The religion is based on Confucian moral ideas and ancestral worship, and includes meditation techniques modeled after neidan and pursuit of enlightenment.[1][3] Differently from other Chinese folk religious sects, the Sanyi philosophy is not expounded in the sentimental vernacular language but in the elaborate language of the Confucian literary tradition.[1] The "Three in One" is a philosophical concept expressing the original trinity proceeding from the Tao, the two principles, yin and yang, of the Great Pole.[4] The Great Pole is the One that contains yin and yang, the Two, in the Three.
Sanyiism was founded by Lin Zhao'en (1517–98), in Putian, Fujian.[3] Lin was born in an upper-class family, and among his ancestors and relatives were many officials and scholars. He started the usual career for the son of an influential family and passed the first civil examinations in 1534, but after failing the higher exams he forsook the career of an official to become a master of religion and philosophy according to the Confucian tradition.[1][5] Given this background, Lin Zhao'en doctrines show little influence from the vernacular folk religious tradition of the baojuan literature.[1]
Lin Zhao'en was instructed by other religious leaders, including a Confucian who taught him the true meaning of the Confucian classics and Taoists from whom he learnt neidan techniques.[6]
In 1585 the regional official Yang Sizhi wrote a proclamation of heterodoxy against Lin, upset by his claim to be the true interpreter of the Confucian tradition, rejecting Zhu Xi, and to continue the teachings of the sages of antiquity.[7] Despite the accusation of heterodoxy, the strength of the sect remained unshaken.[8]
In Sanyi holy scriptures Lin Zhao'en is portrayed as a supernatural savior of cosmic significance.[9] After Lin died, he was deified as the "Lord of the Three-in-One", and is worshipped in over a thousand temples in Fujian, and also in Taiwan and Southeast Asia's Chinese communities.[3]
The religious community split into a number of schools and spread beyond the borders of Fujian up to Anhui, and then reaching Beijing. The community in Nanjing developed as an influential centre of gravitation for the religion.[10] In Fujian, the religion developed into two major competing branches led by two direct disciples of Master Lin, namely Lu Wenhui and Lin Zhenming (alias Lin Zhijing).[9] Through the Qing dynasty the religion survived strong in Fujian but declined elsewhere, and at the end of the 19th century it started to strongly revive.[9]
As of 1998 the Church of the Three-in-One had approximately 500,000 adherents in Putian, which is 17% of the total population.[11] In 2011 it was officially recognised as a legal religion by the government of Fujian.[2]
Rituals
Three-in-One practices include the "heart method" of self-cultivation, which is still widely practised in Putian today.[3] The religion has its independent ritual tradition, similar to those of Taoism and Buddhism. Its ritual specialists perform communal offerings (jiao醮) and merit-makingfuneral services (gongde功德), along with individual rites.[3]
In some communities in the Putian region, the Sanyi temple has become the primary village temple, the centre of collective life.[3] Annual pilgrimages are made to the religion's central temple in Putian, Fujian.[3]
sanyi, teaching, harmonious, church, three, chinese, 三一教协会, pinyin, sānyī, jiào, xiéhuì, sanyiism, chinese, 三一教, pinyin, sānyī, jiào, xiaism, chinese, 夏教, pinyin, xià, jiào, chinese, folk, religious, sect, confucian, character, founded, 16th, century, zhao, pu. The Harmonious Church of the Three in One Chinese 三一教协会 pinyin Sanyi jiao xiehui a or Sanyiism Chinese 三一教 pinyin Sanyi jiao and Xiaism Chinese 夏教 pinyin Xia jiao b is a Chinese folk religious sect of Confucian character founded in the 16th century by Lin Zhao en in Putian 1 In 2011 it was officially recognised by the government of Fujian 2 Church of the Three in One三一教协会 Sanyi jiao xiehuiTypeChinese folk religious sectFounderLin Zhao enOrigin16th century Putian FujianOther name s Sanyiism 三一教 Xiaism 夏教 Official websitehttp www 31jiao com The religion is based on Confucian moral ideas and ancestral worship and includes meditation techniques modeled after neidan and pursuit of enlightenment 1 3 Differently from other Chinese folk religious sects the Sanyi philosophy is not expounded in the sentimental vernacular language but in the elaborate language of the Confucian literary tradition 1 The Three in One is a philosophical concept expressing the original trinity proceeding from the Tao the two principles yin and yang of the Great Pole 4 The Great Pole is the One that contains yin and yang the Two in the Three Contents 1 History 2 Rituals 3 See also 4 Footnotes 5 References 6 Bibliography 7 External linksHistory EditSanyiism was founded by Lin Zhao en 1517 98 in Putian Fujian 3 Lin was born in an upper class family and among his ancestors and relatives were many officials and scholars He started the usual career for the son of an influential family and passed the first civil examinations in 1534 but after failing the higher exams he forsook the career of an official to become a master of religion and philosophy according to the Confucian tradition 1 5 Given this background Lin Zhao en doctrines show little influence from the vernacular folk religious tradition of the baojuan literature 1 Lin Zhao en was instructed by other religious leaders including a Confucian who taught him the true meaning of the Confucian classics and Taoists from whom he learnt neidan techniques 6 In 1585 the regional official Yang Sizhi wrote a proclamation of heterodoxy against Lin upset by his claim to be the true interpreter of the Confucian tradition rejecting Zhu Xi and to continue the teachings of the sages of antiquity 7 Despite the accusation of heterodoxy the strength of the sect remained unshaken 8 In Sanyi holy scriptures Lin Zhao en is portrayed as a supernatural savior of cosmic significance 9 After Lin died he was deified as the Lord of the Three in One and is worshipped in over a thousand temples in Fujian and also in Taiwan and Southeast Asia s Chinese communities 3 The religious community split into a number of schools and spread beyond the borders of Fujian up to Anhui and then reaching Beijing The community in Nanjing developed as an influential centre of gravitation for the religion 10 In Fujian the religion developed into two major competing branches led by two direct disciples of Master Lin namely Lu Wenhui and Lin Zhenming alias Lin Zhijing 9 Through the Qing dynasty the religion survived strong in Fujian but declined elsewhere and at the end of the 19th century it started to strongly revive 9 As of 1998 the Church of the Three in One had approximately 500 000 adherents in Putian which is 17 of the total population 11 In 2011 it was officially recognised as a legal religion by the government of Fujian 2 Rituals EditThree in One practices include the heart method of self cultivation which is still widely practised in Putian today 3 The religion has its independent ritual tradition similar to those of Taoism and Buddhism Its ritual specialists perform communal offerings jiao 醮 and merit making funeral services gongde 功德 along with individual rites 3 In some communities in the Putian region the Sanyi temple has become the primary village temple the centre of collective life 3 Annual pilgrimages are made to the religion s central temple in Putian Fujian 3 See also EditChinese folk religion Chinese salvationist religions Confucianism Three TeachingsFootnotes Edit translated as Harmonious Church of the Three in One Harmonious Church of the Three One and Harmonious Church of the Trinity literally the Summertime Transmission References Edit a b c d e Seiwert 2003 p 343 a b China Zentrum Religions amp Christianity in Today s China Archived 2014 05 02 at the Wayback Machine Vol IV 2014 No 1 ISSN 2192 9289 pp 22 23 a b c d e f g Edward L Davis Encyclopedia of Contemporary Chinese Culture Sanyi jiao Dean 1998 pp 36 37 Seiwert 2003 p 350 Seiwert 2003 pp 346 347 Seiwert 2003 pp 350 351 Seiwert 2003 pp 352 353 a b c Seiwert 2003 p 356 Seiwert 2003 pp 353 354 Dean 1998 p 7Bibliography EditKenneth Dean Lord of the Three in One The Spread of a Cult in Southeast China Princeton University Press 1998 ISBN 0691028818 Edward L Davis Encyclopedia of Contemporary Chinese Culture Routledge 2005 ISBN 0415241294 Hubert Michael Seiwert Popular Religious Movements and Heterodox Sects in Chinese History Brill 2003 ISBN 9004131469External links EditThree One website Archived 2016 08 08 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Sanyi teaching amp oldid 1115037671, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
