fbpx
Wikipedia

String Quartets (Schoenberg)

January 04, 2023

The Austrian composer Arnold Schoenberg published four string quartets, distributed over his lifetime: String Quartet No. 1 in D minor, Op. 7 (1905), String Quartet No. 2 in F♯ minor, Op. 10 (1908), String Quartet No. 3, Op. 30 (1927), and the String Quartet No. 4, Op. 37 (1936).

In addition to these, he wrote several other works for string quartet which were not published. The most notable was his early String Quartet in D major (1897). There was also a Presto in C major (c. 1895),[1] a Scherzo in F major (1897),[2] and later a Four-part Mirror Canon in A major (c. 1933).[3] Finally, several string quartets exist in fragmentary form. These include String Quartet in F major (before 1897), String Quartet in D minor (1904), String Quartet in C major (after 1904), String Quartet Movement (1926), String Quartet (1926), String Quartet in C major (after 1927) and String Quartet No. 5 (1949).

Schoenberg also wrote a Concerto for String Quartet and Orchestra in B♭ major (1933): a recomposition of a work by the Baroque composer George Frideric Handel.

String Quartet in D major

This string quartet in four movements is Schoenberg's earliest extant work of large scale: average duration of recorded performances is about 27 minutes. Completed in 1897, it was premiered privately on March 17, 1898, and publicly later that same year on December 20 in Vienna. It was published posthumously in 1966 (Faber Music, London).

Schoenberg's friend Alexander von Zemlinsky gave him much advice and criticism during the composition of this work. Zemlinsky even showed an early draft of it to Johannes Brahms, whom Schoenberg very much admired. It was given the old master's approval.[4]

The string quartet is in four movements:

  1. Allegro molto
  2. Intermezzo (Andantino grazioso)
  3. Theme and Variations (Andante con moto)
  4. Allegro

The original second movement was the Scherzo in F which now exists as a separate piece. Schoenberg substituted the Intermezzo at Zemlinsky's suggestion.

String Quartet No. 1, op. 7

 
Quartal harmony from Schoenberg's First String Quartet.  Play (help·info)

A large work consisting of one movement which lasts longer than 45 minutes, Schoenberg's First String Quartet was his first assured masterpiece, and it was the real beginning of his reputation as a composer. Begun in the summer of 1904 and completed in September 1905, this quartet is remarkable for its density and intensity of orchestration with only four instruments.

Unlike his later works, this work is tonal, bearing the key of D minor, though it stretches this to its limit with the thoroughly extended tonality of late Romantic music, such as the quartal harmony pictured at right[dubious – discuss]. It also carries a small collection of themes which appear again and again in many different guises. Besides his extension of tonality and tight motivic structure, Schoenberg makes use of another innovation, which he called "musical prose."[citation needed] Instead of balanced phrase structures typical of string quartet writing up to that period, he favored asymmetrical phrases that build themselves into larger cohesive groups.

According to Schoenberg, when he showed the score to Gustav Mahler, the composer exclaimed: "I have conducted the most difficult scores of Wagner; I have written complicated music myself in scores of up to thirty staves and more; yet here is a score of not more than four staves, and I am unable to read them."[5]

String Quartet No. 2, op. 10

 
String Quartet No. 2, movement 4
Performed by the Carmel Quartet, with soprano Rona Israel-Kolatt, in 2007
Problems playing this file? See media help.

This work in four movements was written during a very emotional time in Schoenberg's life. Though it bears the dedication "to my wife", it was written during Mathilde Schoenberg's affair with their friend and neighbour, artist Richard Gerstl, in 1908. It was first performed by the Rosé Quartet and the soprano Marie Gutheil-Schoder.

The second movement quotes the Viennese folk song, "O du lieber Augustin".[6] The third and fourth movements are quite unusual for a string quartet, as they also include a soprano singer, using poetry written by Stefan George. On setting George, Schoenberg himself later wrote, "I was inspired by poems of Stefan George, the German poet, to compose music to some of his poems and, surprisingly, without any expectation on my part, these songs showed a style quite different from everything I had written before. … New sounds were produced, a new kind of melody appeared, a new approach to expression of moods and characters was discovered."[7]

The string quartet is in four movements:

  1. Mäßig (Moderate), F♯ minor
  2. Sehr rasch (Very brisk), D minor
  3. "Litanei", langsam ("Litany", slow), E♭ minor, though from a Schenkerian perspective, "in spite of the decisive bass reading, the upper voice fails to unfold a fundamental line from the structural  "[8] or G♭ major[9]
  4. "Entrückung", sehr langsam ("Rapture", very slow), No key

Text

The latter two movements of the Second String Quartet are set to poems from Stefan George's collection Der siebente Ring (The Seventh Ring), which was published in 1907.

Litanei
Tief ist die trauer die mich umdüstert,
Ein tret ich wieder, Herr! in dein haus.

Lang war die reise, matt sind die glieder,
Leer sind die schreine, voll nur die qual.

Durstende zunge darbt nach dem weine.
Hart war gestritten, starr ist mein arm.

Gönne die ruhe schwankenden schritten,
Hungrigem gaume bröckle dein brot!

Schwach ist mein atem rufend dem traume,
Hohl sind die hände, fiebernd der mund.

Leih deine kühle, lösche die brände.
Tilge das hoffen, sende das licht!

Gluten im herzen lodern noch offen,
Innerst im grunde wacht noch ein schrei.

Töte das sehnen, schliesse die wunde!
Nimm mir die liebe, gib mir dein glück!

Litany
Deep is the sadness that gloomily comes over me,
Again I step, Lord, in your house.

Long was the journey, my limbs are weary,
The shrines are empty, only anguish is full.

My thirsty tongue desires wine.
The battle was hard, my arm is stiff.

Grudge peace to my staggering steps,
for my hungry gums break your bread!

Weak is my breath, calling the dream,
my hands are hollow, my mouth fevers.

Lend your coolness, douse the fires,
rub out hope, send the light!

Still active flames are glowing inside my heart;
in my deepest insides a cry awakens.

Kill the longing, close the wound!
Take love away from me, and give me your happiness!

Entrückung
Ich fühle luft von anderem planeten.
Mir blassen durch das dunkel die gesichter
Die freundlich eben noch sich zu mir drehten.

Und bäum und wege die ich liebte fahlen
Dass ich sie kaum mehr kenne und du lichter
Geliebter schatten—rufer meiner qualen—

Bist nun erloschen ganz in tiefern gluten
Um nach dem taumel streitenden getobes
Mit einem frommen schauer anzumuten.

Ich löse mich in tönen, kreisend, webend,
Ungründigen danks und unbenamten lobes
Dem grossen atem wunschlos mich ergebend.

Mich überfährt ein ungestümes wehen
Im rausch der weihe wo inbrünstige schreie
In staub geworfner beterinnen flehen:

Dann seh ich wie sich duftige nebel lüpfen
In einer sonnerfüllten klaren freie
Die nur umfängt auf fernsten bergesschlüpfen.

Der boden schüffert weiss und weich wie molke.
Ich steige über schluchten ungeheuer.
Ich fühle wie ich über letzter wolke

In einem meer kristallnen glanzes schwimme—
Ich bin ein funke nur vom heiligen feuer
Ich bin ein dröhnen nur der heiligen stimme.

Rapture
I feel air from another planet.
The faces that once turned to me in friendship
Pale in the darkness before me.

And trees and paths that I once loved fade away
So that I scarcely recognize them, and you bright
Beloved shadow—summoner of my anguish—

Are now extinguished completely in deeper flames
In order, after the frenzy of warring confusion,
To reappear in a pious display of awe.

I lose myself in tones, circling, weaving,
With unfathomable thanks and unnamable praise;
Bereft of desire, I surrender myself to the great breath.

A tempestuous wind overwhelms me
In the ecstasy of consecration where the fervent cries
Of women praying in the dust implore:

Then I see a filmy mist rising
In a sun-filled, open expanse
That includes only the farthest mountain retreats.

The land looks white and smooth like whey.
I climb over enormous ravines.
I feel like I am swimming above the furthest cloud

In a sea of crystal radiance—
I am only a spark of the holy fire
I am only a whisper of the holy voice.

String Quartet No. 3, op. 30

Schoenberg's Third String Quartet dates from 1927, after he had worked out the basic principles of his twelve-tone technique. Schoenberg had followed the "fundamental classicistic procedure" by modeling this work on Franz Schubert's String Quartet in A minor, Op. 29, without intending in any way to recall Schubert's composition.[10] There is evidence that Schoenberg regarded his 12-tone sets—independent of rhythm and register—as motivic in the commonly understood sense, and this has been demonstrated with particular reference to the second movement of this quartet.[11]

The piece was commissioned by Elizabeth Sprague Coolidge on March 2, 1927, though the work had already been completed by this time, and its première was given in Vienna on September 19, 1927, by the Kolisch Quartet.

The string quartet is in four movements:

  1. Moderato
  2. Theme and Variations (Adagio)
  3. Intermezzo (Allegro moderato)
  4. Rondo (Molto moderato)

String Quartet No. 4, op. 37

The Fourth String Quartet of 1936 is very much representative of Schoenberg's late style. The slow movement opens with a long unison recitative in all four instruments while the finale has the character of a march, similar to the last movement of Schoenberg's Violin Concerto written about the same time.

The string quartet is in four movements:

  1. Allegro molto, Energico
  2. Comodo
  3. Largo
  4. Allegro

References

  1. ^ Eike Feß. "Presto für Streichquartett". Arnold Schönberg Center.
  2. ^ Eike Feß. "Scherzo für Streichquartett". Arnold Schönberg Center.
  3. ^ "Canons and contrapuntal settings". Arnold Schönberg Center., Kanons und kontrapunktische Sätze – Vierstimmiger Spiegelkanon für Streichquartett (A Dur) GA A 18.33 Kanon (vermutlich um 1930/35)
  4. ^ MacDonald, Malcolm. 2001. Brahms. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-816484-X[page needed]
  5. ^ Schoenberg, Arnold. Style and Idea. University of California Press, Los Angeles, 1984. ISBN 0-520-05294-3 p. 42
  6. ^ Muxeneder.
  7. ^ Simms, Bryan R. (2000). The Atonal Music of Arnold Schoenberg, 1908–1923. New York: Oxford University Press. p. 29. ISBN 978-0-19-535185-9. OCLC 252600219.
  8. ^ Catherine Dale, "Schoenberg's Concept of Variation Form: A Paradigmatic Analysis of 'Litanei' from the Second String Quartet, Op. 10", Journal of the Royal Musical Association 118, No. 1 (1993): 94-120, citation on 101–102.
  9. ^ Taruskin, Richard (2009). Music in the Early Twentieth Century. Oxford University Press. p. 315.
  10. ^ Rosen, Charles. 1996. Arnold Schoenberg, with a new preface. Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 0-226-72643-6. p. 89
  11. ^ Peles, Stephen. "Interpretations of Sets in Multiple Dimensions: Notes on the Second Movement of Arnold Schoenberg's String Quartet Number 3". Perspectives of New Music, 22, nos. 1 & 2 (Fall/Winter 1983 – Spring/Summer 1984): 303–52. pp. 303–304.

Further reading

  • Babbitt, Milton. 2003. The Collected Essays of Milton Babbitt, edited by Stephen Peles, with Stephen Dembski, Andrew Mead, and Joseph N. Straus. Princeton and Oxford: Princeton University Press. ISBN 0-691-08966-3
  • Barbier, Pierre E. 1997. String Quartets nos. 1, 2, "Historical Legitimacy", included booklet. Praga Digitals PRD 250 112 HMCD 90. Prague.
  • Burkholder, J. Peter. 1999. "Schoenberg the Reactionary". In Schoenberg and his World, edited by Walter Frisch,[page needed]. Princeton University Press. ISBN 0-691-04861-4
  • Frisch, Walter (Summer 1988). "Thematic Form and the Genesis of Schoenberg's D-Minor Quartet, Opus 7". The Journal of the American Musicological Society. 41 (2): 289–314. doi:10.2307/831435.
  • Harrison, Max. 1999. Schoenberg, the String Quartets, in booklet for "Four Staging Posts on Schoenberg's Musical Journey". Phillips Classics 464 046-2. Munich.
  • Schoenberg, Arnold. 1997. String Quartets nos. 1 and 2. Mineola, New York: Dover Publications, Inc. ISBN 0-486-29693-8
  • Stolz, Nolan. 2008. "Contrapuntal Techniques in Schoenberg's Fourth String Quartet". Eunomios (August): 1–10.

External links

January 04, 2023
string, quartets, schoenberg, austrian, composer, arnold, schoenberg, published, four, string, quartets, distributed, over, lifetime, string, quartet, minor, 1905, string, quartet, minor, 1908, string, quartet, 1927, string, quartet, 1936, addition, these, wro. The Austrian composer Arnold Schoenberg published four string quartets distributed over his lifetime String Quartet No 1 in D minor Op 7 1905 String Quartet No 2 in F minor Op 10 1908 String Quartet No 3 Op 30 1927 and the String Quartet No 4 Op 37 1936 In addition to these he wrote several other works for string quartet which were not published The most notable was his early String Quartet in D major 1897 There was also a Presto in C major c 1895 1 a Scherzo in F major 1897 2 and later a Four part Mirror Canon in A major c 1933 3 Finally several string quartets exist in fragmentary form These include String Quartet in F major before 1897 String Quartet in D minor 1904 String Quartet in C major after 1904 String Quartet Movement 1926 String Quartet 1926 String Quartet in C major after 1927 and String Quartet No 5 1949 Schoenberg also wrote a Concerto for String Quartet and Orchestra in B major 1933 a recomposition of a work by the Baroque composer George Frideric Handel Contents 1 String Quartet in D major 2 String Quartet No 1 op 7 3 String Quartet No 2 op 10 3 1 Text 4 String Quartet No 3 op 30 5 String Quartet No 4 op 37 6 References 7 Further reading 8 External linksString Quartet in D major EditThis string quartet in four movements is Schoenberg s earliest extant work of large scale average duration of recorded performances is about 27 minutes Completed in 1897 it was premiered privately on March 17 1898 and publicly later that same year on December 20 in Vienna It was published posthumously in 1966 Faber Music London Schoenberg s friend Alexander von Zemlinsky gave him much advice and criticism during the composition of this work Zemlinsky even showed an early draft of it to Johannes Brahms whom Schoenberg very much admired It was given the old master s approval 4 The string quartet is in four movements Allegro moltoIntermezzo Andantino grazioso Theme and Variations Andante con moto Allegro The original second movement was the Scherzo in F which now exists as a separate piece Schoenberg substituted the Intermezzo at Zemlinsky s suggestion String Quartet No 1 op 7 Edit Quartal harmony from Schoenberg s First String Quartet Play help info A large work consisting of one movement which lasts longer than 45 minutes Schoenberg s First String Quartet was his first assured masterpiece and it was the real beginning of his reputation as a composer Begun in the summer of 1904 and completed in September 1905 this quartet is remarkable for its density and intensity of orchestration with only four instruments Unlike his later works this work is tonal bearing the key of D minor though it stretches this to its limit with the thoroughly extended tonality of late Romantic music such as the quartal harmony pictured at right dubious discuss It also carries a small collection of themes which appear again and again in many different guises Besides his extension of tonality and tight motivic structure Schoenberg makes use of another innovation which he called musical prose citation needed Instead of balanced phrase structures typical of string quartet writing up to that period he favored asymmetrical phrases that build themselves into larger cohesive groups According to Schoenberg when he showed the score to Gustav Mahler the composer exclaimed I have conducted the most difficult scores of Wagner I have written complicated music myself in scores of up to thirty staves and more yet here is a score of not more than four staves and I am unable to read them 5 String Quartet No 2 op 10 Edit String Quartet No 2 movement 4 source source Performed by the Carmel Quartet with soprano Rona Israel Kolatt in 2007 Problems playing this file See media help This work in four movements was written during a very emotional time in Schoenberg s life Though it bears the dedication to my wife it was written during Mathilde Schoenberg s affair with their friend and neighbour artist Richard Gerstl in 1908 It was first performed by the Rose Quartet and the soprano Marie Gutheil Schoder The second movement quotes the Viennese folk song O du lieber Augustin 6 The third and fourth movements are quite unusual for a string quartet as they also include a soprano singer using poetry written by Stefan George On setting George Schoenberg himself later wrote I was inspired by poems of Stefan George the German poet to compose music to some of his poems and surprisingly without any expectation on my part these songs showed a style quite different from everything I had written before New sounds were produced a new kind of melody appeared a new approach to expression of moods and characters was discovered 7 The string quartet is in four movements Massig Moderate F minorSehr rasch Very brisk D minor Litanei langsam Litany slow E minor though from a Schenkerian perspective in spite of the decisive bass reading the upper voice fails to unfold a fundamental line from the structural 8 or G major 9 Entruckung sehr langsam Rapture very slow No key Text Edit The latter two movements of the Second String Quartet are set to poems from Stefan George s collection Der siebente Ring The Seventh Ring which was published in 1907 Litanei Tief ist die trauer die mich umdustert Ein tret ich wieder Herr in dein haus Lang war die reise matt sind die glieder Leer sind die schreine voll nur die qual Durstende zunge darbt nach dem weine Hart war gestritten starr ist mein arm Gonne die ruhe schwankenden schritten Hungrigem gaume brockle dein brot Schwach ist mein atem rufend dem traume Hohl sind die hande fiebernd der mund Leih deine kuhle losche die brande Tilge das hoffen sende das licht Gluten im herzen lodern noch offen Innerst im grunde wacht noch ein schrei Tote das sehnen schliesse die wunde Nimm mir die liebe gib mir dein gluck Litany Deep is the sadness that gloomily comes over me Again I step Lord in your house Long was the journey my limbs are weary The shrines are empty only anguish is full My thirsty tongue desires wine The battle was hard my arm is stiff Grudge peace to my staggering steps for my hungry gums break your bread Weak is my breath calling the dream my hands are hollow my mouth fevers Lend your coolness douse the fires rub out hope send the light Still active flames are glowing inside my heart in my deepest insides a cry awakens Kill the longing close the wound Take love away from me and give me your happiness Entruckung Ich fuhle luft von anderem planeten Mir blassen durch das dunkel die gesichter Die freundlich eben noch sich zu mir drehten Und baum und wege die ich liebte fahlen Dass ich sie kaum mehr kenne und du lichter Geliebter schatten rufer meiner qualen Bist nun erloschen ganz in tiefern gluten Um nach dem taumel streitenden getobes Mit einem frommen schauer anzumuten Ich lose mich in tonen kreisend webend Ungrundigen danks und unbenamten lobes Dem grossen atem wunschlos mich ergebend Mich uberfahrt ein ungestumes wehen Im rausch der weihe wo inbrunstige schreie In staub geworfner beterinnen flehen Dann seh ich wie sich duftige nebel lupfen In einer sonnerfullten klaren freie Die nur umfangt auf fernsten bergesschlupfen Der boden schuffert weiss und weich wie molke Ich steige uber schluchten ungeheuer Ich fuhle wie ich uber letzter wolke In einem meer kristallnen glanzes schwimme Ich bin ein funke nur vom heiligen feuer Ich bin ein drohnen nur der heiligen stimme Rapture I feel air from another planet The faces that once turned to me in friendship Pale in the darkness before me And trees and paths that I once loved fade away So that I scarcely recognize them and you bright Beloved shadow summoner of my anguish Are now extinguished completely in deeper flames In order after the frenzy of warring confusion To reappear in a pious display of awe I lose myself in tones circling weaving With unfathomable thanks and unnamable praise Bereft of desire I surrender myself to the great breath A tempestuous wind overwhelms me In the ecstasy of consecration where the fervent cries Of women praying in the dust implore Then I see a filmy mist rising In a sun filled open expanse That includes only the farthest mountain retreats The land looks white and smooth like whey I climb over enormous ravines I feel like I am swimming above the furthest cloud In a sea of crystal radiance I am only a spark of the holy fire I am only a whisper of the holy voice String Quartet No 3 op 30 EditSchoenberg s Third String Quartet dates from 1927 after he had worked out the basic principles of his twelve tone technique Schoenberg had followed the fundamental classicistic procedure by modeling this work on Franz Schubert s String Quartet in A minor Op 29 without intending in any way to recall Schubert s composition 10 There is evidence that Schoenberg regarded his 12 tone sets independent of rhythm and register as motivic in the commonly understood sense and this has been demonstrated with particular reference to the second movement of this quartet 11 The piece was commissioned by Elizabeth Sprague Coolidge on March 2 1927 though the work had already been completed by this time and its premiere was given in Vienna on September 19 1927 by the Kolisch Quartet The string quartet is in four movements ModeratoTheme and Variations Adagio Intermezzo Allegro moderato Rondo Molto moderato String Quartet No 4 op 37 EditThe Fourth String Quartet of 1936 is very much representative of Schoenberg s late style The slow movement opens with a long unison recitative in all four instruments while the finale has the character of a march similar to the last movement of Schoenberg s Violin Concerto written about the same time The string quartet is in four movements Allegro molto EnergicoComodoLargoAllegroReferences Edit Eike Fess Presto fur Streichquartett Arnold Schonberg Center Eike Fess Scherzo fur Streichquartett Arnold Schonberg Center Canons and contrapuntal settings Arnold Schonberg Center Kanons und kontrapunktische Satze Vierstimmiger Spiegelkanon fur Streichquartett A Dur GA A 18 33 Kanon vermutlich um 1930 35 MacDonald Malcolm 2001 Brahms Oxford and New York Oxford University Press ISBN 0 19 816484 X page needed Schoenberg Arnold Style and Idea University of California Press Los Angeles 1984 ISBN 0 520 05294 3 p 42 Muxeneder Simms Bryan R 2000 The Atonal Music of Arnold Schoenberg 1908 1923 New York Oxford University Press p 29 ISBN 978 0 19 535185 9 OCLC 252600219 Catherine Dale Schoenberg s Concept of Variation Form A Paradigmatic Analysis of Litanei from the Second String Quartet Op 10 Journal of the Royal Musical Association 118 No 1 1993 94 120 citation on 101 102 Taruskin Richard 2009 Music in the Early Twentieth Century Oxford University Press p 315 Rosen Charles 1996 Arnold Schoenberg with a new preface Chicago and London University of Chicago Press ISBN 0 226 72643 6 p 89 Peles Stephen Interpretations of Sets in Multiple Dimensions Notes on the Second Movement of Arnold Schoenberg s String Quartet Number 3 Perspectives of New Music 22 nos 1 amp 2 Fall Winter 1983 Spring Summer 1984 303 52 pp 303 304 Further reading EditBabbitt Milton 2003 The Collected Essays of Milton Babbitt edited by Stephen Peles with Stephen Dembski Andrew Mead and Joseph N Straus Princeton and Oxford Princeton University Press ISBN 0 691 08966 3 Barbier Pierre E 1997 String Quartets nos 1 2 Historical Legitimacy included booklet Praga Digitals PRD 250 112 HMCD 90 Prague Burkholder J Peter 1999 Schoenberg the Reactionary In Schoenberg and his World edited by Walter Frisch page needed Princeton University Press ISBN 0 691 04861 4 Frisch Walter Summer 1988 Thematic Form and the Genesis of Schoenberg s D Minor Quartet Opus 7 The Journal of the American Musicological Society 41 2 289 314 doi 10 2307 831435 Harrison Max 1999 Schoenberg the String Quartets in booklet for Four Staging Posts on Schoenberg s Musical Journey Phillips Classics 464 046 2 Munich Schoenberg Arnold 1997 String Quartets nos 1 and 2 Mineola New York Dover Publications Inc ISBN 0 486 29693 8 Stolz Nolan 2008 Contrapuntal Techniques in Schoenberg s Fourth String Quartet Eunomios August 1 10 External links Edit String Quartet in D major 1897 Arnold Schonberg Center Matthias Schmidt String Quartet No 1 Arnold Schonberg Center Therese Muxeneder String Quartet No 2 Arnold Schonberg Center Camille Crittenden String Quartet No 3 Arnold Schonberg Center Mirjam Schlemmer String Quartet No 4 Arnold Schonberg Center String Quartet No 1 Op 7 String Quartet No 2 Op 10 String Quartet No 3 Op 30 String Quartet No 4 Op 37 Scores at the International Music Score Library Project Portal Classical music Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title String Quartets Schoenberg amp oldid 1102617538, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

article

, read, download, free, free download, mp3, video, mp4, 3gp, jpg, jpeg, gif, png, picture, music, song, movie, book, game, games.