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Zayd ibn Thabit

January 01, 1970

Zāyd bin Thābit bin al-Ḍaḥḥāk (Arabic: زيد بن ثابت, romanized: Zayd ibn Thābit) was the personal scribe of the Islamic prophet Muhammad, serving as the chief recorder of the Quranic text.[1] He hailed from the ansar (helpers), later joined the ranks of the Muslim army at age 19. After Muhammad's passing in 632, he was ordered to collect the Quran into a single volume from various written and oral sources. He was a noted expert on the Quran and spent much time reciting it.

Zayd ibn Thabit
زيد بن ثابت
Personal
Bornc. 611 C.E.
Medina, Hejaz
Diedc. 665(665-00-00) (aged 53–54)
Medina, Rashidun Caliphate
ReligionIslam
Parents
  • Thabit bin al-Dahhak (father)
  • Nawar bint Malik (mother)
OccupationScribe, theologian

Biography edit

Zayd bin Thabit belonged to Najjar clan from Banu Khazraj. When Zayd was almost six years old, his father, Thabit died in the Battle of Bu'ath.[2][3] Zayd was 11 years old when he asked permission to participate in the Battle of Badr. Since he was younger than 15 years old, Muhammad did not allow him to do so and sent him back. He then decided to try to win favour with Muhammad by learning the Quran. He was later appointed to write letters to non-Muslims and to collect and keep a record of the Qur'anic verses. Zayd was among those chosen by Muhammad to write down the verses of the Quran. He used to spend most of his time reciting the Quran and continued to learn the Quranic verses as they were recited by Muhammad. Zayd later volunteered to fight when he was 19 years old. This time he was accepted in the ranks of the Muslim army. Zayd's time to fight had come nine years after the establishment of the Muslim community in Medina.

Muhammad's era: 610-632 edit

Zayd had the role of writing down the Quranic verses that were allegedly sent to Muhammad from Allah through the Angel Jibra'il. Zayd had also been commanded by Muhammad to learn Hebrew[2] and he took a fortnight to master each of the languages including Persian, Coptic and Greek which he used to work as an interpreter of Muhammad.

Compilation of the Qur'an edit

Main article: History of the Qur'an

After Muhammad's death, Zayd who became a Quran expert, was assigned the role of authenticating and collecting the oral and textual Quranic revelation into a single bounded volume. This initiative was started on the Rashidun Caliph Abu Bakr's agenda, especially after the Ridda Wars (wars of apostasy), and the Battle of Yamamah in particular, in which a large number of Quran memorizers (around 360) perished. Umar convinced Abu Bakr that the Quran should be collected in one manuscript.[2]

So during Abu Bakr's reign as caliph, Zayd was given the task of collecting the Quranic verses from all over Arabia and was the head of the committee[4] (including Ubayy ibn Ka'b) which performed this task (the number of people in this committee in some sources are around 25 whereas in some they number to 75). Zayd finally accepted the task and, according to him, "started locating the Quranic material and collecting it from parchments, scapula, leafstalks of date palms and from the memories of men (who knew it by heart)". When Zayd had completed his task, he left the prepared suhuf (sheets) with Abu Bakr. The suhuf had received ijma (approval) by almost all of the companions of Muhammad including Umar and Ali. There was no objection on the authenticity of the suhuf.[4] Later on, before Abu Bakr's death, Abu Bakr left the suhuf with Umar who in turn left it with his daughter Hafsa. Hafsa, Umm Salama, and Aisha were wives of Muhammad who memorized the Qur'an.

Zayd ibn Thabit thus became one of the foremost authorities on the Quran, he was appointed the judge of Medina.[2] Umar ibn al-Khattab once addressed the Muslims and said: "O people, whoever wants to ask about the Quran, let him go to Zayd ibn Thabit."[citation needed]

During the time of Caliph Uthman, by which time Islam had spread far and wide, differences in reading the Quran in different dialects of Arabic language became obvious. A group of companions, headed by Hudhayfah ibn al-Yaman, who was then stationed in Iraq, came to Uthman and urged him to "save the Muslim ummah before they differ about the Quran".

Uthman obtained the manuscript of the Quran from Hafsah and again summoned the leading authority, Zayd ibn Thabit, and some other companions to make copies of it.[5] Zayd was put in charge of the task. The style of Arabic dialect used was that of the Quraish tribe. Hence this style was emphasized over all others.

Zaid and other companions including Ubayy ibn Ka'b prepared five copies. One of these was sent to every Muslim province with the order that all other Quranic materials, whether fragmentary or complete copies, be burnt. When standard copies were made and were widely available to the Muslim community everywhere, then all other material was burnt voluntarily by Muslim communities themselves. This was important in order to eliminate variations or differences in the dialect from the standard text of the Quran. The Caliph Uthman kept a copy for himself and returned the original manuscript to Hafsah.[4]

Death edit

Sources differ about his death year. However, the fact he died in Medina in 665 (45 AH) is taken as authentic.[2] Said Ibn Al-Musayyib stated: "I attended the funeral of Zaid bin Thabit. After he had been buried, Ibn Abbas said, 'O you people! Whoever wishes to know how knowledge leaves us should know that it is like this that knowledge leaves. I swear by Allah that a great deal of knowledge has just left us today."[citation needed]

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ "Zayd ibn Thābit". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 20 January 2024.
  2. ^ a b c d e Erul 2013, pp. 321–322.
  3. ^ Wensinck 2012.
  4. ^ a b c Birişik, Abdulhamit (2002). "KUR'AN". TDV Encyclopedia of Islam, Vol. 26 (Ki̇li̇ – Kütahya) (in Turkish). Istanbul: Turkiye Diyanet Foundation, Centre for Islamic Studies. pp. 383–388. ISBN 978-975-389-406-7.
  5. ^ Sahih al-Bukhari; Hadith No.4987,7191.

Sources edit

Bibliography edit

External links edit

  • View Hadith collected by Bukhari from Zayd Ibn Thabit

January 01, 1970
zayd, thabit, this, article, needs, additional, citations, verification, please, help, improve, this, article, adding, citations, reliable, sources, unsourced, material, challenged, removed, find, sources, news, newspapers, books, scholar, jstor, december, 201. This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Zayd ibn Thabit news newspapers books scholar JSTOR December 2015 Learn how and when to remove this message Zayd bin Thabit bin al Ḍaḥḥak Arabic زيد بن ثابت romanized Zayd ibn Thabit was the personal scribe of the Islamic prophet Muhammad serving as the chief recorder of the Quranic text 1 He hailed from the ansar helpers later joined the ranks of the Muslim army at age 19 After Muhammad s passing in 632 he was ordered to collect the Quran into a single volume from various written and oral sources He was a noted expert on the Quran and spent much time reciting it Zayd ibn Thabit زيد بن ثابتPersonalBornc 611 C E Medina HejazDiedc 665 665 00 00 aged 53 54 Medina Rashidun CaliphateReligionIslamParentsThabit bin al Dahhak father Nawar bint Malik mother OccupationScribe theologian Contents 1 Biography 2 Muhammad s era 610 632 3 Compilation of the Qur an 4 Death 5 See also 6 References 6 1 Sources 6 2 Bibliography 7 External linksBiography editZayd bin Thabit belonged to Najjar clan from Banu Khazraj When Zayd was almost six years old his father Thabit died in the Battle of Bu ath 2 3 Zayd was 11 years old when he asked permission to participate in the Battle of Badr Since he was younger than 15 years old Muhammad did not allow him to do so and sent him back He then decided to try to win favour with Muhammad by learning the Quran He was later appointed to write letters to non Muslims and to collect and keep a record of the Qur anic verses Zayd was among those chosen by Muhammad to write down the verses of the Quran He used to spend most of his time reciting the Quran and continued to learn the Quranic verses as they were recited by Muhammad Zayd later volunteered to fight when he was 19 years old This time he was accepted in the ranks of the Muslim army Zayd s time to fight had come nine years after the establishment of the Muslim community in Medina Muhammad s era 610 632 editZayd had the role of writing down the Quranic verses that were allegedly sent to Muhammad from Allah through the Angel Jibra il Zayd had also been commanded by Muhammad to learn Hebrew 2 and he took a fortnight to master each of the languages including Persian Coptic and Greek which he used to work as an interpreter of Muhammad Compilation of the Qur an editMain article History of the Qur an After Muhammad s death Zayd who became a Quran expert was assigned the role of authenticating and collecting the oral and textual Quranic revelation into a single bounded volume This initiative was started on the Rashidun Caliph Abu Bakr s agenda especially after the Ridda Wars wars of apostasy and the Battle of Yamamah in particular in which a large number of Quran memorizers around 360 perished Umar convinced Abu Bakr that the Quran should be collected in one manuscript 2 So during Abu Bakr s reign as caliph Zayd was given the task of collecting the Quranic verses from all over Arabia and was the head of the committee 4 including Ubayy ibn Ka b which performed this task the number of people in this committee in some sources are around 25 whereas in some they number to 75 Zayd finally accepted the task and according to him started locating the Quranic material and collecting it from parchments scapula leafstalks of date palms and from the memories of men who knew it by heart When Zayd had completed his task he left the prepared suhuf sheets with Abu Bakr The suhuf had received ijma approval by almost all of the companions of Muhammad including Umar and Ali There was no objection on the authenticity of the suhuf 4 Later on before Abu Bakr s death Abu Bakr left the suhuf with Umar who in turn left it with his daughter Hafsa Hafsa Umm Salama and Aisha were wives of Muhammad who memorized the Qur an Zayd ibn Thabit thus became one of the foremost authorities on the Quran he was appointed the judge of Medina 2 Umar ibn al Khattab once addressed the Muslims and said O people whoever wants to ask about the Quran let him go to Zayd ibn Thabit citation needed During the time of Caliph Uthman by which time Islam had spread far and wide differences in reading the Quran in different dialects of Arabic language became obvious A group of companions headed by Hudhayfah ibn al Yaman who was then stationed in Iraq came to Uthman and urged him to save the Muslim ummah before they differ about the Quran Uthman obtained the manuscript of the Quran from Hafsah and again summoned the leading authority Zayd ibn Thabit and some other companions to make copies of it 5 Zayd was put in charge of the task The style of Arabic dialect used was that of the Quraish tribe Hence this style was emphasized over all others Zaid and other companions including Ubayy ibn Ka b prepared five copies One of these was sent to every Muslim province with the order that all other Quranic materials whether fragmentary or complete copies be burnt When standard copies were made and were widely available to the Muslim community everywhere then all other material was burnt voluntarily by Muslim communities themselves This was important in order to eliminate variations or differences in the dialect from the standard text of the Quran The Caliph Uthman kept a copy for himself and returned the original manuscript to Hafsah 4 Death editSources differ about his death year However the fact he died in Medina in 665 45 AH is taken as authentic 2 Said Ibn Al Musayyib stated I attended the funeral of Zaid bin Thabit After he had been buried Ibn Abbas said O you people Whoever wishes to know how knowledge leaves us should know that it is like this that knowledge leaves I swear by Allah that a great deal of knowledge has just left us today citation needed See also editZayd name Thabit name Muadh bin JabalReferences edit Zayd ibn Thabit Encyclopaedia Britannica Retrieved 20 January 2024 a b c d e Erul 2013 pp 321 322 Wensinck 2012 a b c Birisik Abdulhamit 2002 KUR AN TDV Encyclopedia of Islam Vol 26 Ki li Kutahya in Turkish Istanbul Turkiye Diyanet Foundation Centre for Islamic Studies pp 383 388 ISBN 978 975 389 406 7 Sahih al Bukhari Hadith No 4987 7191 Sources edit Sa d Ibn 2013 Kitab At Tabaqat al Kabir Vol III The Companions of Badr Translated by Aisha Bewley London Ta Ha Publishers Ltd p 393 ISBN 978 184200 133 2 al Athir Ibn Usd al ghabah fi marifat al Saḥabah in Arabic pp 278 279 Bibliography edit Wensinck A J 2012 Zaid b Thabit Encyclopaedia of Islam 1st ed Brill ISBN 9789004082656 Lecker M 2012 Zayd b Thabit The Encyclopaedia of Islam Second Edition 12 vols Leiden E J Brill doi 10 1163 1573 3912 islam SIM 8141 Erul Bunyamin 2013 ZEYD b SABIT TDV Encyclopedia of Islam Vol 44 Yusuf Zwemer in Turkish Istanbul Turkiye Diyanet Foundation Centre for Islamic Studies pp 321 322 ISBN 978 975 389 785 3 External links editView Hadith collected by Bukhari from Zayd Ibn Thabit Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Zayd ibn Thabit amp oldid 1222564880, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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