The genus comprises deciduousshrubs with aerial or subterranean circular stems, often superficially resembling palms. They produce spirally arranged, pinnate leaves which are pubescent, at least when young, having branched and simple, transparent and coloured hairs. The articulated leaflets lack a midrib, and are broad with subparallel dichotomous venation. Lower leaflets are not reduced to spines, though the petioles often have prickles. The emerging leaves of many Zamia species are striking, some emerging with a reddish or bronze cast (Z. roeslii being an example). Zamia picta is even more distinctive, being the only truly variegated cycad (having whitish/yellow speckles on the leaves).[7]
Reproductionedit
Zamiasporophylls are born in vertical rows in cones, and the megasporophyll apices are faceted or flattened, not spinose. The fleshy seeds are subglobular to oblong or ellipsoidal, and are red, orange, yellow or rarely white. The endosperm is haploid, derived from the female gametophyte. The embryo is straight, with two cotyledons that are usually united at the tips and a very long, spirally twisted suspensor. The sperm of members from the genus are large, as is typical of cycads, and Z. roezlii is an example; its sperm are approximately 0.4 mm long and can be seen by the unaided eye.[8]
Preferred habitatedit
Zamia furfuracea leaves
All the species of Zamia produce leafy crowns of foliage that make them choice garden specimens and most varieties branch heavily in age to produce handsome clumps. With a few exceptions, most Zamia species are found in warm, humid, tropical rainforest habitats, growing in the forest understory. However, many species are still fairly adaptable, performing quite well in cultivation, especially in subtropical areas. All species need good drainage and protection from the cold.
^Germplasm Resources Information Network. United States Department of Agriculture. 2007-10-05. Archived from the original on 2009-08-27. Retrieved 2011-01-12.
^ abKew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families
^Hill, K.D. & Stevenson, D.W. (1999). A world list of Cycads, 1999. Excelsa 19: 67-72.
^Flora of North America, vol 2, Zamia integrifolia Linnaeus f. in Aiton, Hort. Kew. 3: 478. 1789.
^Standley, P. C. & J. A. Steyermark. 1958. Cycadaceae. In Standley, P.C. & Steyermark, J.A. (Eds), Flora of Guatemala - Part I. Fieldiana, Bot. 24(1): 11–20.
^Arboreal camera trapping sheds light on seed dispersal of the world’s only epiphytic gymnosperm: Zamia pseudoparasitica - Wiley Online Library
^Nicolalde-Morejón, F., A. P. Vovides & D. W. Stevenson. 2009. Taxonomic revision of Zamia in Mega-Mexico. Brittonia 61(4): 301–335.
^Armstrong, W.P. (2008-04-03). "Botanical Record-Breakers (Part 1 of 2)". Wayne's Word. Retrieved 2011-01-12.
^"Zamia — The Plant List". www.theplantlist.org. Retrieved 2019-06-04.
^Stull, Gregory W.; Qu, Xiao-Jian; Parins-Fukuchi, Caroline; Yang, Ying-Ying; Yang, Jun-Bo; Yang, Zhi-Yun; Hu, Yi; Ma, Hong; Soltis, Pamela S.; Soltis, Douglas E.; Li, De-Zhu; Smith, Stephen A.; Yi, Ting-Shuang; et al. (2021). "Gene duplications and phylogenomic conflict underlie major pulses of phenotypic evolution in gymnosperms". Nature Plants. 7 (8): 1015–1025. bioRxiv10.1101/2021.03.13.435279. doi:10.1038/s41477-021-00964-4. PMID 34282286. S2CID 232282918.
Lindström, A.J. and Idárraga, Á. (2009). Zamia incognita (Zamiaceae): the exciting discovery of a new gymnosperm from Colombia. Phytotaxa 2: 29-34.
December 02, 2023
zamia, three, species, commonly, called, that, endemic, western, australia, macrozamia, riedlei, macrozamia, fraseri, macrozamia, dyeri, genus, cycad, family, ceae, native, north, america, from, united, states, georgia, florida, throughout, west, indies, centr. For the three species commonly called Zamia that are endemic to Western Australia see Macrozamia riedlei Macrozamia fraseri and Macrozamia dyeri Zamia is a genus of cycad of the family Zamiaceae native to North America from the United States in Georgia and Florida throughout the West Indies Central America and South America as far south as Bolivia 2 3 4 5 The genus is considered to be the most ecologically and morphologically diverse of the cycads and is estimated to have originated about 68 3 million years ago 6 ZamiaZamia furfuraceaScientific classificationKingdom PlantaeClade TracheophytesClade GymnospermaeDivision CycadophytaClass CycadopsidaOrder CycadalesFamily ZamiaceaeSubtribe ZamiinaeGenus ZamiaL 1 Type speciesZamia pumilaL Synonyms 2 Aulacophyllum Regel Chigua D W Stev Palmifolium Kuntze Palma filix Adans Contents 1 Description 2 Reproduction 3 Preferred habitat 4 Ecology 5 Species 6 References 7 External links 8 Further readingDescription editThe genus comprises deciduous shrubs with aerial or subterranean circular stems often superficially resembling palms They produce spirally arranged pinnate leaves which are pubescent at least when young having branched and simple transparent and coloured hairs The articulated leaflets lack a midrib and are broad with subparallel dichotomous venation Lower leaflets are not reduced to spines though the petioles often have prickles The emerging leaves of many Zamia species are striking some emerging with a reddish or bronze cast Z roeslii being an example Zamia picta is even more distinctive being the only truly variegated cycad having whitish yellow speckles on the leaves 7 Reproduction editZamia sporophylls are born in vertical rows in cones and the megasporophyll apices are faceted or flattened not spinose The fleshy seeds are subglobular to oblong or ellipsoidal and are red orange yellow or rarely white The endosperm is haploid derived from the female gametophyte The embryo is straight with two cotyledons that are usually united at the tips and a very long spirally twisted suspensor The sperm of members from the genus are large as is typical of cycads and Z roezlii is an example its sperm are approximately 0 4 mm long and can be seen by the unaided eye 8 Preferred habitat edit nbsp Zamia furfuracea leavesAll the species of Zamia produce leafy crowns of foliage that make them choice garden specimens and most varieties branch heavily in age to produce handsome clumps With a few exceptions most Zamia species are found in warm humid tropical rainforest habitats growing in the forest understory However many species are still fairly adaptable performing quite well in cultivation especially in subtropical areas All species need good drainage and protection from the cold Ecology editAt least one species Z pseudoparasitica grows as an epiphyte in the branches of trees Species editAccepted species 9 Phylogeny of Zamia 10 11 Z pictaZ acuminataZ paucijugaZ inermisZ soconuscensisZ fischeriZ lindeniiZ skinneri Cebolla roja Z standleyiZ lacandonaZ katzerianaZ furfuracea Cardboard palm Z loddigesiiZ purpureaZ fairchildianaZ verschaffeltiiZ tuerckheimiiZ variegataZ pseudoparasiticaZ sparteaZ cremnophilaZ polymorphaZ prasinaZ vazqueziiZ herreraeZ portoricensis Marunguey Z integrifolia Florida arrowroot Z pygmaeaZ erosaZ pumila Coontie Z angustifolia Bay rush Z muricataZ pseudomonticolaZ chiguaZ neurophyllidiaZ bolivianaZ roezliiZ dressleriZ elegantissimaZ cunariaZ poeppigianaZ encephalartoidesZ lecointeiZ wallisii Chigua Z restrepoiZ hymenophyllidiaZ manicataZamia acuminata Oerst ex Dyer Costa Rica Nicaragua Panama Zamia amazonum D W Stev Venezuela Colombia Ecuador Peru Brazil Zamia amplifolia Hort Bull ex Mast Colombia Zamia angustifolia Jacq The Bahamas Cuba Zamia boliviana Brongn A DC Bolivia Brazil Mato Grosso Zamia bussellii Schutzman et al Zamia chigua Seem Colombia Zamia cremnophila Vovides Schutzman amp Dehgan Tabasco Mexico Zamia cunaria Dressler amp D W Stev Panama Zamia decumbens Calonje Meerman M P Griff amp Hoese Belize Zamia disodon D W Stev amp Sabato Colombia Zamia dressleri D W Stev Panama Zamia elegantissima Schutzman Vovides amp R S Adams Panama Zamia encephalartoides D W Stev Colombia Zamia erosa O F Cook amp G N Collins Cuba Jamaica Puerto Rico Zamia fairchildiana L D Gomez Panama Costa Rica Zamia fischeri Miq ex Lem Mexico San Luis Potosi Veracruz Hidalgo Queretaro Tamaulipas Zamia furfuracea L f cardboard palm Mexico Veracruz Zamia gentryi Dodson Ecuador Zamia gomeziana R H Acuna Costa Rica Zamia grijalvensis Perez Farr Vovides amp Mart Camilo Mexico Chiapas Zamia hamannii A S Taylor J L Haynes amp Holzman Panama Zamia herrerae Calderon amp Standl Mexico Chiapas El Salvador Guatemala Nicaragua Honduras Zamia huilensis Calonje H E Esquivel amp D W Stev Colombia Zamia hymenophyllidia D W Stev Colombia Peru Zamia imbricata Calonje amp Castro Zamia imperialis A S Taylor J L Haynes amp Holzman Panama Zamia incognita A Lindstr amp Idarraga Colombia Zamia inermis Vovides J D Rees amp Vazq Torres Mexico Veracruz Zamia integrifolia L f coontie palm Florida arrowroot United States Florida Georgia Bahamas Cayman Islands Cuba Puerto Rico Zamia ipetiensis D W Stev Panama Zamia katzeriana Regel E Rettig Mexico Zamia lacandona Schutzman amp Vovides Mexico Chiapas Zamia lecointei Ducke Brazil Para Venezuela Colombia Peru Zamia lindenii Regel ex Andre Peru Ecuador Zamia lindleyi Warsz ex A Dietr Panama Zamia lindosensis Stevenson Cardenas amp Castano Zamia loddigesii Miq Belize El Salvador Honduras Mexico Campeche Chiapas Veracruz Puebla Oaxaca Hidalgo Tabasco Tamaulipas Quintana Roo Yucatan Zamia lucayana Britton Bahamas Zamia macrochiera D W Stev Peru Zamia manicata Linden ex Regel Panama Colombia Zamia meermanii Calonje Belize Zamia melanorrhachis D W Stev Colombia Zamia montana A Braun Colombia Zamia monticola Chamb Guatemala Zamia muricata Willd Colombia Venezuela Zamia nana A Lindstr Calonje D W Stev amp A S Taylor Panama 12 Zamia nesophila A S Taylor J L Haynes amp Holzman Panama Zamia neurophyllidia D W Stev Panama Nicaragua Costa Rica Zamia obliqua A Braun Colombia Zamia onan reyesii C Nelson amp Sandoval Honduras Zamia oreillyi C Nelson Honduras Zamia paucifoliolata Calonje Zamia paucijuga Wieland Mexico Guerrero Jalisco Colima Michoacan Nayarit Oaxaca Zamia poeppigiana Mart amp Eichler Bolivia Brazil Acre Zamia portoricensis Urb Puerto Rico Zamia prasina W Bull Belize Mexico Tabasco Yucatan Zamia pseudomonticola L D Gomez Panama Costa Rica Zamia pseudoparasitica Yates Panama Zamia pumila L guayara Dominican zamia Hispaniola Dominican Republic possibly Cuba possibly extirpated in Puerto Rico and Haiti Zamia purpurea Vovides J D Rees amp Vazq Torres Mexico Veracruz Oaxaca Zamia pygmaea Sims Cuba Zamia pyrophylla Calonje D W Stev amp A Lindstr Colombia Zamia restrepoi D W Stev A Lindstr Colombia Zamia roezlii Regel ex Linden Colombia Ecuador Zamia sandovalii C Nelson Honduras Zamia sinuensis Calonje amp Castro Zamia skinneri Warsz ex A Dietr Panama Zamia soconuscensis Schutzman Vovides amp Dehgan Mexico Chiapas Zamia spartea A DC in A P de Candolle Mexico Oaxaca Zamia standleyi Schutzman Guatemala Honduras Zamia stenophyllidia Nicolalde Morejon Martinez Dominguez amp Stevenson Zamia stevensonii A S Taylor amp Holzman Panama Zamia stricta Miq Cuba Zamia tolimensis Calonje H E Esquivel amp D W Stev Colombia Zamia tuerckheimii Donn Sm Guatemala Zamia ulei Dammer Venezuela Colombia Ecuador Peru Brazil Zamia urep B Walln Peru Zamia variegata Warsz Mexico Chiapas Belize Guatemala Zamia vazquezii D W Stev Sabato amp De Luca Mexico Veracruz Zamia verschaffeltii Miq Mexico Veracruz Tabasco Chiapas Zamia wallisii H J Veitch ColombiaReferences edit Genus Zamia L Germplasm Resources Information Network United States Department of Agriculture 2007 10 05 Archived from the original on 2009 08 27 Retrieved 2011 01 12 a b Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families Hill K D amp Stevenson D W 1999 A world list of Cycads 1999 Excelsa 19 67 72 Flora of North America vol 2 Zamia integrifolia Linnaeus f in Aiton Hort Kew 3 478 1789 Standley P C amp J A Steyermark 1958 Cycadaceae In Standley P C amp Steyermark J A Eds Flora of Guatemala Part I Fieldiana Bot 24 1 11 20 Arboreal camera trapping sheds light on seed dispersal of the world s only epiphytic gymnosperm Zamia pseudoparasitica Wiley Online Library Nicolalde Morejon F A P Vovides amp D W Stevenson 2009 Taxonomic revision of Zamia in Mega Mexico Brittonia 61 4 301 335 Armstrong W P 2008 04 03 Botanical Record Breakers Part 1 of 2 Wayne s Word Retrieved 2011 01 12 Zamia The Plant List www theplantlist org Retrieved 2019 06 04 Stull Gregory W Qu Xiao Jian Parins Fukuchi Caroline Yang Ying Ying Yang Jun Bo Yang Zhi Yun Hu Yi Ma Hong Soltis Pamela S Soltis Douglas E Li De Zhu Smith Stephen A Yi Ting Shuang et al 2021 Gene duplications and phylogenomic conflict underlie major pulses of phenotypic evolution in gymnosperms Nature Plants 7 8 1015 1025 bioRxiv 10 1101 2021 03 13 435279 doi 10 1038 s41477 021 00964 4 PMID 34282286 S2CID 232282918 Stull Gregory W et al 2021 main dated supermatrix tree T9 tre Figshare doi 10 6084 m9 figshare 14547354 v1 a href Template Cite journal html title Template Cite journal cite journal a Cite journal requires journal help Zamia nana at The World List of Cycads External links edit nbsp Wikispecies has information related to Zamia 1 2 Archived 2013 10 19 at the Wayback Machine The Cycad Pages Genus Zamia Zamia by Ada WelschFurther reading edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Zamia Lindstrom A J and Idarraga A 2009 Zamia incognita Zamiaceae the exciting discovery of a new gymnosperm from Colombia Phytotaxa 2 29 34 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Zamia amp oldid 1180577440, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
