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Wikipedia

Paolo Macchiarini

January 07, 2023

Paolo Macchiarini (born 22 August 1958)[1]: 2  is a Swiss-born Italian thoracic surgeon and former regenerative medicine researcher who became known for research fraud and manipulative behavior.[2][3] He has been convicted of research-related crimes in Italy and Sweden.[4][5]

Paolo Macchiarini
Born
Paolo Macchiarini

(1958-08-22) 22 August 1958 (age 64)
Italy
NationalityItalian
OccupationFake Surgeon
Known forScientific misconduct, plastic tracheas
Children5

Previously considered a pioneer for using both biological and synthetic scaffolds seeded with patients' own stem cells as trachea transplants, Macchiarini was a Visiting Professor and Director on a temporary contract at Sweden's Karolinska Institutet (KI) from 2010.[6] Macchiarini has been accused of unethically performing experimental surgeries, even on relatively healthy patients, resulting in fatalities for seven of the eight patients who received one of his synthetic trachea transplants.[7] Articles in Vanity Fair and Aftonbladet further suggested that he had falsified some of his academic credentials on résumés.[8][9]

Urban Lendahl [sv], the secretary of the Nobel Committee for Physiology or Medicine, resigned in February 2016, owing to his involvement in recruiting Macchiarini to KI.[10] Shortly afterwards KI's vice chancellor, Anders Hamsten [sv], who in 2015 had cleared Macchiarini of misconduct, also resigned.[11] KI terminated its clinical relationship with Macchiarini in 2013 but allowed him to continue as a researcher; in February 2016, the university announced that it would not renew his research contract, which was due to expire in November, and terminated the contract the following month.[12] After being dismissed from KI, Macchiarini worked at the Kazan Federal University in Russia until that institution terminated his project in April 2017, effectively firing him.[13][14]

After a one-year medico-legal investigation, the Swedish Prosecution Authority announced in October 2017 that Macchiarini had been negligent in four of the five cases investigated due to the use of devices and procedures not supported by evidence, but that a crime could not be proven because the patients might have died under any other treatment given.[15][16] Also in October, Sweden's Expert Group on Scientific Misconduct found evidence of research fraud by Macchiarini and his co-authors in six papers and called for them to be retracted.[17] As of 2020, Macchiarini has had eight of his research papers retracted, and two have received an expression of concern.[18]

Education and career

Macchiarini obtained his medical degree (equivalent to MD) at the Medical School of the University of Pisa (UniPi) in 1986 and a Master of Surgery in 1991.[19] He was an assistant professor at UniPi from 1990 to 1992.[19] He took a course on statistics in clinical research at University of Alabama at Birmingham in 1989.[19] Macchiarini obtained degree certificates—a masters in organ and tissue transplantation dated 1994 and a doctorate in the same dated 1997—from University of Franche-Comté in France.[19] According to Germany's Hannover Medical School, he never had a salaried position there, but was head of the department of thoracic and vascular surgery at the Heidehaus Hanover hospital between 1999 and 2004.[19] Macchiarini was an investigator at the Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques-Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas in Barcelona, Spain, from 2006 to 2009; he was affiliated with but not an employee of the University of Barcelona and was apparently an employee at the Hospital Clínic de Barcelona during this time.[19] He had an honorary appointment as a Visiting Professor from 2009 to 2014, at University College London.[19] He was a consultant and project manager at University Hospital Careggi (AOUC) starting in 2010.[19]

Later in 2010, Macchiarini was appointed as a visiting professor at the Karolinska Institute (KI) in Stockholm and as a part-time position as surgeon at the affiliated university hospital.[19] In 2013, KI terminated its clinical relationship with Macchiarini but allowed him to continue as a researcher; in February 2016, the university announced that it would not renew Macchiarini's research contract, which was due to expire in November, and terminated the contract the following month.[12][20] KI published the incomplete results of its verification of Macchiarini's CV in February 2016.[19]

Macchiarini made ties in Russia after he gave a master class in 2010, at the invitation of politician Mikhail Batin; a few months later he did a trachea transplant there which was widely covered in Russian media.[14] This led to Macchiarini's 2011 appointment at Kuban State Medical University, funded by the university and the Russian government,[14] along with an honorary doctorate.[19] In 2016, he moved to Kazan Federal University and the grant money moved with him.[14] In April 2017, the university terminated Macchiarini's research project there.[14]

Notable trachea surgeries

Claudia Castillo

In June 2008, Macchiarini conducted a transplant of a donated trachea colonized with the stem cells of the recipient, Claudia Castillo; the tissue was used to replace her left bronchus, which had been damaged by tuberculosis, and her left lung had collapsed.[21] The trachea came from a cadaver, and was stripped of its cells and seeded with cells taken from Castillo's bone marrow.[21][22][23] The bone marrow cells were cultured at the University of Bristol, the donor trachea was stripped at University of Padua, the stripped trachea was seeded with the cultured cells at University of Milan, and the trachea was transplanted by a team led by Macchiarini at Hospital Clinic in Barcelona.[21][24]

Ciaran Finn-Lynch

In March 2010, Macchiarini attended a transplant performed by Great Ormond Street surgeons. Similar to the one done for Castillo, on a ten-year-old Irish boy, Ciaran Finn-Lynch, at Great Ormond Street Hospital in London.[25] The boy was born with a 1 mm diameter trachea, and efforts to widen it had caused life-threatening complications.[25] Unlike the Castillo procedure, in this case, the stripped trachea was seeded with the boy's stem cells just hours before it was implanted.

Keziah Shorten

Keziah Shorten had trachea cancer. In 2010, Macchiarini performed a transplant similar to the earlier two; the transplant failed the next year, and a synthetic trachea was implanted for palliative care at University College Hospital London in 2011, after which she was able to be discharged and return home for Christmas with her family before succumbing to her underlying disease.[26]

Woman in Russia

In 2010, Macchiarini implanted a seeded donated trachea in a woman in Russia, while working with surgeon Vladimir Parshin.[14][27][28]

Andemariam Teklesenbet Beyene

Andemariam Teklesenbet Beyene was a man from Eritrea who was earning a master's degree in Iceland when he was diagnosed with cancer; the cancer was treated with chemotherapy and surgery in 2009, but in 2011 his trachea was obstructed again. Beyene's doctors recommended palliative care, but also reached out to Macchiarini, who was at KI by that time.[29]: 8  In this case, Macchiarini collaborated with scientists at University College London to manufacture a fully synthetic trachea, with an engineered scaffold seeded with Beyene's marrow cells, instead of using a donated and stripped trachea, as it had been done before.[26] The operation occurred in June 2011 and was widely covered in the media, including a front page story in The New York Times.[30] By end of the year the implant was failing, and while Beyene was able to complete his Ph.D in 2012, he died in January 2013 despite undergoing many treatments at KI.[29]: 8  The autopsy showed that Beyene had a chronic lung infection, a clot in his lung, and the synthetic trachea had come loose.[29]: 8 

Christopher Lyles

Christopher Lyles lived in the United States; he had tracheal cancer which was treated with radiation and surgery. He heard about Beyene's treatment and through his doctor asked Macchiarini to do the same for him. Macchiarini obliged, creating a fully synthetic trachea seeded with stem cells from Lyles and implanting it at KI in November 2011.[29]: 9  Lyles died suddenly in 2012 after he had returned home; no autopsy was performed.[29]: 9 [31]

Yulia Tuulik

In June 2012, Macchiarini implanted a fully synthetic seeded trachea in Yulia Tuulik at Kuban State Medical University; Tuulik had a tracheostomy resulting from a car accident, but her life was not in danger.[14][32] The graft included a cricoid cartilage, part of the voice box, which Macchiarini had not tried before.[32] The trachea later collapsed, and was replaced; she died in 2014.[14] An audit by the Russian government later found that Macchiarini had operated without a Russian medical license.[14]

Alexander Zozulya

Also in June 2012, Macchiarini implanted a second synthetic seeded trachea on Alexander Zozulya, who also had a tracheostomy resulting from a car accident and whose life was not in danger.[14][26][32] The effects from the first implant in 2012 prompted a second surgery in November 2013. Zozulya died in February 2014 under unclear circumstances.[26]

Yesim Cetir

Turkish national Yesim Cetir underwent a routine surgery in 2011 to treat excessive sweating in her hands, but due to an error her trachea was severely injured and her left lung was damaged.[26][29]: 9  She came to Macchiarini at the KI for treatment, and in 2012 he first removed her left lung and replaced her trachea with a pipe, then replaced the pipe with a fully synthetic seeded trachea.[29]: 9  The next year the implant collapsed and Macchiarini replaced it with a second one.[29]: 9  Cetir had many complications from this procedure, remained in constant need of having her airway cleared, and suffered kidney failure.[29]: 9  In 2016 she underwent multiple organ transplants in the U.S., and her trachea was replaced with one from a cadaver.[29]: 9  Cetir died in March 2017.[33]

Hannah Warren

In April 2013, Macchiarini implanted a fully synthetic seeded trachea in two-year-old Hannah Warren, who had been born without one.[34] The operation was performed at OSF Saint Francis Medical Center in Peoria, Illinois, United States.[34] The operation also involved her esophagus, which didn't heal properly and required a second operation in June; she died 6 July 2013, from complications of the second surgery.[35]

Sadiq Kanaan

In August 2013 Sadiq Kanaan received a fully synthetic seeded tracheal implant from Macchiarini at Kuban State Medical University.[13][26] He died later the same year.[13]

Dmitri Onogda

In June 2014, Macchiarini implanted a fully synthetic seeded trachea in Dmitri Onogda at the Kuban State Medical University.[13][26] The implant failed and was replaced, and as of 2017 Onogda was still alive.[13][26]

Allegations

University Hospital Careggi patient extortion

In 2012, Macchiarini was arrested in Italy and charged with asking patients at AOUC for money to expedite their procedures;[36] the charges were dismissed in May 2015[37] and the prosecutor's appeal was dismissed in September 2015.[38]

Research misconduct

In 2014, Macchiarini was accused by four former colleagues and co-authors of having falsified claims in his research with KI.[39] The following April, KI's ethics committee issued a response to one set of allegations with regard to research ethics and peer review at The Lancet, and found them to be groundless.[40]

KI had also appointed an external expert, Bengt Gerdin, to review the charges, comparing the results reported to the medical record of the hospital; the report was released by the university in May 2015.[41][42][43] Gerdin found that Macchiarini had committed research misconduct in seven papers by not getting ethical approval for the some of his operations, and misrepresenting the result of some of those operations, as well as work he had done in animals.[41][42][44]

In August 2015, after considering the findings and a rebuttal provided by Macchiarini, KI vice-chancellor Anders Hamsten found that he had acted "without due care" but had not committed misconduct.[45][46] The Lancet, which published Macchiarini's work, also published an article defending him.[47]

On 13 January 2016, Gerdin criticized the vice-chancellor's dismissal of the allegations in an interview with Sveriges Television (SVT).[48] Later that day, the SVT investigative program Dokument inifrån began broadcasting a three-part series, titled "Experimenten", in which Macchiarini's work was investigated.[49][50] The documentary shows Macchiarini continuing operations with his new transplant method even after it showed little or no promise, exaggerating the health of his patients in articles as they died. While Macchiarini admitted that the synthetic trachea did not work in the current state, he did not agree that trying it on several additional patients without further testing had been inappropriate. Allegations were also made that patients' medical conditions both before and after the operations, as reported in academic papers, did not match reality. Macchiarini also stated that the synthetic trachea had been tested on animals before using it on humans, something that could not be verified.[12][20][26]

On 28 January, KI issued a statement saying that the documentary made claims of which it was unaware, and that it would consider re-opening the investigations.[51][52] These concerns were echoed by KI's chairman, Lars Leijonborg, and the chairman of the Swedish Medical Association, Heidi Stensmyren, calling for an independent investigation that would also look at how the issue was dealt with by the university and hospital management.[53]

In February 2016, KI published a review of Macchiarini's CV that identified discrepancies.[19] The university announced that it would not renew Macchiarini's research contract, which was due to expire in November, and the next month Karolinska terminated the contract.[12]

In October 2016, the BBC broadcast a three-part Storyville documentary, Fatal Experiments: The Downfall of a Supersurgeon, directed by Bosse Lindquist and based on the earlier Swedish programmes about Macchiarini.[54] After the special aired, KI requested Sweden's national scientific review board to review six of Macchiarini's publications about the procedures. The board published its findings in October 2017, and concluded that all six were the result of scientific misconduct, in particular by failing to report the complications and deaths that occurred after the interventions; one of the articles also claimed that the procedure had been approved by an ethics committee, when this had not happened. The board called for all six of the papers to be retracted. It also said that all of the co-authors had committed scientific misconduct as well.[17]

Retractions

The following papers authored by Macchiarini have been retracted:

  • November 2012, retracted by the journal for copying a table from another paper without citing it:[36]
    • Gonfiotti, Alessandro; Jaus, Massimo Osvaldo; Barale, Daniel; Baiguera, Silvia; Polizzi, Leonardo; Jungebluth, Philipp; Paoletti, Matteo; Pistolesi, Massimo; Macchiarini, Paolo (2012). "RETRACTED: Development and Validation of a New Outcome Score in Subglottic Stenosis". The Annals of Thoracic Surgery. 94 (4): 1065–1072. doi:10.1016/j.athoracsur.2012.05.107. PMID 22858276.
  • March 2017, retracted by authors[55] after Karolinska requested retraction in December 2016;[56][57] after Nature had issued an editorial notice of concern in October 2016:[58]
    • Sjöqvist, Sebastian; Jungebluth, Philipp; Ling Lim, Mei; Haag, Johannes C.; Gustafsson, Ylva; Lemon, Greg; Baiguera, Silvia; Angel Burguillos, Miguel; Del Gaudio, Costantino; Rodríguez, Antonio Beltrán; Sotnichenko, Alexander; Kublickiene, Karolina; Ullman, Henrik; Kielstein, Heike; Damberg, Peter; Bianco, Alessandra; Heuchel, Rainer; Zhao, Ying; Ribatti, Domenico; Ibarra, Cristián; Joseph, Bertrand; Taylor, Doris A.; Macchiarini, Paolo (2014). "Experimental orthotopic transplantation of a tissue-engineered oesophagus in rats". Nature Communications. 5: 3562. Bibcode:2014NatCo...5.3562S. doi:10.1038/ncomms4562. PMC 4354271. PMID 24736316.
  • Macchiarini's 2011 Lancet paper described the treatment of Beyene. In February 2016 the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences called for the Lancet to correct the paper, as Beyene had died,[59][60] in March 2016 four authors asked to be removed as authors, and in April 2016 the Lancet issued a notice of concern;[61] this paper too has since been retracted.
    • Jungebluth, Philipp; Alici, Evren; Baiguera, Silvia; Blomberg, Pontus; Bozóky, Béla; Crowley, Claire; Einarsson, Oskar; Gudbjartsson, Tomas; Le Guyader, Sylvie; Henriksson, Gert; Hermanson, Ola; Juto, Jan Erik; Leidner, Bertil; Lilja, Tobias; Liska, Jan; Luedde, Tom; Lundin, Vanessa; Moll, Guido; Roderburg, Christoph; Strömblad, Staffan; Sutlu, Tolga; Watz, Emma; Seifalian, Alexander; Macchiarini, Paolo (2011). "RETRACTED: Tracheobronchial transplantation with a stem-cell-seeded bioartificial nanocomposite: A proof-of-concept study". The Lancet. 378 (9808): 1997–2004. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(11)61715-7. PMID 22119609. S2CID 4578451.

Other misconduct

A story published by Vanity Fair on 5 January 2016 discussed Macchiarini's affair with a journalist, who had written enthusiastic articles about him. The story also called into question statements he had made on his CV.[49][8] The article paints him as a serial fabulist, and as "the extreme form of a con man," remarking that "the fact that he could keep all the details straight and compartmentalize these different lives and lies is really amazing."[8] The article details a courtship and alleged subsequent marriage arrangements from the perspective of a NBC News producer, Benita Alexander. Alexander had been tasked by NBC News to produce a documentary-type programme for Dateline in 2013 called "A Leap of Faith" to portray Macchiarini and she ultimately began an affair with her subject, only to find out later in 2015 that he had been married for thirty years, including the entire period of the courtship. The details recounted in the article include Alexander relating Macchiarini's alleged lies about being a surgeon to the stars and current and former heads of state, and a planned wedding to Alexander to be the social event of the year (with Pope Francis officiating, Andrea Bocelli singing, Enoteca Pinchiorri catering, and numerous celebrities attending), among other reported falsified details about his C.V. and personal life.[8]

Macchiarini is reported to have claimed that Pope Francis had given his personal blessing for the wedding between the couple, both said to be divorcees, and would host the ceremony. The Pope's spokesman said that the Pope had no "personal doctor" named Macchiarini, knew nobody of that name, and would not have officiated.[62]

In August 2021, the third season of the Dr. Death podcast began publishing episodes consisting a six-episode season about Macchiarini, entitled "Miracle Man". The audio series covers the accusations of ethical misconduct and manipulation in Macchiarini's medical work alongside those of his personal deceit in his affair with Alexander, told through a series of interviews with the latter.[63]

Fallout for Karolinska Institute

The secretary of the Nobel Committee for Physiology or Medicine, Urban Lendahl, resigned in February 2016, owing to his involvement in recruiting Macchiarini to Karolinska Institutet in 2010.[10][64] Shortly afterwards the vice chancellor, Anders Hamsten, who in 2015 had cleared Macchiarini of scientific misconduct, also resigned.[11][65]

In August 2016, a committee led by Kjell Asplund that had been called into being in February to investigate the three operations that Macchiarini had performed at the Karolinska University Hospital issued its report, identifying several ethical shortcomings by the hospital and Macchiarini; it also noted the pressure put on the hospital by the institute with regard to Macchiarini's hospital appointment and translational research.[29][66]

Another report was issued in early September that examined the behavior of the institute; it was authored by a committee led by Sten Heckscher. The report found that the institute had conducted almost no diligence in hiring Macchiarini nor in overseeing his work, nor in considering his performance in reviewing his contracts; the committee found that interference from people higher up in management had interfered in the processes.[66][67][68]

On 5 September 2016, the Swedish government moved to dismiss the entire board of the Institute.[69] Shortly afterwards Harriet Wallberg and Anders Hamsten were removed from the judging panel that is responsible for annually choosing the Nobel Prize for Medicine, selection of which is additionally overseen by Karolinska Institutet.[70]

Criminal investigations and convictions

In June 2016 Swedish police opened an investigation into whether Macchiarini might have committed involuntary manslaughter.[13][26] In October 2017, the public prosecutor office announced that all criminal charges against Macchiarini have been dropped, although the medical treatment in four of five cases operated in Sweden was classified as 'negligent' the criminal responsibility cannot be proven.[71] After a one-year medico-legal investigation, the attorney general's office announced in October 2017 that Macchiarini had been negligent in four of the five cases investigated due to the use of devices and procedures not supported by evidence, but that a crime could not be proven because the patients might have died under any other treatment given.[15][16]

In 2019, an Italian court sentenced Macchiarini to sixteen months in prison for abuse of office and forging documents.[4]

On 29 September 2020, Mikael Bjork, director of Public Prosecution in Sweden indicted an unnamed surgeon on charges of aggravated assault. Swedish news agency TT said the indicted surgeon was Dr. Paolo Macchiarini. Bjork said he reopened the investigation in December 2018 and obtained new written evidence and interviewed individuals in five different countries. Bjork said victims received "serious physical injuries and great suffering" as a result of the operations performed on them and that he "made the assessment that the three operations are therefore to be considered as aggravated assault."[72] Macchiarini was convicted of causing bodily harm, but not assault. He received a suspended sentence on 16 June 2022.[73][5]

See also

References

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External links

  • Information Index: Trachea Transplants and Paolo Macchiarini, M.D. by Citizens for Responsible Care and Research, Inc.
  • Macchiarini posts at For Better Science
  • Macchiarini posts at Retraction Watch

January 07, 2023
paolo, macchiarini, born, august, 1958, swiss, born, italian, thoracic, surgeon, former, regenerative, medicine, researcher, became, known, research, fraud, manipulative, behavior, been, convicted, research, related, crimes, italy, sweden, born, 1958, august, . Paolo Macchiarini born 22 August 1958 1 2 is a Swiss born Italian thoracic surgeon and former regenerative medicine researcher who became known for research fraud and manipulative behavior 2 3 He has been convicted of research related crimes in Italy and Sweden 4 5 Paolo MacchiariniBornPaolo Macchiarini 1958 08 22 22 August 1958 age 64 ItalyNationalityItalianOccupationFake SurgeonKnown forScientific misconduct plastic tracheasChildren5Previously considered a pioneer for using both biological and synthetic scaffolds seeded with patients own stem cells as trachea transplants Macchiarini was a Visiting Professor and Director on a temporary contract at Sweden s Karolinska Institutet KI from 2010 6 Macchiarini has been accused of unethically performing experimental surgeries even on relatively healthy patients resulting in fatalities for seven of the eight patients who received one of his synthetic trachea transplants 7 Articles in Vanity Fair and Aftonbladet further suggested that he had falsified some of his academic credentials on resumes 8 9 Urban Lendahl sv the secretary of the Nobel Committee for Physiology or Medicine resigned in February 2016 owing to his involvement in recruiting Macchiarini to KI 10 Shortly afterwards KI s vice chancellor Anders Hamsten sv who in 2015 had cleared Macchiarini of misconduct also resigned 11 KI terminated its clinical relationship with Macchiarini in 2013 but allowed him to continue as a researcher in February 2016 the university announced that it would not renew his research contract which was due to expire in November and terminated the contract the following month 12 After being dismissed from KI Macchiarini worked at the Kazan Federal University in Russia until that institution terminated his project in April 2017 effectively firing him 13 14 After a one year medico legal investigation the Swedish Prosecution Authority announced in October 2017 that Macchiarini had been negligent in four of the five cases investigated due to the use of devices and procedures not supported by evidence but that a crime could not be proven because the patients might have died under any other treatment given 15 16 Also in October Sweden s Expert Group on Scientific Misconduct found evidence of research fraud by Macchiarini and his co authors in six papers and called for them to be retracted 17 As of 2020 Macchiarini has had eight of his research papers retracted and two have received an expression of concern 18 Contents 1 Education and career 2 Notable trachea surgeries 2 1 Claudia Castillo 2 2 Ciaran Finn Lynch 2 3 Keziah Shorten 2 4 Woman in Russia 2 5 Andemariam Teklesenbet Beyene 2 6 Christopher Lyles 2 7 Yulia Tuulik 2 8 Alexander Zozulya 2 9 Yesim Cetir 2 10 Hannah Warren 2 11 Sadiq Kanaan 2 12 Dmitri Onogda 3 Allegations 3 1 University Hospital Careggi patient extortion 3 2 Research misconduct 3 3 Retractions 3 4 Other misconduct 3 5 Fallout for Karolinska Institute 4 Criminal investigations and convictions 5 See also 6 References 7 External linksEducation and career EditMacchiarini obtained his medical degree equivalent to MD at the Medical School of the University of Pisa UniPi in 1986 and a Master of Surgery in 1991 19 He was an assistant professor at UniPi from 1990 to 1992 19 He took a course on statistics in clinical research at University of Alabama at Birmingham in 1989 19 Macchiarini obtained degree certificates a masters in organ and tissue transplantation dated 1994 and a doctorate in the same dated 1997 from University of Franche Comte in France 19 According to Germany s Hannover Medical School he never had a salaried position there but was head of the department of thoracic and vascular surgery at the Heidehaus Hanover hospital between 1999 and 2004 19 Macchiarini was an investigator at the Institut d Investigacions Biomediques Instituto de Investigaciones Biomedicas in Barcelona Spain from 2006 to 2009 he was affiliated with but not an employee of the University of Barcelona and was apparently an employee at the Hospital Clinic de Barcelona during this time 19 He had an honorary appointment as a Visiting Professor from 2009 to 2014 at University College London 19 He was a consultant and project manager at University Hospital Careggi AOUC starting in 2010 19 Later in 2010 Macchiarini was appointed as a visiting professor at the Karolinska Institute KI in Stockholm and as a part time position as surgeon at the affiliated university hospital 19 In 2013 KI terminated its clinical relationship with Macchiarini but allowed him to continue as a researcher in February 2016 the university announced that it would not renew Macchiarini s research contract which was due to expire in November and terminated the contract the following month 12 20 KI published the incomplete results of its verification of Macchiarini s CV in February 2016 19 Macchiarini made ties in Russia after he gave a master class in 2010 at the invitation of politician Mikhail Batin a few months later he did a trachea transplant there which was widely covered in Russian media 14 This led to Macchiarini s 2011 appointment at Kuban State Medical University funded by the university and the Russian government 14 along with an honorary doctorate 19 In 2016 he moved to Kazan Federal University and the grant money moved with him 14 In April 2017 the university terminated Macchiarini s research project there 14 Notable trachea surgeries EditClaudia Castillo Edit In June 2008 Macchiarini conducted a transplant of a donated trachea colonized with the stem cells of the recipient Claudia Castillo the tissue was used to replace her left bronchus which had been damaged by tuberculosis and her left lung had collapsed 21 The trachea came from a cadaver and was stripped of its cells and seeded with cells taken from Castillo s bone marrow 21 22 23 The bone marrow cells were cultured at the University of Bristol the donor trachea was stripped at University of Padua the stripped trachea was seeded with the cultured cells at University of Milan and the trachea was transplanted by a team led by Macchiarini at Hospital Clinic in Barcelona 21 24 Ciaran Finn Lynch Edit In March 2010 Macchiarini attended a transplant performed by Great Ormond Street surgeons Similar to the one done for Castillo on a ten year old Irish boy Ciaran Finn Lynch at Great Ormond Street Hospital in London 25 The boy was born with a 1 mm diameter trachea and efforts to widen it had caused life threatening complications 25 Unlike the Castillo procedure in this case the stripped trachea was seeded with the boy s stem cells just hours before it was implanted Keziah Shorten Edit Keziah Shorten had trachea cancer In 2010 Macchiarini performed a transplant similar to the earlier two the transplant failed the next year and a synthetic trachea was implanted for palliative care at University College Hospital London in 2011 after which she was able to be discharged and return home for Christmas with her family before succumbing to her underlying disease 26 Woman in Russia Edit In 2010 Macchiarini implanted a seeded donated trachea in a woman in Russia while working with surgeon Vladimir Parshin 14 27 28 Andemariam Teklesenbet Beyene Edit Andemariam Teklesenbet Beyene was a man from Eritrea who was earning a master s degree in Iceland when he was diagnosed with cancer the cancer was treated with chemotherapy and surgery in 2009 but in 2011 his trachea was obstructed again Beyene s doctors recommended palliative care but also reached out to Macchiarini who was at KI by that time 29 8 In this case Macchiarini collaborated with scientists at University College London to manufacture a fully synthetic trachea with an engineered scaffold seeded with Beyene s marrow cells instead of using a donated and stripped trachea as it had been done before 26 The operation occurred in June 2011 and was widely covered in the media including a front page story in The New York Times 30 By end of the year the implant was failing and while Beyene was able to complete his Ph D in 2012 he died in January 2013 despite undergoing many treatments at KI 29 8 The autopsy showed that Beyene had a chronic lung infection a clot in his lung and the synthetic trachea had come loose 29 8 Christopher Lyles Edit Christopher Lyles lived in the United States he had tracheal cancer which was treated with radiation and surgery He heard about Beyene s treatment and through his doctor asked Macchiarini to do the same for him Macchiarini obliged creating a fully synthetic trachea seeded with stem cells from Lyles and implanting it at KI in November 2011 29 9 Lyles died suddenly in 2012 after he had returned home no autopsy was performed 29 9 31 Yulia Tuulik Edit In June 2012 Macchiarini implanted a fully synthetic seeded trachea in Yulia Tuulik at Kuban State Medical University Tuulik had a tracheostomy resulting from a car accident but her life was not in danger 14 32 The graft included a cricoid cartilage part of the voice box which Macchiarini had not tried before 32 The trachea later collapsed and was replaced she died in 2014 14 An audit by the Russian government later found that Macchiarini had operated without a Russian medical license 14 Alexander Zozulya Edit Also in June 2012 Macchiarini implanted a second synthetic seeded trachea on Alexander Zozulya who also had a tracheostomy resulting from a car accident and whose life was not in danger 14 26 32 The effects from the first implant in 2012 prompted a second surgery in November 2013 Zozulya died in February 2014 under unclear circumstances 26 Yesim Cetir Edit Turkish national Yesim Cetir underwent a routine surgery in 2011 to treat excessive sweating in her hands but due to an error her trachea was severely injured and her left lung was damaged 26 29 9 She came to Macchiarini at the KI for treatment and in 2012 he first removed her left lung and replaced her trachea with a pipe then replaced the pipe with a fully synthetic seeded trachea 29 9 The next year the implant collapsed and Macchiarini replaced it with a second one 29 9 Cetir had many complications from this procedure remained in constant need of having her airway cleared and suffered kidney failure 29 9 In 2016 she underwent multiple organ transplants in the U S and her trachea was replaced with one from a cadaver 29 9 Cetir died in March 2017 33 Hannah Warren Edit In April 2013 Macchiarini implanted a fully synthetic seeded trachea in two year old Hannah Warren who had been born without one 34 The operation was performed at OSF Saint Francis Medical Center in Peoria Illinois United States 34 The operation also involved her esophagus which didn t heal properly and required a second operation in June she died 6 July 2013 from complications of the second surgery 35 Sadiq Kanaan Edit In August 2013 Sadiq Kanaan received a fully synthetic seeded tracheal implant from Macchiarini at Kuban State Medical University 13 26 He died later the same year 13 Dmitri Onogda Edit In June 2014 Macchiarini implanted a fully synthetic seeded trachea in Dmitri Onogda at the Kuban State Medical University 13 26 The implant failed and was replaced and as of 2017 Onogda was still alive 13 26 Allegations EditUniversity Hospital Careggi patient extortion Edit In 2012 Macchiarini was arrested in Italy and charged with asking patients at AOUC for money to expedite their procedures 36 the charges were dismissed in May 2015 37 and the prosecutor s appeal was dismissed in September 2015 38 Research misconduct Edit In 2014 Macchiarini was accused by four former colleagues and co authors of having falsified claims in his research with KI 39 The following April KI s ethics committee issued a response to one set of allegations with regard to research ethics and peer review at The Lancet and found them to be groundless 40 KI had also appointed an external expert Bengt Gerdin to review the charges comparing the results reported to the medical record of the hospital the report was released by the university in May 2015 41 42 43 Gerdin found that Macchiarini had committed research misconduct in seven papers by not getting ethical approval for the some of his operations and misrepresenting the result of some of those operations as well as work he had done in animals 41 42 44 In August 2015 after considering the findings and a rebuttal provided by Macchiarini KI vice chancellor Anders Hamsten found that he had acted without due care but had not committed misconduct 45 46 The Lancet which published Macchiarini s work also published an article defending him 47 On 13 January 2016 Gerdin criticized the vice chancellor s dismissal of the allegations in an interview with Sveriges Television SVT 48 Later that day the SVT investigative program Dokument inifran began broadcasting a three part series titled Experimenten in which Macchiarini s work was investigated 49 50 The documentary shows Macchiarini continuing operations with his new transplant method even after it showed little or no promise exaggerating the health of his patients in articles as they died While Macchiarini admitted that the synthetic trachea did not work in the current state he did not agree that trying it on several additional patients without further testing had been inappropriate Allegations were also made that patients medical conditions both before and after the operations as reported in academic papers did not match reality Macchiarini also stated that the synthetic trachea had been tested on animals before using it on humans something that could not be verified 12 20 26 On 28 January KI issued a statement saying that the documentary made claims of which it was unaware and that it would consider re opening the investigations 51 52 These concerns were echoed by KI s chairman Lars Leijonborg and the chairman of the Swedish Medical Association Heidi Stensmyren calling for an independent investigation that would also look at how the issue was dealt with by the university and hospital management 53 In February 2016 KI published a review of Macchiarini s CV that identified discrepancies 19 The university announced that it would not renew Macchiarini s research contract which was due to expire in November and the next month Karolinska terminated the contract 12 In October 2016 the BBC broadcast a three part Storyville documentary Fatal Experiments The Downfall of a Supersurgeon directed by Bosse Lindquist and based on the earlier Swedish programmes about Macchiarini 54 After the special aired KI requested Sweden s national scientific review board to review six of Macchiarini s publications about the procedures The board published its findings in October 2017 and concluded that all six were the result of scientific misconduct in particular by failing to report the complications and deaths that occurred after the interventions one of the articles also claimed that the procedure had been approved by an ethics committee when this had not happened The board called for all six of the papers to be retracted It also said that all of the co authors had committed scientific misconduct as well 17 Retractions Edit The following papers authored by Macchiarini have been retracted November 2012 retracted by the journal for copying a table from another paper without citing it 36 Gonfiotti Alessandro Jaus Massimo Osvaldo Barale Daniel Baiguera Silvia Polizzi Leonardo Jungebluth Philipp Paoletti Matteo Pistolesi Massimo Macchiarini Paolo 2012 RETRACTED Development and Validation of a New Outcome Score in Subglottic Stenosis The Annals of Thoracic Surgery 94 4 1065 1072 doi 10 1016 j athoracsur 2012 05 107 PMID 22858276 March 2017 retracted by authors 55 after Karolinska requested retraction in December 2016 56 57 after Nature had issued an editorial notice of concern in October 2016 58 Sjoqvist Sebastian Jungebluth Philipp Ling Lim Mei Haag Johannes C Gustafsson Ylva Lemon Greg Baiguera Silvia Angel Burguillos Miguel Del Gaudio Costantino Rodriguez Antonio Beltran Sotnichenko Alexander Kublickiene Karolina Ullman Henrik Kielstein Heike Damberg Peter Bianco Alessandra Heuchel Rainer Zhao Ying Ribatti Domenico Ibarra Cristian Joseph Bertrand Taylor Doris A Macchiarini Paolo 2014 Experimental orthotopic transplantation of a tissue engineered oesophagus in rats Nature Communications 5 3562 Bibcode 2014NatCo 5 3562S doi 10 1038 ncomms4562 PMC 4354271 PMID 24736316 Macchiarini s 2011 Lancet paper described the treatment of Beyene In February 2016 the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences called for the Lancet to correct the paper as Beyene had died 59 60 in March 2016 four authors asked to be removed as authors and in April 2016 the Lancet issued a notice of concern 61 this paper too has since been retracted Jungebluth Philipp Alici Evren Baiguera Silvia Blomberg Pontus Bozoky Bela Crowley Claire Einarsson Oskar Gudbjartsson Tomas Le Guyader Sylvie Henriksson Gert Hermanson Ola Juto Jan Erik Leidner Bertil Lilja Tobias Liska Jan Luedde Tom Lundin Vanessa Moll Guido Roderburg Christoph Stromblad Staffan Sutlu Tolga Watz Emma Seifalian Alexander Macchiarini Paolo 2011 RETRACTED Tracheobronchial transplantation with a stem cell seeded bioartificial nanocomposite A proof of concept study The Lancet 378 9808 1997 2004 doi 10 1016 S0140 6736 11 61715 7 PMID 22119609 S2CID 4578451 Other misconduct Edit A story published by Vanity Fair on 5 January 2016 discussed Macchiarini s affair with a journalist who had written enthusiastic articles about him The story also called into question statements he had made on his CV 49 8 The article paints him as a serial fabulist and as the extreme form of a con man remarking that the fact that he could keep all the details straight and compartmentalize these different lives and lies is really amazing 8 The article details a courtship and alleged subsequent marriage arrangements from the perspective of a NBC News producer Benita Alexander Alexander had been tasked by NBC News to produce a documentary type programme for Dateline in 2013 called A Leap of Faith to portray Macchiarini and she ultimately began an affair with her subject only to find out later in 2015 that he had been married for thirty years including the entire period of the courtship The details recounted in the article include Alexander relating Macchiarini s alleged lies about being a surgeon to the stars and current and former heads of state and a planned wedding to Alexander to be the social event of the year with Pope Francis officiating Andrea Bocelli singing Enoteca Pinchiorri catering and numerous celebrities attending among other reported falsified details about his C V and personal life 8 Macchiarini is reported to have claimed that Pope Francis had given his personal blessing for the wedding between the couple both said to be divorcees and would host the ceremony The Pope s spokesman said that the Pope had no personal doctor named Macchiarini knew nobody of that name and would not have officiated 62 In August 2021 the third season of the Dr Death podcast began publishing episodes consisting a six episode season about Macchiarini entitled Miracle Man The audio series covers the accusations of ethical misconduct and manipulation in Macchiarini s medical work alongside those of his personal deceit in his affair with Alexander told through a series of interviews with the latter 63 Fallout for Karolinska Institute Edit The secretary of the Nobel Committee for Physiology or Medicine Urban Lendahl resigned in February 2016 owing to his involvement in recruiting Macchiarini to Karolinska Institutet in 2010 10 64 Shortly afterwards the vice chancellor Anders Hamsten who in 2015 had cleared Macchiarini of scientific misconduct also resigned 11 65 In August 2016 a committee led by Kjell Asplund that had been called into being in February to investigate the three operations that Macchiarini had performed at the Karolinska University Hospital issued its report identifying several ethical shortcomings by the hospital and Macchiarini it also noted the pressure put on the hospital by the institute with regard to Macchiarini s hospital appointment and translational research 29 66 Another report was issued in early September that examined the behavior of the institute it was authored by a committee led by Sten Heckscher The report found that the institute had conducted almost no diligence in hiring Macchiarini nor in overseeing his work nor in considering his performance in reviewing his contracts the committee found that interference from people higher up in management had interfered in the processes 66 67 68 On 5 September 2016 the Swedish government moved to dismiss the entire board of the Institute 69 Shortly afterwards Harriet Wallberg and Anders Hamsten were removed from the judging panel that is responsible for annually choosing the Nobel Prize for Medicine selection of which is additionally overseen by Karolinska Institutet 70 Criminal investigations and convictions EditIn June 2016 Swedish police opened an investigation into whether Macchiarini might have committed involuntary manslaughter 13 26 In October 2017 the public prosecutor office announced that all criminal charges against Macchiarini have been dropped although the medical treatment in four of five cases operated in Sweden was classified as negligent the criminal responsibility cannot be proven 71 After a one year medico legal investigation the attorney general s office announced in October 2017 that Macchiarini had been negligent in four of the five cases investigated due to the use of devices and procedures not supported by evidence but that a crime could not be proven because the patients might have died under any other treatment given 15 16 In 2019 an Italian court sentenced Macchiarini to sixteen months in prison for abuse of office and forging documents 4 On 29 September 2020 Mikael Bjork director of Public Prosecution in Sweden indicted an unnamed surgeon on charges of aggravated assault Swedish news agency TT said the indicted surgeon was Dr Paolo Macchiarini Bjork said he reopened the investigation in December 2018 and obtained new written evidence and interviewed individuals in five different countries Bjork said victims received serious physical injuries and great suffering as a result of the operations performed on them and that he made the assessment that the three operations are therefore to be considered as aggravated assault 72 Macchiarini was convicted of causing bodily harm but not assault He received a suspended sentence on 16 June 2022 73 5 See also EditList of scientific misconduct incidentsReferences Edit Karolinska Institutet Curriculum Vitae Paolo Macchiarini PDF Karolinska Institute via Citizens For Responsible Care and Research Archived from the original PDF on 11 January 2017 McCook Alison 5 February 2016 Karolinska orders new investigation of trachea surgeon Macchiarini Retraction Watch Retrieved 11 February 2016 Vogel Gretchen 2016 Another scathing report causes more eminent heads to roll in the Macchiarini scandal Science doi 10 1126 science aah7266 a b Day Michael 25 November 2019 Disgraced tracheal transplant surgeon is handed 16 month prison sentence in Italy BMJ l6676 doi 10 1136 bmj l6676 ISSN 1756 1833 a b AFP 16 June 2022 Sweden surgeon convicted of bodily harm over synthetic trachea transplant The Guardian Retrieved 16 November 2022 http www circare org info pm CV eng pdf bare URL PDF Basen Anna 13 January 2016 Tekniken skulle radda liv sex av atta dog The technology could save lives six of the eight died Expressen in Swedish Retrieved 10 February 2016 a b c d Ciralsky Adam 31 January 2016 The Celebrity Surgeon Who Used Love Money and the Pope to Scam an NBC News Producer Vanity Fair Retrieved 7 January 2016 Ahlborg Karin 9 February 2016 Skandalkirurgen ljog om sina meriter The scandal surgeon lied about his qualifications Aftonbladet in Swedish Retrieved 12 February 2016 a b Vogel Gretchen 2016 Top Nobel Prize administrator resigns in wake of Macchiarini scandal Science doi 10 1126 science aaf4023 a b Vogel Gretchen 2016 Karolinska Institute vice chancellor resigns in wake of Macchiarini scandal Science doi 10 1126 science aaf4058 a b c d Abbott Alison 2016 Prestigious Karolinska Institute dismisses controversial trachea surgeon Nature doi 10 1038 nature 2016 19629 S2CID 75963204 a b c d e f From Confines Of Russia Controversial Stem Cell Surgeon Tries To Weather Scandal RadioFreeEurope RadioLiberty 6 February 2017 a b c d e f g h i j Astakhova Alla 2017 Superstar surgeon fired again this time in Russia Science doi 10 1126 science aal1201 a b Swedish prosecutor says will not charge Italian stem cell surgeon Reuters 12 October 2017 a b Tracking retractions as a window into the scientific process Swedish prosecutor won t pursue criminal case against Macchiarini Retraction Watch 12 October 2017 a b Vogel Gretchen 2017 Six papers by disgraced surgeon should be retracted report concludes Science doi 10 1126 science aar3612 Retraction Watch Database Paolo Macchiarini Retraction Watch The Center for Scientific Integrity Retrieved 7 May 2020 a b c d e f g h i j k l Examination of CV information PDF Karolinska Institute 11 February 2016 Archived from the original PDF on 14 September 2016 a b Enserink Martin 2016 Karolinska Institute fires fallen star surgeon Paolo Macchiarini Science doi 10 1126 science aaf9825 a b c Cowell Alan Grady Denise 19 November 2008 Europeans Announce Pioneering Surgery The New York Times MacChiarini Paolo Jungebluth Philipp Go Tetsuhiko Asnaghi M Adelaide Rees Louisa E Cogan Tristan A Dodson Amanda Martorell Jaume Bellini Silvia Parnigotto Pier Paolo Dickinson Sally C Hollander Anthony P Mantero Sara Conconi Maria Teresa Birchall Martin A 2008 Clinical transplantation of a tissue engineered airway The Lancet 372 9655 2023 2030 doi 10 1016 S0140 6736 08 61598 6 PMID 19022496 S2CID 13153058 Gonfiotti Alessandro Jaus Massimo O Barale Daniel Baiguera Silvia Comin Camilla Lavorini Federico Fontana Giovanni Sibila Oriol Rombola Giovanni Jungebluth Philipp MacChiarini Paolo 2014 The first tissue engineered airway transplantation 5 year follow up results The Lancet Submitted manuscript 383 9913 238 244 arXiv 1607 02870 doi 10 1016 S0140 6736 13 62033 4 PMID 24161821 S2CID 41597285 Associated Press 19 November 2008 Doctors make new windpipe from stem cells NY Daily News a b Boseley Sarah 19 March 2010 Boy s windpipe replaced in pioneering stem cell operation The Guardian a b c d e f g h i j Kremer William 10 September 2016 Paolo Macchiarini A surgeon s downfall BBC News Parshin Vladimir Macchiarini Paolo Vyjigina Margarita Rusakov Michail Bazarov Dmitry Zaklyazminskaya Helen 1 September 2011 Conference Abstract Management of total cicatricial stenoses of a trachea by replacement of trachea produced by technologies of the regenerative medicine European Respiratory Journal 38 Suppl 55 3077 ISSN 0903 1936 Bazarov Dmitry Parshin Vladimir Rusakov Michail Abdumuradov Kuldash Bogov Arkadiy Sharipjanova Rumia CTS 2013 Congress Abstract 21 2 Transplantation of a Regenerative and Cadaver Trachea Novel Technology in Management of Subtotal Tracheal Stenosis Long Term Results and Lessons Learned The Transplantation Society a b c d e f g h i j k The Macchiarini Case English summary PDF Stockholms lans landsting Stockholm County Council 31 August 2016 Archived from the original PDF on 25 February 2017 Fountain Henry 15 September 2012 Scientists Make Progress in Tailor Made Organs The New York Times p 1 Fountain Henry 7 March 2012 Christopher Lyles Got Synthetic Trachea Dies at 30 The New York Times a b c Coghlan Andy 27 June 2012 First synthetic larynx part transplanted New Scientist Macchiarini s seventh transplant patient dies Agence France Presse via The Local 20 March 2017 a b Adams Pam 1 May 2013 Toddler youngest in world to get lab made windpipe in Peoria operation Peoria Journal Star Fountain Henry 7 July 2013 Young Girl Given Bioengineered Windpipe Dies The New York Times a b Misconduct leads to retraction from Italian super surgeon under house arrest Retraction Watch 26 November 2012 Marotta Valentina 12 May 2015 Macchiarini rinviato a giudizio Corriere della Sera in Italian Marotta Valentina 25 September 2015 Macchiarini procura fa ricorso Fu truffa testimonianze ignorate Corriere della Sera in Italian Fountain Henry 24 November 2014 Leading Surgeon Is Accused of Misconduct in Experimental Transplant Operations The New York Times Super surgeon Macchiarini not guilty of misconduct per one Karolinska investigation Retraction Watch 14 April 2015 a b Vogel Gretchen 19 May 2015 Report finds trachea surgeon committed misconduct Science doi 10 1126 science aac4623 a b Vogel Gretchen 27 May 2015 Karolinska releases English translation of misconduct report on trachea surgeon Science doi 10 1126 science aac4649 Gerdin Report English Assignment ref 2 2184 2014 PDF Karolinska via CIRCARE 13 May 2015 Cyranoski David 2015 Artificial windpipe surgeon committed misconduct Nature 521 7553 406 407 Bibcode 2015Natur 521 406C doi 10 1038 nature 2015 17605 PMID 26017424 Trachea surgeon Macchiarini acted without due care but is not guilty of misconduct Karolinska Retraction Watch 28 August 2015 Keisu Claes 28 August 2015 Visiting Professor at Karolinska Institutet cleared from suspicions of scientific misconduct Karolinska Institutet Retrieved 12 February 2016 The Lancet 2015 Paolo Macchiarini is not guilty of scientific misconduct The Lancet 386 9997 932 doi 10 1016 S0140 6736 15 00118 X PMID 26369448 Hallbom Johannes Moberger Karin 13 January 2016 Utredaren star fast KI s stjarnkirurg har forskningsfuskat The investigator stands firm The KI s star surgeon accused of research fraud SVT Nyheter in Swedish Sveriges Television a b Reading about embattled trachea surgeon Paolo Macchiarini Here s what you need to know Retraction Watch 12 February 2016 Experimenten Stjarnkirurgen The Experiments The Star Surgeon Dokument inifran Sveriges Television 7 January 2016 Karolinska may reopen inquiry into star surgeon Macchiarini following documentary s revelations Retraction Watch 1 February 2016 Comment on the TV documentary Experimenten Karolinska Institute 28 January 2016 Andersson Carl V 1 February 2016 KI s ledning granskas av oberoende utredning KI s management reviewed by independent investigation Dagens Medicin in Swedish Fatal Experiments The Downfall of a Supersurgeon BBC Online BBC Retrieved 25 October 2016 Sjoqvist Sebastian Jungebluth Philipp Lim Mei Ling Haag Johannes C Gustafsson Ylva Lemon Greg Baiguera Silvia Burguillos Miguel Angel Del Gaudio Costantino Rodriguez Antonio Beltran Sotnichenko Alexander Kublickiene Karolina Ullman Henrik Kielstein Heike Damberg Peter Bianco Alessandra Heuchel Rainer Zhao Ying Ribatti Domenico Ibarra Cristian Joseph Bertrand Taylor Doris A Macchiarini Paolo 2017 Retraction Experimental orthotopic transplantation of a tissue engineered oesophagus in rats Nature Communications 8 15077 Bibcode 2017NatCo 815077S doi 10 1038 ncomms15077 PMC 5364417 PMID 28323815 Karolinska requests retraction of 2014 Macchiarini paper Retraction Watch 20 December 2016 Suspicion of research misconduct PDF Karolinska Institute 20 December 2016 Archived from the original PDF on 31 December 2016 Sjoqvist Sebastian Jungebluth Philipp Lim Mei Ling Haag Johannes C Gustafsson Ylva Lemon Greg Baiguera Silvia Burguillos Miguel Angel Del Gaudio Costantino Rodriguez Antonio Beltran Sotnichenko Alexander Kublickiene Karolina Ullman Henrik Kielstein Heike Damberg Peter Bianco Alessandra Heuchel Rainer Zhao Ying Ribatti Domenico Ibarra Cristian Joseph Bertrand Taylor Doris A Macchiarini Paolo 2016 Editorial Expression of Concern Experimental orthotopic transplantation of a tissue engineered oesophagus in rats Nature Communications 7 13310 Bibcode 2016NatCo 713310S doi 10 1038 ncomms13310 PMC 5512775 PMID 27739427 Enserink Martin 2016 Swedish academy seeks to stem crisis of confidence in wake of Macchiarini scandal Science doi 10 1126 science aaf4046 Claesson Welsh Lena Hansson Goran K Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences 2016 Tracheobronchial transplantation The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences concerns The Lancet 387 10022 942 doi 10 1016 S0140 6736 16 00520 1 PMID 26921133 The Lancet 2016 Expression of concern Tracheobronchial transplantation with a stem cell seeded bioartificial nanocomposite A proof of concept study The Lancet 387 10026 1359 doi 10 1016 S0140 6736 16 30091 5 PMID 27115801 S2CID 195675241 Philip Oltermann 24 March 2016 Superstar doctor fired from Swedish institute over research lies The Guardian Retrieved 24 March 2016 Shaffer Claire 2 August 2021 Dr Death Season 3 Tells True Crime Story of Italian Surgeon Rolling Stone Rolling Stone Retrieved 25 August 2021 Cyranoski David 2016 Nobel official resigns over Karolinska surgeon controversy Nature doi 10 1038 nature 2016 19332 S2CID 76406326 Anders Hamsten steps down as Vice Chancellor of Karolinska Institutet Karolinska Institute 12 February 2016 a b Abbott Alison 2016 Culture of silence and nonchalance protected disgraced trachea surgeon updated Nature doi 10 1038 nature 2016 20533 S2CID 211327639 Hawkes N 1 September 2016 Italian surgeon should never have been hired by Karolinska inquiry concludes BMJ Clinical Research Ed 354 i4754 doi 10 1136 bmj i4754 PMID 27585975 S2CID 12416652 Heckscher Sten et al September 2016 Karolinska Institutet and the Macchiarini case Summary in English and Swedish PDF Karolinska Institute Archived from the original PDF on 6 September 2016 Sweden fires board of institution handing out medicine Nobel after scandal Reuters 6 September 2016 Swedish Nobel judges fired in Karolinska medical scandal BBC News BBC 6 September 2016 Pressmeddelanden in Swedish Archived from the original on 7 November 2017 Retrieved 30 October 2017 Swedes indict surgeon for stem cell windpipe transplants Associated Press 30 September 2020 Skandalkirurgen Macchiarini doms for vallande till kroppsskada in Swedish 16 June 2022 External links EditInformation Index Trachea Transplants and Paolo Macchiarini M D by Citizens for Responsible Care and Research Inc Macchiarini posts at For Better Science Macchiarini posts at Retraction Watch Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Paolo Macchiarini amp oldid 1122235308, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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