Yuan-Tsong Chen

Yuan-Tsong Chen (YT Chen; Chinese: 陳垣崇) is a Taiwanese geneticist and physician, notable for his work on human genetic disorders. He is the director emeritus (2001–2010) and distinguished research fellow (2001–present) of the Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taiwan,^[1][2] and also tenured professor of pediatrics of Duke University (1993–present)^[3] Chen was a 2019 awardee of Taiwan's Presidential Science Award [zh], as were Yuan-Pern Lee and Wei Fu-chan.^[4]

Research

Chen's scientific achievements include drug development of recombinant enzyme replacement therapy for Pompe disease, an enzyme-deficiency disorder that causes muscle damage, cardiorespiratory failure and in its severe infantile form, death by 2 years of age.^[5] The drug, eventually named "Myozyme", was further developed by Genzyme and received the regulatory marketing approval in Europe and USA in 2006.^[6] The story of a father searching for a treatment for his two children with Pompe disease and the development of this rug has been adapted to a film entitled Extraordinary Measures featured Harrison Ford and Brendan Fraser.^[7][8] Chen's research into the disease helped Taiwan develop screening for newborns with Pompe disease, the first nation in the world to offer such medical testing.^[9]

Later, Chen's research focus extends to the pharmacogenetics of adverse drug reactions and drug efficacy. His team identified VKORC1 gene variants to play a major role in determining the warfarin dosage, a widely prescribed anticoagulant. They teamed with International Warfarin Consortium to formulate a universal algorithm that can better predict an optimal dosage for each patient.^[10][11] His team also discovered genetic links to the incidence of type 2 diabetes,^[12] the strong association of the gene HLA-B*15:02 with carbamazepine,^[13] a drug used to treat epilepsy, and that of the gene HLA-B*58:01 with allopurinol,^[14] a widely prescribed drug for gout, to induce Stevens–Johnson syndrome (SJS)^[15] and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN). These pharmacogenetic researches have prompted the FDA to relabel the two commonly prescribed drugs, carbamazepine and warfarin, with genetic information and to recommend genetic screening before prescribing the medication, and paved the road for personalized and precision medicine.^[16][17]

Personal life

Chen was questioned as part of a 2010 investigation into corruption.^[18] Prosecutors claimed that Chen and his wife held executive positions at the biomedical company Phamigene.^[18] The case closed without an indictment of Chen.^[19] Subsequently, the government of Taiwan discussed amendments to the Act Governing the Employment of Educational Personnel, so that full-time researchers and university teachers could establish private enterprises or serve as company presidents.^[20] Eventually, amendments to the Fundamental Act of Science and Technology were passed so that public sector researchers could take some positions at private companies.^[19]

Chen Award

In partnership with his wife, Mrs. Alice Der-Shan Chen, who together started the Chen Foundation, they and the Human Genome Organisation annually present the Chen Award to those with research accomplishments in human genetics and genomics in Asia Pacific.^[21]

References

1. "Dr.Chen,Yuan-Tsong陳垣崇博士 HOME 首頁". from the original on 2017-08-17. Retrieved 2017-07-12.
2. Chiu, Yu-Tzu (19 March 2003). "Geneticists identify disease genes". Taipei Times. from the original on 30 October 2019. Retrieved 30 October 2019.
3. "Yuan-Tsong Chen - Professor Emeritus of Pediatrics". Scholars@Duke.
4. Lin, Chia-nan (30 October 2019). "Three researchers win top prize". Taipei Times. from the original on 30 October 2019. Retrieved 30 October 2019.
5. Kikuchi, T.; Yang, H. W.; Pennybacker, M.; Ichihara, N.; Mizutani, M.; Van Hove, J. L.; Chen, Y. T. (1998). "Clinical and metabolic correction of pompe disease by enzyme therapy in acid maltase-deficient quail". Journal of Clinical Investigation. 101 (4): 827–833. doi:10.1172/JCI1722. PMC 508631. PMID 9466978. from the original on 2018-07-08. Retrieved 2017-07-12.
6. "Researcher's drug for Pompe disease approved in US". Taipei Times. Central News Agency. 5 May 2006. from the original on 30 October 2019. Retrieved 30 October 2019.
7. "Local doctor inspires Harrison Ford film". Taipei Times. Central News Agency. 28 May 2010. from the original on 30 October 2019. Retrieved 30 October 2019.
8. Bloom, Dan (2 June 2010). "Ford fails to honor Taiwanese hero". from the original on 30 October 2019. Retrieved 30 October 2019.
9. Lee, I-chia (14 July 2016). "Medical talent lauded in documentary". Taipei Times. from the original on 30 October 2019. Retrieved 30 October 2019.
10. International Warfarin Pharmacogenetics Consortium; Klein, T. E.; Altman, R. B.; Eriksson, N.; Gage, B. F.; Kimmel, S. E.; Lee, M. T.; Limdi, N. A.; Page, D.; Roden, D. M.; Wagner, M. J.; Caldwell, M. D.; Johnson, J. A. (2009). "Estimation of the Warfarin Dose with Clinical and Pharmacogenetic Data". New England Journal of Medicine. 360 (8): 753–764. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa0809329. PMC 2722908. PMID 19228618.
11. Shan, Shelley (20 February 2019). "Academia Sinica team contributes to medical formula". Taipei Times. from the original on 30 October 2019. Retrieved 30 October 2019.
12. Lee, I-chia (29 March 2012). "Scientists identify genes that could predict diabetes". Taipei Times. from the original on 30 October 2019. Retrieved 30 October 2019.
13. Chung, Wen-Hung; Hung, Shuen-Iu; Hong, Hong-Shang; Hsih, Mo-Song; Yang, Li-Cheng; Ho, Hsin-Chun; Wu, Jer-Yuarn; Chen, Yuan-Tsong (2004). "A marker for Stevens–Johnson syndrome". Nature. 428 (6982): 486. doi:10.1038/428486a. PMID 15057820. S2CID 4423593.
14. Hung, Shuen-Iu; Chung, Wen-Hung; Liou, Lieh-Bang; Chu, Chen-Chung; Lin, Marie; Huang, Hsien-Ping; Lin, Yen-Ling; Lan, Joung-Liang; Yang, Li-Cheng; Hong, Hong-Shang; Chen, Ming-Jing; Lai, Ping-Chin; Wu, Mai-Szu; Chu, Chia-Yu; Wang, Kuo-Hsien; Chen, Chien-Hsiun; Fann, Cathy S. J.; Wu, Jer-Yuarn; Chen, Yuan-Tsong (15 March 2005). "HLA-B*5801 allele as a genetic marker for severe cutaneous adverse reactions caused by allopurinol". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 102 (11): 4134–4139. Bibcode:2005PNAS..102.4134H. doi:10.1073/pnas.0409500102. PMC 554812. PMID 15743917.
15. Lu, Meggie (26 November 2008). "Scientist finds link that could help SJS research". Taipei Times. from the original on 30 October 2019. Retrieved 30 October 2019.
16. . Food and Drug Administration. Archived from the original on 2017-07-22. Retrieved 2017-07-12.
17. . Archived from the original on 2022-02-12. Retrieved 2017-07-12.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
18. Chang, Rich (24 June 2010). "Academia Sinica director questioned, out on bail". Taipei Times. from the original on 30 October 2019. Retrieved 30 October 2019.
19. Shih, Hsiu-chuan (26 November 2011). "Patent regulations eased to try to halt 'brain drain'". Taipei Times. from the original on 30 October 2019. Retrieved 30 October 2019.
20. Wang, Flora (26 June 2010). "Professors may be allowed to take up corporate positions". Taipei Times. from the original on 30 October 2019. Retrieved 30 October 2019.
21. "Chen Award". Human Genome Organisation. from the original on 21 February 2020. Retrieved 2 March 2020.