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Toyota Auto Body

January 01, 1970

Toyota Auto Body (Japanese: トヨタ車体) is a manufacturing subsidiary of the Toyota group based in Japan. It is headquartered in Kariya, Aichi and was established in 1945. The company has plants in the Mie and Aichi prefectures and other facilities around Japan and abroad.

Toyota Auto Body Co., Ltd.
Toyota Auto Body
Native name
トヨタ車体株式会社
Toyota Shatai Kabushiki-gaisha
FormerlyToyota Auto Body Industries Co., Ltd.
Company typeSubsidiary
IndustryAutomotive
PredecessorToyota's Kariya Plant auto body division
Founded31 August 1945; 78 years ago (1945-08-31)
Headquarters
Kariya, Aichi
,
Japan
Key people
Katsuhiro Matsuo (President)
ProductsCars, auto parts
Production output
About 619,000 vehicles (2019)
Revenue ¥1,991.69 billion (FY2022)
¥72.72 billion (FY2022)
¥55.11 billion (FY2022)
Total assets ¥551.92 billion (FY2022)
Total equity ¥195.70 billion (FY2022)
Number of employees
19,206 (March 2021, consolidated)
ParentToyota Motor Corporation
Subsidiaries
  • Gifu Auto Body Co., Ltd.
  • Toyota Auto Body Research and Development Co., Ltd.
  • Tokai Utility Motor Co., Ltd.
Websitewww.toyota-body.co.jp
Footnotes / references
Fiscal Year 2022 (FY2022) in this article is from 1 April 2022 to 31 March 2023.
References:[1][2][3][4]

The company was formed through a corporate spin-off from Toyota. In its early years, it produced auto bodies. In the late 1950s and early 1960s, it centred on truck production, before slowly switching focus to light vehicles (mostly vans) from the late 1960s onwards. In the 2000s, it absorbed the vehicle manufacturing operations of sister companies Araco and Gifu Auto Body.

As part of Toyota, Toyota Auto Body develops and produces a range of minivans, SUVs, light commercial vehicles and auto parts.

History edit

 
Headquarters in Kariya, Japan

Toyota Auto Body was established on 31 August 1945 as a corporate spin-off of Toyota Motor Industry's Kariya plant[5][6] with the name Toyota Auto Body Industries (トヨタ車体工業, Toyota Shatai Kōgyō).[6][7] At first, it produced auto bodies for Toyota. In 1951, the company became the first Japanese manufacturer in producing a truck body made completely of steel.[5] In 1953, the company adopted its present name.[7][8] In January 1957, it opened an assembly facility in Kariya for mass-producing trucks.[9] In November 1959, it created a vehicle conversion subsidiary, Kariya Painting (later renamed Tokai Utility Motor).[10][11]

In the early 1960s, Toyota gave clear functions to some of its then itaku (subcontracting) companies: Toyota Auto Body was centred on producing trucks; Kanto Auto Works passenger vans and pickups; Arakawa Auto Body Land Cruisers and special vehicles.[12] In 1960, Toyota Auto Body produced 74,000 trucks (including large trucks, the Stout, the ToyoAce), an 87% of Toyota's overall truck production and a 48% of its total vehicle production. In 1964, truck production from Toyota Auto Body (large trucks, the Stout, the ToyoAce, the Dyna) rose to 116,000 trucks, comprising 90% of Toyota's truck production and 27% of all vehicles.[12]

In January 1964, Toyota Auto Body opened a second assembly facility in Kariya, the Fujimatsu plant,[13] which produced the first Japanese hard-top car during the 1960s,[5][14] the Corona Hard-top.[5] The company also became the first itaku in assembling mass-produced passenger cars. The production percentage of passenger cars and other light vehicles would increase for the company during the following years.[15] In the late 1960s, Toyota Auto Body led the development of a small van with a one-box design, similar to European ones at the time, but, according to former Toyota senior employee Akira Kawahara, something yet unseen in the Japanese industry.[16] In 1967, Toyota Auto Body began producing the van, named as HiAce. It became the most produced model from the company with more than 6 million units as of April 2017.[17] Toyota Auto Body would continue developing and producing one-box design vans.[18] In 1970, Toyota Auto Body production was 149,000 passenger cars and 142,000 commercial vehicles (trucks and buses),[15] although the actual percentage declined to 17.6% of Toyota's total vehicle production.[19]

In the 1970s, Toyota Auto Body was one of the first companies in using quality function deployment (QFD), paralleling the initial developments from Yoji Akao at Mitsubishi Heavy Industries. The rest of the Toyota group adopted the method in 1979. The improvements of Toyota Auto Body on QFD influenced Ford into adopting it.[20]

In 1992, the company established Toyota Body Seiko, an auto parts subsidiary, and began investments to increase the production of one-box vehicles, as the rest of its passenger car business was in decline.[21] In December 1993, Toyota Auto Body opened the van-focused Inabe plant.[22] By the mid-1990s, Toyota Auto Body ventured into the production of high-end one-box passenger vans derived from the HiAce. In 1995, it started producing the Granvia, a HiAce-based semi-bonneted van made to comply with European safety regulations. From the Granvia the company developed the Alphard which was launched in 2002.[23] In 2008, it introduced an Alphard twin vehicle, the Vellfire.[24]

In May 2001, Toyota announced it would consolidate all production of one-box Toyota-badged cars intended for the Japanese market into Toyota Auto Body by moving the assembly of the LiteAce/TownAce Noah and its successor (Noah) from Daihatsu.[25] In 2004, Toyota Auto Body incorporated the auto body and vehicle production businesses from Araco.[7] In 2005, the Kariya plant was repurposed for converting vehicles instead of producing trucks.[26] In the fiscal year ended March 2007, Toyota Auto Body achieved its largest production volume, with about 745,000 vehicles produced during the period.[27] In 2007, Gifu Auto Body became a wholly owned subsidiary of Toyota Auto Body.[5][28]

In November 2018, Toyota announced it would transfer all van development to Toyota Auto Body.[29] In 2019, Toyota Auto Body announced it would produce the first Lexus-badged passenger van[23] at its Inabe plant,[30] the Lexus LM, a badge engineered Alphard, the second Lexus product coming from the company after the Land Cruiser-based Lexus LX[23] (the latter a legacy product from Araco).[31]

In December 2022, Toyota Auto Body signed an agreement by which it planned to sell shares of Toyota Body Seiko to Toyota Boshoku, a minority shareholder, by October 2023, increasing the latter's ownership to a 66.4% controlling stake.[32] After the transaction was completed, Toyota Body Seiko became a subsidiary of Toyota Boshoku instead of Toyota Auto Body and changed its name to Toyota Boshoku Seiko.[33] Toyota Boshoku may turn Toyota Boshoku Seiko into a wholly owned subsidiary at a later date.[32]

In the early 2020s, the company opened specialty stores for customising and selling accessories of its produced vehicles. In January 2023, it pre-opened a Land Cruiser customisation and services store in Kariya, operated by Tokai Utility Motor, and called Land Cruiser Base (ランクルBase)[note 1] to be fully operational by mid-2023.[34] In June 2023, it opened another for its commercial vehicle range in Fukagawa, Tokyo (within the Toyota Mobility Tokyo store), which is called Cargo Base.[35]

In April 2024, Toyota Auto Body fully resumed production after several of its assembly lines were halted for over a month as a result of an investigastion into Toyota Industries-supplied diesel engines.[36]

Toyota Auto Body was a public company until late 2011, when Toyota made it a wholly owned subsidiary and delisted its shares.[37][38]

Facilities edit

Vehicle assembly and management edit

 
Fujimatsu plant

Toyota Auto Body assembly plants are Fujimatsu (Ichiriyama, Kariya, Aichi),[39] Inabe (Inabe, Mie),[40] Yoshiwara (Yoshiwara, Toyota, Aichi),[41] Kariya (Showa, Kariya, Aichi).[39] There is a development centre in Toyota, Aichi (Kotobuki New Development Centre). The head offices are in Kariya, Aichi. Additional offices are located in Tokyo and Osaka.[42]

The Fujimatsu plant covers a 436,700 square metres (m2) area [39] and was established in January 1964.[13] The present Kariya plant, covering 99,100 m2,[39] was established in 1957.[9] Both plant produce vehicles, but Fujimatsu is mostly focused on minivans and Kariya on electric vehicles. As of March 2017, the plants had a combined workforce of 3,139 (281 of them working at the Kariya plant).[39] The Inabe plant is the main minivan production hub of Toyota Auto Body. It covers 800,500 m2[40] and was established in December 1993.[22] As of March 2017, it had 2,266 employees.[40] The Yoshiwara plant produces body-on-frame vehicles. It covers 196,200 m2 and was established in 1962. As of March 2017, it had 2,337 employees.[41] By the 1999 fiscal year, all Toyota Auto Body plants got the ISO 14001 certification. The company's plants use the Toyota Production System.[43]

Toyota Auto Body's Gifu Auto Body headquarters and facilities are in Unuma Mitsuike, Kakamigahara, Gifu. Its facilities cover 163,000 m2. As of March 2019, the company had 2,565 employees.[44]

Other facilities edit

Toyota Auto Body Research and Development (トヨタ車体研究所, Toyota Shatai Kenkyūjo) is Toyota Auto Body wholly owned research and development subsidiary. It is headquartered in Kirishima, Kagoshima and was established in 1990.[7] Toyota Auto Body made design and development work for Toyota from the early 1960s, and, together with Toyota and sister itaku companies, formed part of ATODE (All TOyota DEsign), a group formed in December 1960 aimed at securing a consistent styling for Toyota-badged vehicles. The Toyota Auto Body's design branch became an autonomous part of the company in 1978.[45] The present Toyota Auto Body Research and Development subsidiary has a 5,719 m2 building and 403 employees.[46]

Tokai Utility Motor has facilities in Anjō, Kariya, and Inabe.[47]

Overseas subsidiaries edit

Toyota Auto Body has subsidiaries in Indonesia, Taiwan, Thailand, Malaysia, China and the United States.[48]

Most Toyota Auto Body's affiliates outside Japan are joint ventures. The Taoyuan-based[49] Taiwanese affiliate is called Chun Shyang Shin Yeh (Industry) (Chinese: 春翔欣業; pinyin: Chūn Xiáng Xīn Yè)[50] and was established in 1997. It is a joint venture between Toyota Auto Body and Chun Yuan Steel, a Taiwanese steel manufacturer. The joint venture produces pressed parts, vehicle doors and suspension components for Toyota cars.[51] Toyota Auto Body owns a 51% stake.[50] In Thailand, Toyota Auto Body's first Thai operations began in February 1978, producing stamped parts for Hilux pickups.[52] Toyota Auto Body Thailand officially started activities in 1979,[53] as a stamped auto parts producer.[54] In 1988, it formed a joint venture with Toyota Motor Thailand[55] called Toyota (formerly Thai)[56] Auto Works. The venture is focused on producing the HiAce. Toyota Auto Body owns a 63% stake.[55] Both Thai ventures have plants in Samutprakan: the Samrong plant (Toyota Auto Body Thailand) and the Teparak plant (Toyota Auto Works).[57] In 2004, Toyota Auto Body established a joint venture called Thai Auto Conversion aimed at producing specially equipped vehicles.[48]

Toyota Auto Body also has various joint ventures in Indonesia. In 1995,[58] it established, along with other Toyota subsidiaries, Sugity Creatives, an Indonesian joint venture[59] headquartered in Cikarang Bekasi[60] and aimed at producing resin components for cars.[59] From late 2012 to 2016 it produced vehicles,[61] including the Noah[58] (rebadged as NAV1).[61] Toyota Auto Body owns an 88.52% of the venture.[59] Toyota Auto Body also has stakes in the joint ventures Toyota Auto Body-Tokai Extrusion and Resin Plating Technology, both producing auto parts.[48] As for China, Toyota Auto Body has a 65%-owned Chinese joint venture, Tab Minth Mobility Equipment, to "sell assistive components".[48]

The rest of the Toyota Auto Body's overseas affiliates are wholly owned subsidiaries. These are the Malaysian auto parts producer Toyota Auto Body Malaysia (established in 2005)[62] and the American Auto Parts Manufacturing Mississippi (established in 2011).[48]

Products edit

 
A COMS

As of 2022 vehicles assembled by Toyota Auto Body include: the Alphard, the Vellfire, the Voxy, the Noah, the Land Cruiser, the HiAce, the RegiusAce, the GranAce, the Coaster, the electric vehicle COMS, the Lexus LX and LM.[63][64][65]

Toyota Auto Body production by plant as of early 2022
Plant Products
Fujimatsu (Honsha) plant Voxy, Noah, Alphard, Land Cruiser 70
Kariya plant COMS, vehicle conversion
Inabe plant HiAce, GranAce, RegiusAce, Alphard, Vellfire, Lexus LM
Yoshiwara plant Land Cruiser 300, Land Cruiser 70, Lexus LX (J310)
Kakamigahara (Honsha) plant HiAce, Coaster, vehicle conversion
Notes
Plants with blue background are directly controlled by Toyota Auto Body, plants with light blue background are directly controlled by Toyota Auto Body and formerly belonged to Araco, plants with light red background are indirectly controlled by Toyota Auto Body through its subsidiary Gifu Auto Body
Sources
[26][40][30][64][65][66][67][68][69][70][71][72][73]

Absorbed operations edit

Araco edit

Araco Corporation (アラコ株式会社, Arako Kabushiki-gaisha) was one of the first manufacturing subsidiaries of Toyota. It was established in 1946[7] (incorporated July 1947)[74] at Nagoya[75] by a former Toyota Industries sheet metal worker named Gihee Arakawa as Arakawa Sheet Metal Industries (荒川鈑金工業, Arakawa Bankin Kōgyō).[7] The company firstly made sheet metal work for Toyota, soon adding vehicle interior parts (including seats) and auto bodies.[76] In 1953, it started assembling the Toyota BJ,[77][78] and later the successive Land Cruisers.[76][79] The Arakawa-assembled Land Cruiser was the main export product from Toyota in the late 1950s and early 1960s (28% of all vehicle exports in the period 1956–1964).[74] In 1960, it entered into production the RK160B (Coaster).[77] The company opened two new plants around Toyota City during the 1960s: Kotobuki (1960) and Yoshiwara (1962).[13] It was renamed as Arakawa Auto Body Industries (荒川車体工業, Arakawa Shatai Kōgyō) in 1961, before adopting the Araco name in 1988.[7] In 1995, the company began assembling Lexus vehicles.[31][77] In 2004, Araco activities were split and the auto body and vehicle production operations became part of Toyota Auto Body. The vehicle interior business was merged into Toyota Boshoku.[7][9]

A different Toyota subsidiary established in 1974 as Kyoei Sangyo (協栄産業, Kyōei Sangyō) was renamed as Kyoei Araco in 2004 and as Araco in 2015. This Araco specialises on seats for Lexus vehicles.[80]

Gifu Auto Body edit

 
Gifu Auto Body facilities, pictured in 2017

Gifu Auto Body Co. Ltd. (岐阜車体工業株式会社, Gifu Shatai Kōgyō Kabushiki-gaisha)[81] is a Gifu-based vehicle manufacturer.[28] It was established in 1940 as a truck body manufacturer. In 1959, after receiving a big order of military vehicles from Toyota, it associated itself with the latter,[82] producing bodies for light trucks[82][83] such as the Dyna and the Stout.[84] In the 1960s, Gifu Auto Body hand-built the Land Cruiser FJ45V, a long wheelbase variant of the third-generation Land Cruiser.[85] Up until 1967, the company's production was focused on the Land Cruiser model and light trucks. That year, Toyota consolidated all Land Cruiser assembly in Japan into Arakawa Auto Body Industries. From 1967 onwards, the main focus of Gifu Auto Body became the production of light trucks and the HiAce until Toyota transferred truck production to Hino Motors in 1998.[86] In January 1996, Toyota launched a civilian version of the BXD10 military vehicle called BXD20 (Mega Cruiser), and it was assembled by Gifu Auto Body. Production ended in August 2001.[87][88]

By 2007, Gifu Auto Body was producing the HiAce and auto parts (pressed parts and truck seats).[28] That year, it became a wholly owned subsidiary of Toyota Auto Body[5][28] through stock swap.[28] In July 2015, Gifu Auto Body transferred its auto parts business to Toyota Body Seiko in order to focus on commercial vehicle assembly.[89] In December 2016, Toyota Auto Body moved production of the Coaster from its Yoshiwara plant to Gifu Auto Body.[71]

 
2018 TLC Rally Dakar contender

Sports edit

An Araco team entered Land Cruisers into the Rally Dakar from 1995 onwards. In 2005, the team was renamed as Team Land Cruiser · Toyota Auto Body (TLC).[90] As of 2024, it has achieved eleven consecutive victories in the diesel production car class.[91] The company entered a HiAce into the 2023 Toyota Gazoo Racing Rally Challenge. The HiAce rally version was built on a GDH201V chassis modified by Cast (a HiAce tuning division of the Sanko Works company) and it was run by Toyota Auto Body's own team, Toyota Auto Body Team Hiace. Cast had already entered a couple of HiAces into the 2021 All-Japan Rally Championship.[92]

Toyota Auto Body has two company teams participating in Japanese national sports championships: the volleyball team Toyota Auto Body Queenseis and the handball team Toyota Auto Body Brave Kings.[93]

As of 2023, Gifu Auto Body is sponsor of FC Gifu.[94]

Notes edit

  1. ^ ランクル (Rankuru) is a common abbreviation for Land Cruiser (ランドクルーザー, Rando Kurūzā) used in Japan, especially referring to older models.

References edit

Citations edit

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  82. ^ a b Nakayama 2016, p. 67.
  83. ^ Shiomi 1995, p. 35.
  84. ^ Nishiguchi 1994, p. 105.
  85. ^ Comer, Colin (23 December 2015). "How I Sold a Toyota Land Cruiser for Nearly $200,000 and Lost Money". Road & Track. Hearst Autos. Retrieved 1 March 2020.
  86. ^ Kikuchi 2019, p. 91.
  87. ^ Glon, Ronan (31 January 2020). "The Japanese Hummer you've never heard of". Autocar. Haymarket Automotive. Retrieved 1 March 2020.
  88. ^ "Mega Cruiser". Toyota. Retrieved 1 March 2020.
  89. ^ Kikuchi, Harushige; Kano, Yuki (2 July 2015). "トヨタ車体 子会社の事業見直し 生産移管で効率化へ" [Business review of Toyota Auto Body subsidiary. Transfer for efficient production]. The Mid-Japan Economist (in Japanese). Retrieved 1 March 2020.
  90. ^ "トヨタ・ランドクルーザーが無敵の５連覇達成" [Toyota Land Cruiser achieved unbeatable five]. Web Car Top (in Japanese). Kotsu Times. 19 January 2018. Retrieved 21 December 2018.
  91. ^ "トヨタ車体が11連覇、ダカールラリー2024の市販車部門で優勝" [Toyota Auto Body wins its eleventh consecutive victory at the 2024 Dakar Rally's production car class]. Nikkan Jidosha Shimbun (in Japanese). 17 January 2023. Retrieved 15 April 2024.
  92. ^ Aoyama, Yoshiaki (17 July 2023). "トヨタ「ハイエース」でラリーに参戦出来るのか!? トヨタ車体が本気でチャレンジする理由とは?" [Is it possible to participate in rally with a Toyota HiAce!? Why is Toyota Auto Body seriously challenging it?]. Auto Messe Web (in Japanese). Retrieved 19 July 2023 – via Yahoo! News Japan.
  93. ^ "企業スポーツ活動" [Corporate sports activities] (in Japanese). Toyota Auto Body. Retrieved 22 December 2018.
  94. ^ "Partners" (in Japanese). FC Gifu. Retrieved 19 July 2023.

Bibliography edit

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  • Kawabe, Nobuo (2013). "Roles of Multinational Companies in the Self-Sustenance of the Thai Automobile Industry: The Case of Toyota Motor Thailand" (PDF). The Waseda Commercial Review (438). Graduate School of Commerce, Waseda University. ISSN 0387-3404.
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  • Radhika, A. Neela; Mukund, A. (2010). "Toyota's globalization strategies". In Segal-Horn, Susan; Faulkner, David (eds.). Understanding Global Strategy. Cengage Learning EMEA. ISBN 978-1-844-80149-7.
  • ReVelle, Jake B.; Moran, John W.; Cox, Charles A. (1998). The QFD Handbook. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 978-0-471-17381-6.
  • Shioji, Hiromi (1995). "'Itaku' Automotive Production: An Aspect of the Development of Full-Line and Wide-Selection Production by Toyota in the 1960s". Kyoto University Economic Review. 65 (1). Kyoto University: 19–42. ISSN 0023-6055. JSTOR 43217480.
  • Shiomi, Haruhito (1995). "The Formation of Assembler Networks in the Automobile". In Shiomi, Haruhito; Wada, Kazuo (eds.). Fordism Transformed: The Development of Production Methods in the Automobile Industry. Fuji Business History. Vol. 1. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-198-28961-6.
  • Tabb, William K. (1995). The Postwar Japanese System: Cultural Economy and Economic Transformation. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-195-35829-2.
  • Tanaka, Takenori (2015). "トヨタ車体研究所における開発の取り組み －九州での「開発の現地化」に関する一考察－" [Development efforts at Toyota Auto Body Institute. A study on 'development localisation' in Kyushu] (PDF). The Meijo Review (in Japanese). 15. Society of Economics and Business Management, Meijo University. ISSN 1345-7993. (PDF) from the original on 20 December 2018.
  • Wohlfarth, Alexander; Namba, Takeshi (2016). トヨタ ランドクルーザー 絶大な信頼性を誇る4輪駆動車 [Toyota Land Cruiser. Highly reliable four-wheel drive vehicle] (PDF) (in Japanese). Miki Press. ISBN 978-4-89522-653-0.

External links edit

  • Official website
  • Gifu Auto Body website
  • Toyota Auto Body Research and Development website

January 01, 1970
toyota, auto, body, japanese, トヨタ車体, manufacturing, subsidiary, toyota, group, based, japan, headquartered, kariya, aichi, established, 1945, company, plants, aichi, prefectures, other, facilities, around, japan, abroad, trade, namenative, nameトヨタ車体株式会社romaniz. Toyota Auto Body Japanese トヨタ車体 is a manufacturing subsidiary of the Toyota group based in Japan It is headquartered in Kariya Aichi and was established in 1945 The company has plants in the Mie and Aichi prefectures and other facilities around Japan and abroad Toyota Auto Body Co Ltd Trade nameToyota Auto BodyNative nameトヨタ車体株式会社Romanized nameToyota Shatai Kabushiki gaishaFormerlyToyota Auto Body Industries Co Ltd Company typeSubsidiaryIndustryAutomotivePredecessorToyota s Kariya Plant auto body divisionFounded31 August 1945 78 years ago 1945 08 31 HeadquartersKariya Aichi JapanKey peopleKatsuhiro Matsuo President ProductsCars auto partsProduction outputAbout 619 000 vehicles 2019 Revenue 1 991 69 billion FY2022 Operating income 72 72 billion FY2022 Net income 55 11 billion FY2022 Total assets 551 92 billion FY2022 Total equity 195 70 billion FY2022 Number of employees19 206 March 2021 consolidated ParentToyota Motor CorporationSubsidiariesGifu Auto Body Co Ltd Toyota Auto Body Research and Development Co Ltd Tokai Utility Motor Co Ltd Websitewww toyota body co jpFootnotes referencesFiscal Year 2022 FY2022 in this article is from 1 April 2022 to 31 March 2023 References 1 2 3 4 The company was formed through a corporate spin off from Toyota In its early years it produced auto bodies In the late 1950s and early 1960s it centred on truck production before slowly switching focus to light vehicles mostly vans from the late 1960s onwards In the 2000s it absorbed the vehicle manufacturing operations of sister companies Araco and Gifu Auto Body As part of Toyota Toyota Auto Body develops and produces a range of minivans SUVs light commercial vehicles and auto parts Contents 1 History 2 Facilities 2 1 Vehicle assembly and management 2 2 Other facilities 2 3 Overseas subsidiaries 3 Products 4 Absorbed operations 4 1 Araco 4 2 Gifu Auto Body 5 Sports 6 Notes 7 References 7 1 Citations 7 2 Bibliography 8 External linksHistory edit nbsp Headquarters in Kariya Japan Toyota Auto Body was established on 31 August 1945 as a corporate spin off of Toyota Motor Industry s Kariya plant 5 6 with the name Toyota Auto Body Industries トヨタ車体工業 Toyota Shatai Kōgyō 6 7 At first it produced auto bodies for Toyota In 1951 the company became the first Japanese manufacturer in producing a truck body made completely of steel 5 In 1953 the company adopted its present name 7 8 In January 1957 it opened an assembly facility in Kariya for mass producing trucks 9 In November 1959 it created a vehicle conversion subsidiary Kariya Painting later renamed Tokai Utility Motor 10 11 In the early 1960s Toyota gave clear functions to some of its then itaku subcontracting companies Toyota Auto Body was centred on producing trucks Kanto Auto Works passenger vans and pickups Arakawa Auto Body Land Cruisers and special vehicles 12 In 1960 Toyota Auto Body produced 74 000 trucks including large trucks the Stout the ToyoAce an 87 of Toyota s overall truck production and a 48 of its total vehicle production In 1964 truck production from Toyota Auto Body large trucks the Stout the ToyoAce the Dyna rose to 116 000 trucks comprising 90 of Toyota s truck production and 27 of all vehicles 12 In January 1964 Toyota Auto Body opened a second assembly facility in Kariya the Fujimatsu plant 13 which produced the first Japanese hard top car during the 1960s 5 14 the Corona Hard top 5 The company also became the first itaku in assembling mass produced passenger cars The production percentage of passenger cars and other light vehicles would increase for the company during the following years 15 In the late 1960s Toyota Auto Body led the development of a small van with a one box design similar to European ones at the time but according to former Toyota senior employee Akira Kawahara something yet unseen in the Japanese industry 16 In 1967 Toyota Auto Body began producing the van named as HiAce It became the most produced model from the company with more than 6 million units as of April 2017 update 17 Toyota Auto Body would continue developing and producing one box design vans 18 In 1970 Toyota Auto Body production was 149 000 passenger cars and 142 000 commercial vehicles trucks and buses 15 although the actual percentage declined to 17 6 of Toyota s total vehicle production 19 In the 1970s Toyota Auto Body was one of the first companies in using quality function deployment QFD paralleling the initial developments from Yoji Akao at Mitsubishi Heavy Industries The rest of the Toyota group adopted the method in 1979 The improvements of Toyota Auto Body on QFD influenced Ford into adopting it 20 In 1992 the company established Toyota Body Seiko an auto parts subsidiary and began investments to increase the production of one box vehicles as the rest of its passenger car business was in decline 21 In December 1993 Toyota Auto Body opened the van focused Inabe plant 22 By the mid 1990s Toyota Auto Body ventured into the production of high end one box passenger vans derived from the HiAce In 1995 it started producing the Granvia a HiAce based semi bonneted van made to comply with European safety regulations From the Granvia the company developed the Alphard which was launched in 2002 23 In 2008 it introduced an Alphard twin vehicle the Vellfire 24 In May 2001 Toyota announced it would consolidate all production of one box Toyota badged cars intended for the Japanese market into Toyota Auto Body by moving the assembly of the LiteAce TownAce Noah and its successor Noah from Daihatsu 25 In 2004 Toyota Auto Body incorporated the auto body and vehicle production businesses from Araco 7 In 2005 the Kariya plant was repurposed for converting vehicles instead of producing trucks 26 In the fiscal year ended March 2007 Toyota Auto Body achieved its largest production volume with about 745 000 vehicles produced during the period 27 In 2007 Gifu Auto Body became a wholly owned subsidiary of Toyota Auto Body 5 28 In November 2018 Toyota announced it would transfer all van development to Toyota Auto Body 29 In 2019 Toyota Auto Body announced it would produce the first Lexus badged passenger van 23 at its Inabe plant 30 the Lexus LM a badge engineered Alphard the second Lexus product coming from the company after the Land Cruiser based Lexus LX 23 the latter a legacy product from Araco 31 In December 2022 Toyota Auto Body signed an agreement by which it planned to sell shares of Toyota Body Seiko to Toyota Boshoku a minority shareholder by October 2023 increasing the latter s ownership to a 66 4 controlling stake 32 After the transaction was completed Toyota Body Seiko became a subsidiary of Toyota Boshoku instead of Toyota Auto Body and changed its name to Toyota Boshoku Seiko 33 Toyota Boshoku may turn Toyota Boshoku Seiko into a wholly owned subsidiary at a later date 32 In the early 2020s the company opened specialty stores for customising and selling accessories of its produced vehicles In January 2023 it pre opened a Land Cruiser customisation and services store in Kariya operated by Tokai Utility Motor and called Land Cruiser Base ランクルBase note 1 to be fully operational by mid 2023 34 In June 2023 it opened another for its commercial vehicle range in Fukagawa Tokyo within the Toyota Mobility Tokyo store which is called Cargo Base 35 In April 2024 Toyota Auto Body fully resumed production after several of its assembly lines were halted for over a month as a result of an investigastion into Toyota Industries supplied diesel engines 36 Toyota Auto Body was a public company until late 2011 when Toyota made it a wholly owned subsidiary and delisted its shares 37 38 Facilities editVehicle assembly and management edit nbsp Fujimatsu plant Toyota Auto Body assembly plants are Fujimatsu Ichiriyama Kariya Aichi 39 Inabe Inabe Mie 40 Yoshiwara Yoshiwara Toyota Aichi 41 Kariya Showa Kariya Aichi 39 There is a development centre in Toyota Aichi Kotobuki New Development Centre The head offices are in Kariya Aichi Additional offices are located in Tokyo and Osaka 42 The Fujimatsu plant covers a 436 700 square metres m2 area 39 and was established in January 1964 13 The present Kariya plant covering 99 100 m2 39 was established in 1957 9 Both plant produce vehicles but Fujimatsu is mostly focused on minivans and Kariya on electric vehicles As of March 2017 update the plants had a combined workforce of 3 139 281 of them working at the Kariya plant 39 The Inabe plant is the main minivan production hub of Toyota Auto Body It covers 800 500 m2 40 and was established in December 1993 22 As of March 2017 update it had 2 266 employees 40 The Yoshiwara plant produces body on frame vehicles It covers 196 200 m2 and was established in 1962 As of March 2017 update it had 2 337 employees 41 By the 1999 fiscal year all Toyota Auto Body plants got the ISO 14001 certification The company s plants use the Toyota Production System 43 Toyota Auto Body s Gifu Auto Body headquarters and facilities are in Unuma Mitsuike Kakamigahara Gifu Its facilities cover 163 000 m2 As of March 2019 update the company had 2 565 employees 44 Other facilities edit Toyota Auto Body Research and Development トヨタ車体研究所 Toyota Shatai Kenkyujo is Toyota Auto Body wholly owned research and development subsidiary It is headquartered in Kirishima Kagoshima and was established in 1990 7 Toyota Auto Body made design and development work for Toyota from the early 1960s and together with Toyota and sister itaku companies formed part of ATODE All TOyota DEsign a group formed in December 1960 aimed at securing a consistent styling for Toyota badged vehicles The Toyota Auto Body s design branch became an autonomous part of the company in 1978 45 The present Toyota Auto Body Research and Development subsidiary has a 5 719 m2 building and 403 employees 46 Tokai Utility Motor has facilities in Anjō Kariya and Inabe 47 Overseas subsidiaries edit Toyota Auto Body has subsidiaries in Indonesia Taiwan Thailand Malaysia China and the United States 48 Most Toyota Auto Body s affiliates outside Japan are joint ventures The Taoyuan based 49 Taiwanese affiliate is called Chun Shyang Shin Yeh Industry Chinese 春翔欣業 pinyin Chun Xiang Xin Ye 50 and was established in 1997 It is a joint venture between Toyota Auto Body and Chun Yuan Steel a Taiwanese steel manufacturer The joint venture produces pressed parts vehicle doors and suspension components for Toyota cars 51 Toyota Auto Body owns a 51 stake 50 In Thailand Toyota Auto Body s first Thai operations began in February 1978 producing stamped parts for Hilux pickups 52 Toyota Auto Body Thailand officially started activities in 1979 53 as a stamped auto parts producer 54 In 1988 it formed a joint venture with Toyota Motor Thailand 55 called Toyota formerly Thai 56 Auto Works The venture is focused on producing the HiAce Toyota Auto Body owns a 63 stake 55 Both Thai ventures have plants in Samutprakan the Samrong plant Toyota Auto Body Thailand and the Teparak plant Toyota Auto Works 57 In 2004 Toyota Auto Body established a joint venture called Thai Auto Conversion aimed at producing specially equipped vehicles 48 Toyota Auto Body also has various joint ventures in Indonesia In 1995 58 it established along with other Toyota subsidiaries Sugity Creatives an Indonesian joint venture 59 headquartered in Cikarang Bekasi 60 and aimed at producing resin components for cars 59 From late 2012 to 2016 it produced vehicles 61 including the Noah 58 rebadged as NAV1 61 Toyota Auto Body owns an 88 52 of the venture 59 Toyota Auto Body also has stakes in the joint ventures Toyota Auto Body Tokai Extrusion and Resin Plating Technology both producing auto parts 48 As for China Toyota Auto Body has a 65 owned Chinese joint venture Tab Minth Mobility Equipment to sell assistive components 48 The rest of the Toyota Auto Body s overseas affiliates are wholly owned subsidiaries These are the Malaysian auto parts producer Toyota Auto Body Malaysia established in 2005 62 and the American Auto Parts Manufacturing Mississippi established in 2011 48 Products edit nbsp A COMS As of 2022 update vehicles assembled by Toyota Auto Body include the Alphard the Vellfire the Voxy the Noah the Land Cruiser the HiAce the RegiusAce the GranAce the Coaster the electric vehicle COMS the Lexus LX and LM 63 64 65 Toyota Auto Body production by plant as of early 2022 Plant Products Fujimatsu Honsha plant Voxy Noah Alphard Land Cruiser 70 Kariya plant COMS vehicle conversion Inabe plant HiAce GranAce RegiusAce Alphard Vellfire Lexus LM Yoshiwara plant Land Cruiser 300 Land Cruiser 70 Lexus LX J310 Kakamigahara Honsha plant HiAce Coaster vehicle conversion Notes Plants with blue background are directly controlled by Toyota Auto Body plants with light blue background are directly controlled by Toyota Auto Body and formerly belonged to Araco plants with light red background are indirectly controlled by Toyota Auto Body through its subsidiary Gifu Auto Body Sources 26 40 30 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 Absorbed operations editAraco edit Araco Corporation アラコ株式会社 Arako Kabushiki gaisha was one of the first manufacturing subsidiaries of Toyota It was established in 1946 7 incorporated July 1947 74 at Nagoya 75 by a former Toyota Industries sheet metal worker named Gihee Arakawa as Arakawa Sheet Metal Industries 荒川鈑金工業 Arakawa Bankin Kōgyō 7 The company firstly made sheet metal work for Toyota soon adding vehicle interior parts including seats and auto bodies 76 In 1953 it started assembling the Toyota BJ 77 78 and later the successive Land Cruisers 76 79 The Arakawa assembled Land Cruiser was the main export product from Toyota in the late 1950s and early 1960s 28 of all vehicle exports in the period 1956 1964 74 In 1960 it entered into production the RK160B Coaster 77 The company opened two new plants around Toyota City during the 1960s Kotobuki 1960 and Yoshiwara 1962 13 It was renamed as Arakawa Auto Body Industries 荒川車体工業 Arakawa Shatai Kōgyō in 1961 before adopting the Araco name in 1988 7 In 1995 the company began assembling Lexus vehicles 31 77 In 2004 Araco activities were split and the auto body and vehicle production operations became part of Toyota Auto Body The vehicle interior business was merged into Toyota Boshoku 7 9 A different Toyota subsidiary established in 1974 as Kyoei Sangyo 協栄産業 Kyōei Sangyō was renamed as Kyoei Araco in 2004 and as Araco in 2015 This Araco specialises on seats for Lexus vehicles 80 Gifu Auto Body edit nbsp Gifu Auto Body facilities pictured in 2017 Gifu Auto Body Co Ltd 岐阜車体工業株式会社 Gifu Shatai Kōgyō Kabushiki gaisha 81 is a Gifu based vehicle manufacturer 28 It was established in 1940 as a truck body manufacturer In 1959 after receiving a big order of military vehicles from Toyota it associated itself with the latter 82 producing bodies for light trucks 82 83 such as the Dyna and the Stout 84 In the 1960s Gifu Auto Body hand built the Land Cruiser FJ45V a long wheelbase variant of the third generation Land Cruiser 85 Up until 1967 the company s production was focused on the Land Cruiser model and light trucks That year Toyota consolidated all Land Cruiser assembly in Japan into Arakawa Auto Body Industries From 1967 onwards the main focus of Gifu Auto Body became the production of light trucks and the HiAce until Toyota transferred truck production to Hino Motors in 1998 86 In January 1996 Toyota launched a civilian version of the BXD10 military vehicle called BXD20 Mega Cruiser and it was assembled by Gifu Auto Body Production ended in August 2001 87 88 By 2007 Gifu Auto Body was producing the HiAce and auto parts pressed parts and truck seats 28 That year it became a wholly owned subsidiary of Toyota Auto Body 5 28 through stock swap 28 In July 2015 Gifu Auto Body transferred its auto parts business to Toyota Body Seiko in order to focus on commercial vehicle assembly 89 In December 2016 Toyota Auto Body moved production of the Coaster from its Yoshiwara plant to Gifu Auto Body 71 nbsp 2018 TLC Rally Dakar contenderSports editAn Araco team entered Land Cruisers into the Rally Dakar from 1995 onwards In 2005 the team was renamed as Team Land Cruiser Toyota Auto Body TLC 90 As of 2024 update it has achieved eleven consecutive victories in the diesel production car class 91 The company entered a HiAce into the 2023 Toyota Gazoo Racing Rally Challenge The HiAce rally version was built on a GDH201V chassis modified by Cast a HiAce tuning division of the Sanko Works company and it was run by Toyota Auto Body s own team Toyota Auto Body Team Hiace Cast had already entered a couple of HiAces into the 2021 All Japan Rally Championship 92 Toyota Auto Body has two company teams participating in Japanese national sports championships the volleyball team Toyota Auto Body Queenseis and the handball team Toyota Auto Body Brave Kings 93 As of 2023 update Gifu Auto Body is sponsor of FC Gifu 94 Notes edit ランクル Rankuru is a common abbreviation for Land Cruiser ランドクルーザー Rando Kuruza used in Japan especially referring to older models References editCitations edit トヨタ車体株式会社 第108期決算公告 Toyota Auto Body Co Ltd Announcement of financial results for the 108th fiscal year in Japanese Toyota Auto Body Retrieved 19 July 2023 via Company Activities Total Research Institute Japanese Production Sites Toyota Global Newsroom Toyota Retrieved 16 April 2020 会社概要 Company profile in Japanese Toyota Auto Body Retrieved 23 January 2022 新社長に松尾氏 トヨタ車体 Matsuo appointed as new president at Toyota Auto Body The Mid Japan Economist in Japanese 1 February 2023 Retrieved 1 May 2023 a b c d e f トヨタ車体 創立65周年 Toyota Auto Body 65th anniversary of foundation in Japanese Response jp 1 September 2010 Retrieved 20 December 2018 a b Jacobs 2015 p 104 a b c d e f g h Tanaka 2015 p 66 Jacobs 2015 p 115 a b c Jacobs 2015 p 116 株式会社東海特装車 Tokai Utility Motor Co Ltd in Japanese National Corporate List September 2010 Retrieved 6 April 2021 ヴォクシー ベースのキャンピングカー発売 東海特装車 Voxy based camper released by Tokai Utility Motor The Mid Japan Economist in Japanese 31 January 2018 Retrieved 6 April 2021 a b Shioji 1995 p 25 a b c Jacobs 2015 p 108 Shiomi 1995 p 47 a b Shioji 1995 p 28 Kawahara 2012 pp 48 49 トヨタ車体が生産３０００万台達成 Toyota Auto Body achieved production of 30 million units in Japanese Sankei 12 April 2017 Retrieved 20 December 2018 Kawahara 2012 p 50 Shioji 1995 p 20 ReVelle Moran amp Cox 1998 pp 3 5 トヨタ車体 ワンボックス車増産 注目企業診断 Toyota Auto Body to increase production of one box vehicles notable company diagnosis Nikkei Sangyo Shimbun in Japanese 5 August 1992 Retrieved 5 January 2023 via Nikkei Compass a b トヨタ車体のいなべ工場が累計生産100万台を達成 Toyota Auto Body s Inabe Plant reaches a total vehicle production of one million in Japanese Response jp 17 June 2003 Retrieved 30 May 2019 a b c レクサス初のミニバン LM は どんな車なのか What kind of car is LM Lexus first passenger van Livedoor in Japanese Line 10 May 2019 Retrieved 27 February 2020 Sato Takeshi 9 March 2018 Hotta Takeshi ed トヨタ ヴェルファイアZG FF 8AT 21世紀のお駕篭 Toyota Vellfire ZG FF 8AT 21st century litter Car Graphic in Japanese webCG Retrieved 28 February 2020 ダイハツがトヨタのワゴン車を生産中止 Daihatsu discontinues production of Toyota estate cars in Japanese Response jp 9 May 2001 Retrieved 19 December 2019 a b Affiliates Toyota wholly owned subsidiaries Toyota Auto Body Co Ltd Toyota Retrieved 19 December 2019 トヨタ車体06年度決算 生産台数 売上高が過去最高 Toyota Auto Body s FY2006 Production volume and sales are at record high in Japanese Response jp 24 April 2007 Retrieved 23 December 2019 a b c d e トヨタ車体 岐阜車体を完全子会社化 Gifu Auto Body becomes a wholly owned subsidiary of Toyota Auto Body in Japanese Response jp 24 May 2007 Retrieved 20 December 2018 Toyota Motor Corporation and Toyota Auto Body Co Ltd Agree to Transfer Van Business to Toyota Auto Body Press release Toyota 28 November 2018 Retrieved 6 November 2019 a b Fung Derek 7 April 2019 Lexus teases people mover Car Advice Retrieved 28 February 2020 a b Dawson 2011 a b トヨタ車体子会社取得へ トヨタ紡織 シート事業競争力強化 Toyota Boshoku s acquisition of Toyota Auto Body subsidiary set to strengthen the competitiveness of its seating business The Mid Japan Economist in Japanese 28 December 2022 Retrieved 4 January 2023 トヨタ紡織精工を発足 トヨタ車体精工子会社化で Toyota Body Seiko became a subsidiary of Toyota Boshoku with the name Toyota Boshoku Seiko The Mid Japan Economist in Japanese 4 October 2023 Retrieved 9 October 2023 Koketsu Toshiya 28 December 2022 トヨタ車体 ランクルBASE 開設へ ランドクルーザーの情報発信基地 Toyota Auto Body s Land Cruiser Base to be opened A Land Cruiser information dissemination base in Japanese Response jp Retrieved 19 July 2023 トヨタ車体 商用車架装専門店 CARGO BASE を東京 深川に開設 6 24オープン ハイエース のコンプリートカーや用品を展示 Toyota Auto Body to open Cargo Base a specialty store for commercial vehicles in Fukagawa Tokyo on June 24 It is exhibiting a complete HiAce vehicle and accessories Nikkan Jidosha Shimbun in Japanese 20 June 2023 Retrieved 19 July 2023 via Yahoo News Japan トヨタ 不正で停止の2工場 生産ライン再稼働 全工場で生産再開 Toyota restarts assembly lines at two plants shut down due to fraud production resumed in all of them NHK in Japanese 4 March 2024 Retrieved 15 April 2024 Toyota overhauls domestic units to save Japan manufacturing Live Mint HT Media 13 July 2011 Retrieved 20 December 2018 Toyota Auto Body to be subsidiary Japan Times 23 November 2011 Retrieved 6 November 2019 a b c d e 富士松工場 刈谷工場 Fujimatsu plant Kariya plant in Japanese Toyota Auto Body Retrieved 15 May 2020 a b c d いなべ工場 Inabe plant in Japanese Toyota Auto Body Retrieved 14 December 2019 a b 吉原工場 Yoshiwara plant in Japanese Toyota Auto Body Retrieved 15 May 2020 Profile Toyota Auto Body Retrieved 20 December 2018 Company profile PDF Toyota Auto Body pp 12 21 Retrieved 17 May 2020 Company outline Gifu Auto Body Retrieved 20 December 2018 Kikuchi 2019 pp 82 88 Company profile in Japanese Toyota Auto Body Research and Development Retrieved 6 April 2021 Company profile in Japanese Tokai Utility Motor Retrieved 6 April 2021 a b c d e Overseas operations Toyota Auto Body Retrieved 20 December 2018 Chun Shyang Shin Yeh Industry Co Ltd Bloomberg Retrieved 23 May 2020 a b 股本組成 Capital composition in Chinese Chun Shyang Shin Yeh Retrieved 17 May 2020 春翔欣業 トヨタ車体 高技術力で台湾自動車部品業界をリードする Toyota Auto Body s Chun Shyang Shin Yeh leads the Taiwan auto parts industry with high technology NNA Business News in Japanese 26 August 2003 Retrieved 17 May 2020 Kawabe 2013 p 423 McNamara 2009 p 119 Radhika amp Mukund 2010 p 353 a b About us Toyota Auto Works Retrieved 17 May 2020 Maikaew Piyachart 22 January 2013 New Toyota plant to open this year Bangkok Post Retrieved 24 May 2020 Kukuchi amp Gokan 2011 p 25 a b Dent 2016 p 63 a b c Toyota Produksi Mobil Komersial Model Baru Desember nanti BeritaSatu in Indonesian 11 November 2012 Retrieved 17 May 2020 Sugity Creatives PT Bloomberg Retrieved 23 May 2020 a b Toyota Hentikan Perakitan Lokal NAV1 Tribun in Indonesian 19 December 2016 Retrieved 17 May 2020 TABM established in Malaysia Toyota Retrieved 17 May 2020 Products line up Toyota Auto Body Retrieved 24 January 2022 a b トヨタ エスクァイア 生産終了 2021年12月上旬に7年の歴史に幕 Toyota Esquire production discontinued A seven year history ends in early December 2021 Yahoo News Japan in Japanese 19 September 2021 Retrieved 23 January 2022 a b レクサスLX600のリアデザインがリークされる デビューは2021年冬とのうわさ Lexus LX600 rear design leaked Some rumours say that it will debut in the winter of 2021 Moby in Japanese 2 August 2021 Retrieved 23 January 2022 Toyota to Launch New Model Granace in Japan Press release Toyota 25 November 2019 Archived from the original on 14 December 2019 Retrieved 14 December 2019 via ACN Newswire Yahoo News いなべ工場 Inabe plant in Japanese Toyota Auto Body Retrieved 14 December 2019 ミニバン トヨタ車体に移管 意思決定迅速化 委託から変更 Transfer to Toyota Body of the minivan development from consignment for speeding up decision making sankeibiz jp in Japanese Sankei 29 November 2018 Retrieved 14 December 2019 ハイエース 50周年で式典 トヨタ車体 HiAce s 50th anniversary ceremony held at Toyota Auto Body nikkei com in Japanese Nikkei 18 December 2017 Retrieved 15 December 2019 トヨタ エスティマ10月に生産終了 車種絞り込みで Toyota s Estima to end production in October for streamlining vehicle models nikkei com in Japanese Nikkei 30 August 2019 Retrieved 21 December 2019 a b トヨタ コースター 新型 増井専務 快適性や安全性を大幅に向上した All new Toyota Coaster President Masui It greatly improved comfort and safety in Japanese Response jp 22 December 2016 Retrieved 21 December 2019 トヨタ 国内14工場27ライン58車種で生産調整 アクア新型とランドクルーザー300も Toyota adjusts production of 27 lines and 58 models from 14 Japanese factories All new Aqua and Land Cruiser 300 in Japanese Response jp 20 August 2021 Retrieved 23 January 2022 1月の国内工場の稼働について 1 21時点 Operation of domestic plants in January as of 1 21 Press release in Japanese Toyota 21 January 2022 Retrieved 23 January 2022 a b Shioji 1995 p 26 Dillon amp Shingo 1985 p 215 a b Tabb 1995 p 122 a b c Brief story Toyota Auto Body Retrieved 20 December 2018 Stronach Fraser Meddows Benjamin 5 July 2007 Classic 4X4 Toyota BJ FJ Land Cruiser Which Car Retrieved 30 May 2019 Wohlfarth amp Namba 2016 p 132 Outline of the company in Japanese Araco Retrieved 20 December 2018 Outline in Japanese Gifu Auto Body Retrieved 1 March 2020 a b Nakayama 2016 p 67 Shiomi 1995 p 35 Nishiguchi 1994 p 105 Comer Colin 23 December 2015 How I Sold a Toyota Land Cruiser for Nearly 200 000 and Lost Money Road amp Track Hearst Autos Retrieved 1 March 2020 Kikuchi 2019 p 91 Glon Ronan 31 January 2020 The Japanese Hummer you ve never heard of Autocar Haymarket Automotive Retrieved 1 March 2020 Mega Cruiser Toyota Retrieved 1 March 2020 Kikuchi Harushige Kano Yuki 2 July 2015 トヨタ車体 子会社の事業見直し 生産移管で効率化へ Business review of Toyota Auto Body subsidiary Transfer for efficient production The Mid Japan Economist in Japanese Retrieved 1 March 2020 トヨタ ランドクルーザーが無敵の５連覇達成 Toyota Land Cruiser achieved unbeatable five Web Car Top in Japanese Kotsu Times 19 January 2018 Retrieved 21 December 2018 トヨタ車体が11連覇 ダカールラリー2024の市販車部門で優勝 Toyota Auto Body wins its eleventh consecutive victory at the 2024 Dakar Rally s production car class Nikkan Jidosha Shimbun in Japanese 17 January 2023 Retrieved 15 April 2024 Aoyama Yoshiaki 17 July 2023 トヨタ ハイエース でラリーに参戦出来るのか トヨタ車体が本気でチャレンジする理由とは Is it possible to participate in rally with a Toyota HiAce Why is Toyota Auto Body seriously challenging it Auto Messe Web in Japanese Retrieved 19 July 2023 via Yahoo News Japan 企業スポーツ活動 Corporate sports activities in Japanese Toyota Auto Body Retrieved 22 December 2018 Partners in Japanese FC Gifu Retrieved 19 July 2023 Bibliography edit Dawson Chester 2011 Something Wicked This Way Comes Lexus The Relentless Pursuit John Whiley amp Sons ISBN 978 0 470 82807 6 Dillon Arthur P Shingo Shigeo 1985 A Revolution in Manufacturing The SMED System CRC Press ISBN 978 0 915 29903 4 Dent Christopher M 2016 East Asia regionalisation and new economic geography East Asian Regionalism Routledge ISBN 978 1 317 50944 8 Jacobs A J 2015 The New Domestic Automakers in the United States and Canada History Impacts and Prospects Lexington Books ISBN 978 0 739 18826 2 Kawabe Nobuo 2013 Roles of Multinational Companies in the Self Sustenance of the Thai Automobile Industry The Case of Toyota Motor Thailand PDF The Waseda Commercial Review 438 Graduate School of Commerce Waseda University ISSN 0387 3404 Kawahara Akira 2012 The Origin of Competitive Strength Fifty Years of the Auto Industry in Japan and the U S Springer ISBN 978 4 431 68419 0 Kikuchi Wataru 2019 トヨタのデザイン委託の史的分析 Historical analysis of Toyota s design consignment Rikkyo Economic Review in Japanese 72 4 Rikkyo University doi 10 14992 00017916 ISSN 0035 5356 Kukuchi Akifumi Gokan Toshitaka 2011 On the sequence of steps in clustering policy for creating spatial advantages In Kukuchi Akifumi Tsuji Masatsugu eds Industrial Clusters Upgrading and Innovation in East Asia Edward Elgar Publishing ISBN 978 0 857 93513 7 McNamara Dennis 2009 Automotive sector Business Innovation in Asia Knowledge and Technology Networks from Japan Routledge Contemporary Asia Series Vol 17 Routledge ISBN 978 1 135 21940 6 Nakayama Kenichiro 2016 日本自動車産業の委託生産の生成 トヨタ 日産 本田を中心として Generating outsourced production for the Japanese automotive industry About Toyota Nissan Honda Industrial Research Papers in Japanese 50 Institute of Industrial and Business Management Department of Business Management Sapporo University ISSN 0916 9121 NDLC ZD111 Nishiguchi Toshihiro 1994 Strategic Industrial Sourcing The Japanese Advantage Oxford University Press ISBN 978 0 195 07109 2 Radhika A Neela Mukund A 2010 Toyota s globalization strategies In Segal Horn Susan Faulkner David eds Understanding Global Strategy Cengage Learning EMEA ISBN 978 1 844 80149 7 ReVelle Jake B Moran John W Cox Charles A 1998 The QFD Handbook John Wiley amp Sons ISBN 978 0 471 17381 6 Shioji Hiromi 1995 Itaku Automotive Production An Aspect of the Development of Full Line and Wide Selection Production by Toyota in the 1960s Kyoto University Economic Review 65 1 Kyoto University 19 42 ISSN 0023 6055 JSTOR 43217480 Shiomi Haruhito 1995 The Formation of Assembler Networks in the Automobile In Shiomi Haruhito Wada Kazuo eds Fordism Transformed The Development of Production Methods in the Automobile Industry Fuji Business History Vol 1 Oxford University Press ISBN 978 0 198 28961 6 Tabb William K 1995 The Postwar Japanese System Cultural Economy and Economic Transformation Oxford University Press ISBN 978 0 195 35829 2 Tanaka Takenori 2015 トヨタ車体研究所における開発の取り組み 九州での 開発の現地化 に関する一考察 Development efforts at Toyota Auto Body Institute A study on development localisation in Kyushu PDF The Meijo Review in Japanese 15 Society of Economics and Business Management Meijo University ISSN 1345 7993 Archived PDF from the original on 20 December 2018 Wohlfarth Alexander Namba Takeshi 2016 トヨタ ランドクルーザー 絶大な信頼性を誇る4輪駆動車 Toyota Land Cruiser Highly reliable four wheel drive vehicle PDF in Japanese Miki Press ISBN 978 4 89522 653 0 External links editOfficial website Gifu Auto Body website Toyota Auto Body Research and Development website Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Toyota Auto Body amp oldid 1219013215 Facilities, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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