Zhu Yujian (Chinese: 朱聿鍵; pinyin: Zhū Yùjiàn; 1602 – 6 October 1646), nickname Changshou (長壽), originally the Prince of Tang, later reigned as the Longwu Emperor (Chinese: 隆武帝; pinyin: Lóngwǔ Dì) of the Southern Ming from 18 August 1645, when he was enthroned in Fuzhou, to 6 October 1646, when he was captured and executed by a contingent of the Qing army.[1] He was an eighth generation descendant of Zhu Jing, Prince Ding of Tang, who was the 23rd son of Ming founder Zhu Yuanzhang (Hongwu Emperor).[2]
Before ascending to the throne, he followed his father as the Prince of Tang, their fief being situated in Nanyang prefecture, in Henan province. In 1636, he was stripped of his title by the Chongzhen Emperor and put under house arrest in Fengyang. His former title was transferred to his younger brother Zhu Yumo (朱聿鏌). In 1641, the Zhu Yumo committed suicide when Li Zicheng invaded Nanyang. After the death of the Chongzhen Emperor 1644, his successor on the Ming throne, the Hongguang Emperor, released the Prince of Tang from his arrest.
Reign
When Qing forces captured Nanjing in June 1645, he fled to Hangzhou. However, when Hangzhou fell to the Qing on 6 July 1645, the Prince of Tang managed to escape by land to the southeastern province of Fujian.[3]
In August of the same year, at the behest of several high officials, he ascended to the Ming throne in Fuzhou, taking the reign title "Longwu" (隆武; pinyin: Lóngwǔ). His era name means "plentiful and martial". After a promising start, Fujian's geographical position on the margin of the empire, cut off from the heartland by several mountain ranges, as well as his lack of effective troops and the failure on part of the officialdom to find a united stance doomed the Longwu government. When Qing forces invaded Fujian in the late summer of 1646, Zheng Zhilong, the emperor's strongest ally, surrendered while his son Zheng Chenggong (the famous Koxinga) retreated to the sea.
The Prince of Tang was left with a dwindling court. On 6 October 1646, he was captured and immediately executed.
Personality
Against the Ming policy of keeping imperial princes out of politics, the Prince of Tang early on showed interest in the government of the empire and strove for a larger role of the princes in it. His initiatives had brought him under house arrest during the reign of the Chongzhen Emperor, but his knowledge of history and of Ming institutions, paired with a diligent personality, made him take his imperial role seriously.[4]
Zhu Yujian is said to have had a very close relationship with his wife, who had shared his hardship when he was incarcerated.[4] Contrary to Chinese custom, he steadfastly declined to take any concubines.
Zhu Linyuan, Crown Prince Zhuangjing (莊敬太子 朱琳源; 1646－1646), first son
Concubine, of the Shen clan (沈嫔)
Concubine, of the Chen clan (陳嬪)
Ancestry
Patrilineal descent
Zhu Yujian was the senior-most male-line descendants of Zhu Jing, Prince Ding of Tang, the 23rd son of Zhu Yuanzhang, after his father's death. Therefore, he was an eighth cousin of the Wanli Emperor. This chart only showed the latest actual title of the person(s).
Struve, Lynn A. (1988). "The Southern Ming, 1644–1662". In Frederick W. Mote and Denis Twitchett (ed.). The Cambridge History of China, Volume 7, The Ming Dynasty, 1368–1644, Part I. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
yujian, ming, emperor, chongzhen, emperor, this, chinese, name, family, name, chinese, 朱聿鍵, pinyin, zhū, yùjiàn, 1602, october, 1646, nickname, changshou, 長壽, originally, prince, tang, later, reigned, longwu, emperor, chinese, 隆武帝, pinyin, lóngwǔ, southern, mi. For the Ming emperor see Chongzhen Emperor In this Chinese name the family name is Zhu Zhu Yujian Chinese 朱聿鍵 pinyin Zhu Yujian 1602 6 October 1646 nickname Changshou 長壽 originally the Prince of Tang later reigned as the Longwu Emperor Chinese 隆武帝 pinyin Longwǔ Di of the Southern Ming from 18 August 1645 when he was enthroned in Fuzhou to 6 October 1646 when he was captured and executed by a contingent of the Qing army 1 He was an eighth generation descendant of Zhu Jing Prince Ding of Tang who was the 23rd son of Ming founder Zhu Yuanzhang Hongwu Emperor 2 Longwu Emperor 隆武帝Emperor of the Southern Ming dynastyReign18 August 1645 6 October 1646PredecessorHongguang EmperorSuccessorShaowu EmperorPrince of Tang 唐王 First tenure18 July 1632 17 December 1632PredecessorZhu Shuohuang Prince DuanSuccessorZhu Yuse Prince MinSecond tenure31 July 1645 18 August 1645PredecessorZhu Yuse Prince MinSuccessorZhu YuyuePrince of Nanyang 南陽王 Tenure1644 31 July 1645Born25 May 1602Wanli 30 5th day of the 4th month 萬曆三十年四月初五日 Died6 October 1646 1646 10 06 aged 44 Longwu 2 28th day of the 8th month 隆武二年八月二十八日 Shunzhi 3 28th day of the 8th month 順治三年八月二十八日 BurialLuohanling 羅漢嶺 TingzhouSpouseEmpress XiaoyixiangIssueZhu Linyuan Crown Prince ZhuangjingNamesZhu Yujian 朱聿鍵 Era name and datesLongwu 隆武 18 August 1645 4 February 1647Regnal nameEmperor Siwen 思文皇帝 conferred by the Yongli Emperor Posthumous nameEmperor Peitian Zhidao Hongyi Sumu Siwen Liewu Minren Guangxiao Xiang 配天至道弘毅肅穆思文烈武敏仁廣孝襄皇帝 conferred by the Yongli Emperor Temple nameShaozong 紹宗 conferred by the Yongli Emperor HouseHouse of ZhuDynastySouthern MingFatherZhu QishengMotherLady Mao Contents 1 Early life 2 Reign 3 Personality 4 Family 5 Ancestry 6 Notes 7 References 7 1 Citations 7 2 BibliographyEarly lifeBefore ascending to the throne he followed his father as the Prince of Tang their fief being situated in Nanyang prefecture in Henan province In 1636 he was stripped of his title by the Chongzhen Emperor and put under house arrest in Fengyang His former title was transferred to his younger brother Zhu Yumo 朱聿鏌 In 1641 the Zhu Yumo committed suicide when Li Zicheng invaded Nanyang After the death of the Chongzhen Emperor 1644 his successor on the Ming throne the Hongguang Emperor released the Prince of Tang from his arrest ReignWhen Qing forces captured Nanjing in June 1645 he fled to Hangzhou However when Hangzhou fell to the Qing on 6 July 1645 the Prince of Tang managed to escape by land to the southeastern province of Fujian 3 In August of the same year at the behest of several high officials he ascended to the Ming throne in Fuzhou taking the reign title Longwu 隆武 pinyin Longwǔ His era name means plentiful and martial After a promising start Fujian s geographical position on the margin of the empire cut off from the heartland by several mountain ranges as well as his lack of effective troops and the failure on part of the officialdom to find a united stance doomed the Longwu government When Qing forces invaded Fujian in the late summer of 1646 Zheng Zhilong the emperor s strongest ally surrendered while his son Zheng Chenggong the famous Koxinga retreated to the sea The Prince of Tang was left with a dwindling court On 6 October 1646 he was captured and immediately executed PersonalityAgainst the Ming policy of keeping imperial princes out of politics the Prince of Tang early on showed interest in the government of the empire and strove for a larger role of the princes in it His initiatives had brought him under house arrest during the reign of the Chongzhen Emperor but his knowledge of history and of Ming institutions paired with a diligent personality made him take his imperial role seriously 4 Zhu Yujian is said to have had a very close relationship with his wife who had shared his hardship when he was incarcerated 4 Contrary to Chinese custom he steadfastly declined to take any concubines FamilyConsorts and Issue Empress Xiaoyixiang of the Zeng clan 孝毅襄皇后 曾氏 d 1646 Zhu Linyuan Crown Prince Zhuangjing 莊敬太子 朱琳源 1646 1646 first son Concubine of the Shen clan 沈嫔 Concubine of the Chen clan 陳嬪 AncestryPatrilineal descentZhu Yujian was the senior most male line descendants of Zhu Jing Prince Ding of Tang the 23rd son of Zhu Yuanzhang after his father s death Therefore he was an eighth cousin of the Wanli Emperor This chart only showed the latest actual title of the person s Zhu Yuanzhang the Hongwu Emperor 1328 1398 Zhu Jing Prince Ding of Tang 1386 1415 23rd son Zhu Qiongda Prince Xian of Tang 1412 1475 4th son amp 2nd son as son by primary consort Zhu Zhizhi Prince Zhuang of Tang 1432 1485 2nd son Zhu Miqian Comm Prince Gongjing of Wencheng d 1516 3rd son Zhu Yuwen Prince Jing of Tang 1490 1560 Zhu Zhouyong Prince Shun of Tang 1538 1564 Zhu Shuohuang Prince Duan of Tang d 1630 Zhu Qisheng the Hereditary Prince of Tang d 1629 1st son Zhu Yujian the Longwu Emperor 1602 1646 1st son NotesReferencesCitations Struve 1988 pp 665 date of enthronement and 676 date of capture and execution Struve 1988 p 665 note 24 Struve 1988 pp 660 665 a b Struve 1988 p 669 Bibliography Struve Lynn A 1988 The Southern Ming 1644 1662 In Frederick W Mote and Denis Twitchett ed The Cambridge History of China Volume 7 The Ming Dynasty 1368 1644 Part I Cambridge Cambridge University Press Hummel Arthur W Sr ed 1943 Chu Yu chien Eminent Chinese of the Ch ing Period United States Government Printing Office Zhu YujianHouse of ZhuPrince of Tang s line line of one of the Hongwu Emperor s son Born 1602 Died 1646Chinese royaltyPreceded byZhu Shuohuang Prince Duan Prince of Tang First time 1632 1636 Succeeded byZhu Yuse Prince MinNew title Prince of Nanyang1644 1645 Princedom later repealed for regency of the Ming dynastyPreceded byZhu Yuse Prince Min Prince of Tang Second time 1645 Succeeded byZhu YuyueRegnal titlesPreceded byZhu Changfang Prince Min of Lu Regent of the Southern Ming1645 Succeeded byZhu Yihai Prince of LuZhu Changqing Prince of HuaiZhu Youlang Prince of GuiPreceded byHongguang Emperor Emperor of the Southern Ming1645 1646 Succeeded byShaowu Emperor Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Zhu Yujian amp oldid 1170893575, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
