The Honeywell 200 was a character-oriented[1]: 70C-4S0-01n two-address commercial computer introduced by Honeywell in December 1963,[2] the basis of later models in Honeywell 200 Series, including 1200, 1250, 2200, 3200, 4200 and others,[3][4] and the character processor of the Honeywell 8200 (1968).[5][6][7]
Closeup of system console. After a program was loaded, the value of individual memory locations could be altered using the console buttons.
Introduced to compete with IBM's 1401, the H200 was two or three times faster and, with software support, most of the time[8][9] could execute IBM 1401 programs without need for their recompilation or reassembly. The Liberator marketing campaign exploited this compatibility, and was credited in later Honeywell publicity statements with stalling the sales of IBM 1401 machines. Honeywell claimed an initial rush of hundreds of orders for the H200 that itself stalled when IBM countered[10][11] with a marketing emphasis on their System 360 product range that was then under development.
As designed by Director of Engineering William L. Gordon,[12][13] the H200 memory consisted of individually addressed characters, each composed of six data bits, two punctuation bits and a parity bit.[1]: 70C-4S0-01a The two punctuation bits recorded a word mark and an item mark, while both being set constituted a record mark. The item bit permitted item moves and record moves in addition to word moves (move successive characters one-by-one starting at the addresses given in the instruction, stopping when the relevant punctuation mark was found set in either field).
An instruction consisted of a one-character op-code, up to two operand addresses and an optional single character variant. Usually the op-code character would be word-marked, confirming the end of the previous instruction. An item-marked op-code would be handled differently from normal, and this was used in the emulation of IBM 1401 instructions that were not directly compatible. In two-character address mode, the full address defined one character in the 4K block currently addressed by the relevant register. In three-character address mode, the first three bits of an operand address could designate one of six index registers that occupied the first 24 addressable memory locations. The other two possible bit patterns indicated no indexing (000), or indirect addressing (111). In four-character address mode, the whole installed memory (up to 512K on a Model 4200) was directly addressable, and in addition, the top 5 bits of each address could specify direct addressing, indirect addressing, or indexed addressing via two sets of 15 4-character registers; in a program running in protected mode both sets were the same, located in the first 60 locations of the memory area to which the program was relocated.[14][15]
A Change Address Mode (CAM) instruction switched between 2-, 3- and 4-character address modes. The address mode specified the number of characters needed for each operand address in instructions.
A Change Sequence Mode (CSM) instruction exchanged the contents of the instruction counter and of a Change Sequence Register (two register of Control memory, slightly faster but much smaller than Main memory). This provided a simple switch between threads within a program, similar to the sequence/cosequence behaviour of the Honeywell 800 series.
While the H200 supported operation with just a console, card reader and punch like the IBM 1401, the generic Input-Output instructions also supported line printers, magnetic tape drives and disk drives.
IO instructions left punctuation bits unchanged, reading or writing only data (and parity) bits into memory, and terminating on any record mark encountered. A record mark could be placed at the end of an input buffer to prevent any buffer overflow, a problem that was to persist in many other systems into the 21st century.
The 200-series IO instructions were a Peripheral Data Transfer (PDT) and a Peripheral Control and Branch (PCB)[14] that explicitly implemented asynchronous IO. The PDT specified a device address, a buffer address and the transfer operation to be started, while the PCB specified a device address, a branch address and set the operating mode or tested the status of the device (branching to the specified address if the specified condition was met, for instance if the device was busy doing I/O). Both used the format Op-code Address I/O unit address Variant.
Software
The native assembly language was named Easycoder.
The Easycoder assembler generated an object file as a binary card deck that could be punched to cards or written to magnetic tape instead. The object file began with a bootstrapping routine so that each program could be loaded into memory, from card reader or magnetic tape, using a boot command from the console.
In the Mod 2 operating system, the Easycoder assembler and every compiler generated object modules on a "go file" on tape; these objects were then linked by means of the LINKLOAD program into one or more executable programs on a "job file", still on tape, which could either be run directly from the tape or loaded in 8-bit mode (i.e. including word marks and item marks) onto disk for faster execution.
Compilers
Although Honeywell placed strong emphasis on the use of COBOL,[1]: p.70C-480-01m it also supported FORTRAN and RPG.[1]: 70C-480-01i
Systems software
The H200 was commonly used as a spooling computer associated with a larger Honeywell 800 series machine. The H1800-II consisted of an H1800 mainframe equipped only with magnetic tape drives and an online adaptor (OLA) connection to a satellite H200 to simulate a card reader for reading low volumes of job control cards. The LINK program running on the H200 handled the OLA,[1]: 70C-480-01hh [16] copied punched cards or punched paper tape to magnetic tape, and copied records from magnetic tape to card punch and/or to line printer.
Higher Series-200 computers (H1200, H1250, H2200 and H4200) were mainframes in their own right, capable of handling (with the Mod 2 operating system) up to two simultaneous job streams in addition to the "resident monitor" (i.e. the kernel). The top-end computer in the series (the H4200) had a 1.33 MHz CPU which could address up to 512K (524288 characters) of memory.
computersAndAutomation :: Computer Census 1962-74. Jul 1974. p. 41 (301).
^Models in Series 200; model 200 was transistorized, later models used IC
"CHARACTERISTICS OF THE SERIES 200 PROCESSOR MODELS". Honeywell Series 200 and 2000(PDF). Apr 1974. pp. 70C-480-01b - 70C-480-01c (2-3).
^Harper, Charles A. (1969). Handbook of electronic packaging. McGraw-Hill. pp. 12–4.
The European Computer Users Handbook. Computer Consultants. 1968. pp. 1–130.
^New "Honeywell 8200" computer & other equipment inspected by Sir John Goodsell (Photo), 1970, retrieved 2019-02-26
^Strohl, Elaine K.; Kilgore, Yvonne H.; Sass, Margo A.; Goldstein, Gordon D. (October 1965). . Digital Computer Newsletter. OFFICE OF NAVAL RESEARCH ARLINGTON VA. 17 (4): 6–9. Archived from the original on March 8, 2021.
HATCH JR., THEODORE F.; GEYER, JAMES B. (Dec 1968). "Hardware/software Interaction on the Honeywell Model 8200". Managing Requirements Knowledge, International Workshop On(AFIPS): 891. doi:10.1109/AFIPS.1968.108.
H8200 Hardware Reference Prelim. Honeywell. Aug 1967. Alt URL
^Terry, Edward (2012-06-07). "Using Liberator". The IBM 1401 Demo Lab and Restoration Project Computer History Museum. 1401 Competition, mainly the Honeywell 200 with Liberator software. from the original on 2020-02-12. Retrieved 2020-02-12.
^""Most of the time ... a successful “Liberation”. If not, then ... patching the 1401 object deck before conversion."
^Dirk de Wit (1994). The Shaping of Automation: A Historical Analysis of the Interaction. ISBN9065504141.
^"IBM System 360 came as a response to the introduction of the Honeywell 200."
^"... the late Dr. William L. Gordon, who was the head of the team at Honeywell that designed the H200.
^ abHoneywell 200: programmers' reference manual. Honeywell Information Systems, inc. 1963.
^"OPTIONAL FORMS OF ADDRESSING Two optional forms of addressing are available with the Honeywell 200: indirect addressing and indexed addressing."
^"On-Line Adapter (connects a Series 200 processor to a Honeywell 800 or 1800)"
External links
"Honeywell Series 200". from the original on May 25, 2006. (in French and English)
January 05, 2023
honeywell, character, oriented, address, commercial, computer, introduced, honeywell, december, 1963, basis, later, models, series, including, 1200, 1250, 2200, 3200, 4200, others, character, processor, honeywell, 8200, 1968, system, console, left, shown, with. The Honeywell 200 was a character oriented 1 70C 4S0 01n two address commercial computer introduced by Honeywell in December 1963 2 the basis of later models in Honeywell 200 Series including 1200 1250 2200 3200 4200 and others 3 4 and the character processor of the Honeywell 8200 1968 5 6 7 System console left shown with IBM 1402 card reader punch Closeup of system console After a program was loaded the value of individual memory locations could be altered using the console buttons Introduced to compete with IBM s 1401 the H200 was two or three times faster and with software support most of the time 8 9 could execute IBM 1401 programs without need for their recompilation or reassembly The Liberator marketing campaign exploited this compatibility and was credited in later Honeywell publicity statements with stalling the sales of IBM 1401 machines Honeywell claimed an initial rush of hundreds of orders for the H200 that itself stalled when IBM countered 10 11 with a marketing emphasis on their System 360 product range that was then under development Contents 1 Architecture 2 Software 2 1 Compilers 2 2 Systems software 3 See also 4 References 5 External linksArchitecture EditAs designed by Director of Engineering William L Gordon 12 13 the H200 memory consisted of individually addressed characters each composed of six data bits two punctuation bits and a parity bit 1 70C 4S0 01a The two punctuation bits recorded a word mark and an item mark while both being set constituted a record mark The item bit permitted item moves and record moves in addition to word moves move successive characters one by one starting at the addresses given in the instruction stopping when the relevant punctuation mark was found set in either field An instruction consisted of a one character op code up to two operand addresses and an optional single character variant Usually the op code character would be word marked confirming the end of the previous instruction An item marked op code would be handled differently from normal and this was used in the emulation of IBM 1401 instructions that were not directly compatible In two character address mode the full address defined one character in the 4K block currently addressed by the relevant register In three character address mode the first three bits of an operand address could designate one of six index registers that occupied the first 24 addressable memory locations The other two possible bit patterns indicated no indexing 000 or indirect addressing 111 In four character address mode the whole installed memory up to 512K on a Model 4200 was directly addressable and in addition the top 5 bits of each address could specify direct addressing indirect addressing or indexed addressing via two sets of 15 4 character registers in a program running in protected mode both sets were the same located in the first 60 locations of the memory area to which the program was relocated 14 15 A Change Address Mode CAM instruction switched between 2 3 and 4 character address modes The address mode specified the number of characters needed for each operand address in instructions A Change Sequence Mode CSM instruction exchanged the contents of the instruction counter and of a Change Sequence Register two register of Control memory slightly faster but much smaller than Main memory This provided a simple switch between threads within a program similar to the sequence cosequence behaviour of the Honeywell 800 series While the H200 supported operation with just a console card reader and punch like the IBM 1401 the generic Input Output instructions also supported line printers magnetic tape drives and disk drives IO instructions left punctuation bits unchanged reading or writing only data and parity bits into memory and terminating on any record mark encountered A record mark could be placed at the end of an input buffer to prevent any buffer overflow a problem that was to persist in many other systems into the 21st century The 200 series IO instructions were a Peripheral Data Transfer PDT and a Peripheral Control and Branch PCB 14 that explicitly implemented asynchronous IO The PDT specified a device address a buffer address and the transfer operation to be started while the PCB specified a device address a branch address and set the operating mode or tested the status of the device branching to the specified address if the specified condition was met for instance if the device was busy doing I O Both used the format Op code Address I O unit address Variant Software EditThe native assembly language was named Easycoder The Easycoder assembler generated an object file as a binary card deck that could be punched to cards or written to magnetic tape instead The object file began with a bootstrapping routine so that each program could be loaded into memory from card reader or magnetic tape using a boot command from the console In the Mod 2 operating system the Easycoder assembler and every compiler generated object modules on a go file on tape these objects were then linked by means of the LINKLOAD program into one or more executable programs on a job file still on tape which could either be run directly from the tape or loaded in 8 bit mode i e including word marks and item marks onto disk for faster execution Compilers Edit Although Honeywell placed strong emphasis on the use of COBOL 1 p 70C 480 01m it also supported FORTRAN and RPG 1 70C 480 01i Systems software Edit The H200 was commonly used as a spooling computer associated with a larger Honeywell 800 series machine The H1800 II consisted of an H1800 mainframe equipped only with magnetic tape drives and an online adaptor OLA connection to a satellite H200 to simulate a card reader for reading low volumes of job control cards The LINK program running on the H200 handled the OLA 1 70C 480 01hh 16 copied punched cards or punched paper tape to magnetic tape and copied records from magnetic tape to card punch and or to line printer Higher Series 200 computers H1200 H1250 H2200 and H4200 were mainframes in their own right capable of handling with the Mod 2 operating system up to two simultaneous job streams in addition to the resident monitor i e the kernel The top end computer in the series the H4200 had a 1 33 MHz CPU which could address up to 512K 524288 characters of memory See also EditHoneywell 316References Edit a b c d e Honeywell 200 http www bitsavers org pdf honeywell datapro 70C 480 01 7404 Honeywell 200 2000 pdf bare URL PDF Series 200 installation dates computersAndAutomation Computer Census 1962 74 Jul 1974 p 41 301 Models in Series 200 model 200 was transistorized later models used IC CHARACTERISTICS OF THE SERIES 200 PROCESSOR MODELS Honeywell Series 200 and 2000 PDF Apr 1974 pp 70C 480 01b 70C 480 01c 2 3 Harper Charles A 1969 Handbook of electronic packaging McGraw Hill pp 12 4 The European Computer Users Handbook Computer Consultants 1968 pp 1 130 New Honeywell 8200 computer amp other equipment inspected by Sir John Goodsell Photo 1970 retrieved 2019 02 26 Strohl Elaine K Kilgore Yvonne H Sass Margo A Goldstein Gordon D October 1965 COMPUTERS AND DATA PROCESSING NORTH AMERICA 4 Honeywell Inc H 8200 Wellesley Massachusetts Digital Computer Newsletter OFFICE OF NAVAL RESEARCH ARLINGTON VA 17 4 6 9 Archived from the original on March 8 2021 HATCH JR THEODORE F GEYER JAMES B Dec 1968 Hardware software Interaction on the Honeywell Model 8200 Managing Requirements Knowledge International Workshop On AFIPS 891 doi 10 1109 AFIPS 1968 108 H8200 Hardware Reference Prelim Honeywell Aug 1967 Alt URL Terry Edward 2012 06 07 Using Liberator The IBM 1401 Demo Lab and Restoration Project Computer History Museum 1401 Competition mainly the Honeywell 200 with Liberator software Archived from the original on 2020 02 12 Retrieved 2020 02 12 Most of the time a successful Liberation If not then patching the 1401 object deck before conversion Dirk de Wit 1994 The Shaping of Automation A Historical Analysis of the Interaction ISBN 9065504141 IBM System 360 came as a response to the introduction of the Honeywell 200 Easycoder survivors June 8 2012 the late Dr William L Gordon who was the head of the team at Honeywell that designed the H200 a b Honeywell 200 programmers reference manual Honeywell Information Systems inc 1963 OPTIONAL FORMS OF ADDRESSING Two optional forms of addressing are available with the Honeywell 200 indirect addressing and indexed addressing On Line Adapter connects a Series 200 processor to a Honeywell 800 or 1800 External links Edit Honeywell Series 200 Archived from the original on May 25 2006 in French and English Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Honeywell 200 amp oldid 1090997674, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
