premiere decade du premier mois de la premiere annee He suggested proper names for the months the days of the months and the days of the decades For the jours complementaires he introduced the name Sansculottides The individual days should have the following names 1 fete du genie Celebration of Talent 2 fete du travail Celebration of Labour 3 fete des actions Celebration of Policy 4 fete des recompenses Celebration of Honors 5 fete de l opinion Celebration of Convictions 6 la Sans culottide la Sanculottide rough meaning Day of the Revolutionary According to the proposal by Fabre d Eglantine The fete du genie should be dedicated to the most precious and for the nation most useful achievements of the human mind accomplished in the past year The fete du travail should be focused on industry physical labour and production of useful things On the fete des actions good and beneficial policies should be praised that have been helpful even if only of benefit to individuals rather than to the nation On the fete des recompenses people should be rewarded for the merits exemplifying the previous three days mottos On the fete de l opinion people should criticise the administration without fear of punishment in the form of songs caricatures and ironic and sarcastic speeches By this d Eglantine meant I dare to say that this one day will cause public servants to do their duty more than even the laws of a Draco ever could The Sanculottide celebrated in leap years should be the celebration of national unity Representatives from all parts of the country should meet each other in the capital and celebrate together On 24 November 1793 these proposals were accepted with slight modifications It was decided that the name should be written fetes Sansculotides one t The alternate spellings Sans culotides and Sans culottides were also used The fete des actions was shifted to the first place and named fete de la vertu The fete des recompenses went to the last place and the leap year day regained its old name 1 fete de la vertu Celebration of Virtue 2 fete du genie Celebration of Talent 3 fete du travail Celebration of Labour 4 fete de l opinion Celebration of Convictions 5 fete des recompenses Celebration of Honors 6 fete de la Revolution Celebration of the Revolution On 24 August 1795 le 7 Fructidor de l an III the Sansculottides were renamed again to jours complementaires Complementary Days The fete du travail was also known as the fete du labour The fete de l opinion was also termed fete de l option Celebration of Choice or fete de la raison Celebration of Reason The Basque translation of the calendar for 1799 1 simply names the bethagail egunak as bethagail legun bethagail bigun complementary primidi complementary duodi Conversion table editTable for conversion between Republican and Gregorian Calendar referring to the Sansculottides Common Years I II IV V VI Fete de lavertu Fete dugenie Fete dutravail Fete del opinion Fete desrecompenses 17 18 19 20 21 September 1793 1794 1796 1797 1798 Leap Years III VII Fete de lavertu Fete dugenie Fete dutravail Fete del opinion Fete desrecompenses Fete de la revolution 17 18 19 20 21 22 September 1795 1799 VIII IX X XII XIII Fete de lavertu Fete dugenie Fete dutravail Fete del opinion Fete desrecompenses 18 19 20 21 22 September 1800 1801 1802 1804 1805 XI Fete de lavertu Fete dugenie Fete dutravail Fete del opinion Fete desrecompenses Fete de la revolution 18 19 20 21 22 23 September 1803 References edit Revolucion Francesa La Revolucion en el Pais Vasco continental El Euskera en la Revolucion by Eugene Goyenetche in the Spanish language Aunamendi Encyclopedia It references Franciaco Republicaren Caspigarren Ourtheco Qhoundaderra The calendar of the year VII of the Republic of France External links editSummer Quarter of Year II facsimile Decree concerning the Republican Calendar October 5 1793 facsimile Fabre d Eglantine Rapport sur le calendrier revolutionnaire French Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Sansculottides amp oldid 1166584455, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
