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Dzongka

January 01, 1970

This article is about a town in Tibet. It is not to be confused with Dzongkha.

Dzongka[1] (Tibetan: རྫོང་དགའ, Wylie: rdzong dga', THL: dzong ga) or Zongga (Chinese: 宗嘎镇; pinyin: Zōnggá Zhèn)[2] is a town and the administrative headquarters of Gyirong County[3] in the southwestern Tibet region of China bordering Nepal. Being the administrative headquarters, it is also sometimes referred to as "Gyirong Dzong" or "Gyirong Town", but it is different from the original Kyirong Town in the southern part of the county.

Dzongka
རྫོང་དགའ · 宗嘎镇
Town
Zongga
Dzongka
Coordinates (Dzongka Town government): 28°51′22″N 85°17′48″E / 28.8562°N 85.2966°E / 28.8562; 85.2966
CountryPeople's Republic of China
Autonomous regionTibet
Prefecture-level cityShigatse
CountyGyirong (Kyirong)

Dzongka and Gyirong County were on the ancient trade route between the Kathmandu Valley and Tibet. During the 18th century, the region faced an invasion from Nepal, which resulted in some destruction of the town.

Name edit

"Dzongka" means "mud wall" in Tibetan. The town had eight-metre-high mud walls around it, which is believed to have led to this popular name. The original name of the town, as well as the region, was Gungthang (var: Gungtang, Wylie: gung thang).[4][5]

Geography edit

 
Kyirong Tsangpo (Trisuli) river

Dzongka lies at an altitude of 4,130 metres (13,550 ft) in the valley of Kyirong Tsangpo near the confluence of its two source streams, Zarong Chu and Gyang Chu.[1][6]

The Kyirong Tsangpo valley, which continues into Nepal as the Trishuli River, has provided the ancient trade route between the Kathmandu valley and Tibet.

The Dzongka township contains six villages in addition to its own town community: Phula, Jiamu village, Gong village, Tsalung (Zalong), Xia village, and Orma (Woma village).[7]

History edit

Early and medieval edit

 
Milarepa, painting by the 10th Karmapa

Dzongka was the capital of the kingdom of Gungthang, which covered the upper Kyirong Tsangpo valley (while Kyirong Town was the capital of Mangyul—the lower Kyirong valley).[8][9][10] The walled fortification of the town is said to have been built by a king named Chen Lhamchok De (gcen lha-mchog lde), often called Dolé.[11]

Gungthang, along with the neighbouring kingdom of Lo (now in Nepal), were regarded as part of Ngari Me ("Lower Ngari").[12][13][10][a] The entire Ngari region, which was originally part of the Zhangzhung kingdom, was conquered by Central Tibet around 645 AD.[14][12][b] In the 8th century, Indian Buddhist preachers such as Padmasambhava and Śāntarakṣita visited Tibet using the route through Nepal and Gungthang.[14][12]

By the 10th century, the Central Tibetan empire fragmented with rival factions fighting for power and regional power centres rising. In 910 AD, the Tibetan ruler Depal Khortsen was murdered, and his two sons fled to Ngari. The elder son, Kyide Nyimagon, went to establish a kingdom in Ngari To ("Upper Ngari") and the younger son, Tashi Tsekpa-pel (Bkra-shis-brtsegs-pa-dpal), came to Ngari Me, establishing the Gungthang kingdom at Dzongka.[15] The descendants of Tashi Tsekpa continued to rule Gungthang till the eventual absorption into Tsang in the 17th century.[16]

Milarepa (1040–1123), called Tibet's greatest poet-saint, was born at Tsalung, a village in the Dzongka township. He was a contemporary of the ruler Lhamchok De. Milarepa spent a good part of his life at Drakar Taso ("eagle's nest"), a hermitage on the border between Gungthang and Mangyul.[9][15]

In the late 12th century, a Gungthang princess was sent to Sakya as the third consort of Zangtsa Sonam Gyeltsen (zangs tsha bsod nams rgyal mtshan). This obtained for Gungthang the powerful protection of the Sakya hierarchs.[17] As the Sakya allied with the Mongols, Gungthang became an important power centre in Ngari.[18] In 1290, the forces of Kublai Khan fought those of the Chagatai Khanate at Dzongka over the control of Tibet, and defeated them.[19]

With the decline of Sakya and the Mongol Yuan dynasty, Gungthang's period of ascendance came to an end in the 14th century. For a time, Gungthang was eclipsed by Yatse, but it continued nevertheless with a reduced status.[20] In 1620, the kingdom was sacked by Tsang and became part of Central Tibet.[14] In 1642, the Ganden Phodrang administration under the Fifth Dalai Lama was established by the Mongols over the whole of Central Tibet.[21]

Modern edit

Maps edit

  •  
    Map including "Jongkha Dzong" (AMS, 1955)
  •  
    Map including "Gyirong (Zongga)" (DMA, 1985)

See also edit

Notes edit

  1. ^ The present day Ngari Prefecture of Tibet does not include Ngari Me.
  2. ^ Scholar David P. Jackson remarks that "Ngari" can be understood as "conquered land", perhaps a reference to this conquest.

References edit

  1. ^ a b Dorje 2004, p. 327.
  2. ^ "Geographical names of Tibet AR (China): Xigazê Prefecture-Level City". KNAB Place Name Database. Institute of the Estonian Language. 2018-06-03.
  3. ^ 2019年统计用区划代码和城乡划分代码：吉隆县. National Bureau of Statistics of the People's Republic of China.
  4. ^ Roberts 2000, pp. 165–166.
  5. ^ Ryavec 2015, p. 72, Map 17.
  6. ^ Tibetmap sheet 2885, Tibet Map Institute, retrieved 7 January 2023.
  7. ^ 2019年统计用区划代码和城乡划分代码：宗嘎镇. National Bureau of Statistics of the People's Republic of China. 2022.
  8. ^ Roberts 2000, p. 165.
  9. ^ a b Chan 1994, p. 924.
  10. ^ a b Ryavec 2015, p. 72, Map 17; p. 80, Map 20.
  11. ^ Roberts 2000, p. 166.
  12. ^ a b c Jackson 1976, p. 40.
  13. ^ Diemberger 2014, pp. 33–34.
  14. ^ a b c Diemberger 2014, p. 34.
  15. ^ a b Jackson 1976, p. 43.
  16. ^ Diemberger 2014, pp. 34–35.
  17. ^ Jackson 1976, p. 44.
  18. ^ Jackson 1976, p. 45.
  19. ^ Ryavec 2015, p. 86, Map 22.
  20. ^ Jackson 1976, p. 46.
  21. ^ Jigme N. Kazi (2020). Sons of Sikkim: The Rise and Fall of the Namgyal Dynasty of Sikkim. Notion Press. ISBN 978-1-64805-981-0.

Bibliography edit

  • Chan, Victor (1994), Tibet Handbook, Moon Publications – via archive.org
  • Diemberger, Hildegard (2014). When a Woman Becomes a Religious Dynasty: The Samding Dorje Phagmo of Tibet. Columbia University Press. ISBN 978-0-231-14321-9.
  • Dorje, Gyurme (2004), Footprint Tibet Handbook with Bhutan (3rd ed.), Bath: Footprint Handbooks, ISBN 1-903471-30-3 – via archive.org
  • Jackson, David P. (1976), "The early history of Lo (Mustang) and Ngari" (PDF), Journal of the Institute of Nepal and Asian Studies, 4 (1), Kathmandu: Tribhuvan University: 39–56
  • Roberts, Peter Alan (2007). The Biographies of Rechungpa: The Evolution of a Tibetan Hagiography. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-135-98912-5.
    • Roberts, Peter Alan (2000), The Biographies of Ras-chung-pa: The Evolution of a Tibetan Hagiography, University of Oxford
  • Ryavec, Karl E. (2015), A Historical Atlas of Tibet, University of Chicago Press, ISBN 978-0-226-24394-8

External links edit

January 01, 1970
dzongka, this, article, about, town, tibet, confused, with, dzongkha, tibetan, དགའ, wylie, rdzong, dzong, zongga, chinese, 宗嘎镇, pinyin, zōnggá, zhèn, town, administrative, headquarters, gyirong, county, southwestern, tibet, region, china, bordering, nepal, bei. This article is about a town in Tibet It is not to be confused with Dzongkha Dzongka 1 Tibetan ར ང དགའ Wylie rdzong dga THL dzong ga or Zongga Chinese 宗嘎镇 pinyin Zōngga Zhen 2 is a town and the administrative headquarters of Gyirong County 3 in the southwestern Tibet region of China bordering Nepal Being the administrative headquarters it is also sometimes referred to as Gyirong Dzong or Gyirong Town but it is different from the original Kyirong Town in the southern part of the county Dzongka ར ང དགའ 宗嘎镇TownZonggaDzongkaCoordinates Dzongka Town government 28 51 22 N 85 17 48 E 28 8562 N 85 2966 E 28 8562 85 2966CountryPeople s Republic of ChinaAutonomous regionTibetPrefecture level cityShigatseCountyGyirong Kyirong Dzongka and Gyirong County were on the ancient trade route between the Kathmandu Valley and Tibet During the 18th century the region faced an invasion from Nepal which resulted in some destruction of the town Contents 1 Name 2 Geography 3 History 3 1 Early and medieval 3 2 Modern 4 Maps 5 See also 6 Notes 7 References 8 Bibliography 9 External linksName edit Dzongka means mud wall in Tibetan The town had eight metre high mud walls around it which is believed to have led to this popular name The original name of the town as well as the region was Gungthang var Gungtang Wylie gung thang 4 5 Geography edit nbsp Kyirong Tsangpo Trisuli river Dzongka lies at an altitude of 4 130 metres 13 550 ft in the valley of Kyirong Tsangpo near the confluence of its two source streams Zarong Chu and Gyang Chu 1 6 The Kyirong Tsangpo valley which continues into Nepal as the Trishuli River has provided the ancient trade route between the Kathmandu valley and Tibet The Dzongka township contains six villages in addition to its own town community Phula Jiamu village Gong village Tsalung Zalong Xia village and Orma Woma village 7 History editEarly and medieval edit nbsp Milarepa painting by the 10th Karmapa Dzongka was the capital of the kingdom of Gungthang which covered the upper Kyirong Tsangpo valley while Kyirong Town was the capital of Mangyul the lower Kyirong valley 8 9 10 The walled fortification of the town is said to have been built by a king named Chen Lhamchok De gcen lha mchog lde often called Dole 11 Gungthang along with the neighbouring kingdom of Lo now in Nepal were regarded as part of Ngari Me Lower Ngari 12 13 10 a The entire Ngari region which was originally part of the Zhangzhung kingdom was conquered by Central Tibet around 645 AD 14 12 b In the 8th century Indian Buddhist preachers such as Padmasambhava and Santarakṣita visited Tibet using the route through Nepal and Gungthang 14 12 By the 10th century the Central Tibetan empire fragmented with rival factions fighting for power and regional power centres rising In 910 AD the Tibetan ruler Depal Khortsen was murdered and his two sons fled to Ngari The elder son Kyide Nyimagon went to establish a kingdom in Ngari To Upper Ngari and the younger son Tashi Tsekpa pel Bkra shis brtsegs pa dpal came to Ngari Me establishing the Gungthang kingdom at Dzongka 15 The descendants of Tashi Tsekpa continued to rule Gungthang till the eventual absorption into Tsang in the 17th century 16 Milarepa 1040 1123 called Tibet s greatest poet saint was born at Tsalung a village in the Dzongka township He was a contemporary of the ruler Lhamchok De Milarepa spent a good part of his life at Drakar Taso eagle s nest a hermitage on the border between Gungthang and Mangyul 9 15 In the late 12th century a Gungthang princess was sent to Sakya as the third consort of Zangtsa Sonam Gyeltsen zangs tsha bsod nams rgyal mtshan This obtained for Gungthang the powerful protection of the Sakya hierarchs 17 As the Sakya allied with the Mongols Gungthang became an important power centre in Ngari 18 In 1290 the forces of Kublai Khan fought those of the Chagatai Khanate at Dzongka over the control of Tibet and defeated them 19 With the decline of Sakya and the Mongol Yuan dynasty Gungthang s period of ascendance came to an end in the 14th century For a time Gungthang was eclipsed by Yatse but it continued nevertheless with a reduced status 20 In 1620 the kingdom was sacked by Tsang and became part of Central Tibet 14 In 1642 the Ganden Phodrang administration under the Fifth Dalai Lama was established by the Mongols over the whole of Central Tibet 21 Modern edit This section needs expansion You can help by adding to it January 2023 Maps edit nbsp Map including Jongkha Dzong AMS 1955 nbsp Map including Gyirong Zongga DMA 1985 See also editList of towns and villages in TibetNotes edit The present day Ngari Prefecture of Tibet does not include Ngari Me Scholar David P Jackson remarks that Ngari can be understood as conquered land perhaps a reference to this conquest References edit a b Dorje 2004 p 327 Geographical names of Tibet AR China Xigaze Prefecture Level City KNAB Place Name Database Institute of the Estonian Language 2018 06 03 2019年统计用区划代码和城乡划分代码 吉隆县 National Bureau of Statistics of the People s Republic of China Roberts 2000 pp 165 166 Ryavec 2015 p 72 Map 17 Tibetmap sheet 2885 Tibet Map Institute retrieved 7 January 2023 2019年统计用区划代码和城乡划分代码 宗嘎镇 National Bureau of Statistics of the People s Republic of China 2022 Roberts 2000 p 165 a b Chan 1994 p 924 a b Ryavec 2015 p 72 Map 17 p 80 Map 20 Roberts 2000 p 166 a b c Jackson 1976 p 40 Diemberger 2014 pp 33 34 a b c Diemberger 2014 p 34 a b Jackson 1976 p 43 Diemberger 2014 pp 34 35 Jackson 1976 p 44 Jackson 1976 p 45 Ryavec 2015 p 86 Map 22 Jackson 1976 p 46 Jigme N Kazi 2020 Sons of Sikkim The Rise and Fall of the Namgyal Dynasty of Sikkim Notion Press ISBN 978 1 64805 981 0 Bibliography editChan Victor 1994 Tibet Handbook Moon Publications via archive org Diemberger Hildegard 2014 When a Woman Becomes a Religious Dynasty The Samding Dorje Phagmo of Tibet Columbia University Press ISBN 978 0 231 14321 9 Dorje Gyurme 2004 Footprint Tibet Handbook with Bhutan 3rd ed Bath Footprint Handbooks ISBN 1 903471 30 3 via archive org Jackson David P 1976 The early history of Lo Mustang and Ngari PDF Journal of the Institute of Nepal and Asian Studies 4 1 Kathmandu Tribhuvan University 39 56 Roberts Peter Alan 2007 The Biographies of Rechungpa The Evolution of a Tibetan Hagiography Routledge ISBN 978 1 135 98912 5 Roberts Peter Alan 2000 The Biographies of Ras chung pa The Evolution of a Tibetan Hagiography University of Oxford Ryavec Karl E 2015 A Historical Atlas of Tibet University of Chicago Press ISBN 978 0 226 24394 8External links edit Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Dzongka amp oldid 1134560129, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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