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Yonezawa Domain

June 29, 2023

Yonezawa Domain (米沢藩, Yonezawa-han) was a feudal domain in Edo period Japan, located in Dewa Province (modern-day Yamagata Prefecture), Japan. It was centered at Yonezawa castle in what is now the city of Yamagata, and its territory extended over the Okitama District of Dewa Province, in what is today southeastern Yamagata Prefecture. It was ruled throughout its history by the Uesugi clan, as tozama daimyō, with an initial income of 300,000 koku, which later fell to 150,000–180,000. The Uesugi were ranked as a province-holding daimyō (国持ち大名, kunimochi daimyō) and as such, had the privilege of shogunal audiences in the Great Hall (Ōhiroma) of Edo Castle.[1]

Yonezawa Domain
米沢藩
under Tokugawa shogunate Japan
1601–1871
CapitalYonezawa Castle
History
 • TypeDaimyō
Historical eraEdo period
• Established
1601
• Disestablished
1871
Today part ofpart of Yamagata Prefecture
Moats of Yonezawa Castle, administrative center of Yonezawa Domain

The domain shifted from a poor, indebted, and corruptly led domain to a very prosperous one in only a few decades in the 1760s–80s. Yonezawa was declared in 1830 by the shogunate to be the paragon of a well-managed domain. Scholar Mark Ravina used Yonezawa as a case study[2] in analysing the political status and conceptions of statehood and identity in the feudal domains of the Edo period (1603–1868).

History

The region which later became Yonezawa Domain was held by the Date clan for much of the Sengoku period, from 1548 to 1591, when Toyotomi Hideyoshi came to power and declared the Date move to Iwadeyama in Mutsu Province. The Gamō clan were given Aizu to govern under the Uesugi, and Tairō Uesugi Kagekatsu gave his karō (advisor) Naoe Kanetsugu a 300,000 koku income.

In 1600, however, the Uesugi opposed Tokugawa Ieyasu in the Sekigahara Campaign, and lost, becoming tozama daimyō (outsider lords) under the new shogunate. Their income and territory worth 1,200,000 koku was reduced to 300,000, and they were forced to leave their holdings in Aizu, and were allowed to keep only Yonezawa, which they recovered from Naoe Kanetsugu. Their new domain thus consisted of 180,000 koku in Dewa Province, and 120,000 koku in neighboring Mutsu province. This 300,000 koku territory would represent the peak of the Uesugi clan's income during the Tokugawa period.

As with most of the han, Yonezawa acted as a semi-independent state, ruled directly by its daimyō. The Uesugi demanded respect for the shogunate from their retainers, and forbade public criticism, but only imposed and enforced those edicts and policies set by the central authorities which they chose to. Retainers were ordered to obey shogunal laws while outside the domain, but within it, shogunal orders did not apply unless conveyed by the daimyō.[3]

In 1664, the third daimyō of Yonezawa, Uesugi Tsunakatsu, died without producing an heir. The succession was determined at the advice of his father-in-law, Hoshina Masayuki, the younger brother to shōgun Tokugawa Iemitsu. He suggested that the clan adopt Uesugi Tsunanori, the son of Tsunakatsu's younger sister and Kira Yoshinaka as heir, although this would mean splitting the domain in half, down to only the 150,000 koku portion within Dewa province. This decision led to severe financial difficulties in the domain, for the Uesugi and their administration, and for the increasingly impoverished peasants. The problem became so severe that the eighth daimyō, Uesugi Shigetada, seriously considered surrendering the domain to the shogunate. Instead, he resigned his position as daimyō in favor of Uesugi Harunori, who then began to reform the domain's administration and to revive its economy. He introduced strict disciplinary measures, and ordered the execution of several karō who opposed his plans. In order to finance castle repairs imposed upon his domain by the shogunate, Harunori asked his retainers to agree to a reduction of their stipends. As a result of these various measures, Yonezawa again became fairly prosperous, and did not suffer much from the great famine which swept Japan in the Tenmei era (1781–89). In 1830, the shogunate formally declared Yonezawa to be a choice example of a well-governed domain.

The domain had a population of 127,277 people in 23,440 households per the 1870 census. It maintained its primary residence (kamiyashiki) in Edo near the Sakurada-mon gate to Edo Castle. The site is now the head office of the Ministry of Justice (Japan).[4] The domain's secondary residence (shimoyashiki) was in Azabu, and its tertiary residence (nakayashiki) was in Shirogane.

When the Boshin War erupted in 1868, and the shogunate came to an end with the abdication of shōgun Tokugawa Yoshinobu, the Uesugi joined the "Northern Alliance" (Ōuetsu Reppan Dōmei), voicing their support for the embattled Aizu domain and opposing Satsuma and Chōshū domination of the new imperial government, while stating an intent to "reconquer Japan, that the Emperor may indeed reign over it."[5] The Alliance members also acknowledged their debt to Hoshina Masayuki, the first Aizu lord, who was a respected figure in many domains. After several months the Alliance was defeated, and the new Meiji government reduced the domain by 40,000 koku, and its subsidiary domain of "Yonezawa Shinden han" was abolished in 1869. Yonezawa Domain became Yonezawa prefecture with the abolition of the han system as a whole two years later, and was then combined with Okitama prefecture to form Yamagata prefecture.

The final daimyō of Yonezawa, Uesugi Mochinori, was later ennobled with the new kazoku peerage title of hakushaku (Count).

List of daimyō

Name Tenure Courtesy title Court Rank revenues
1 Uesugi Kagekatsu (上杉景勝) 1601–1623 Echigo-no-kami (越後守); Chunagon (中納言); 3rd (従三位)　 300,000 koku
2 Uesugi Sadakatsu (上杉定勝) 1623–1645 Sakon'e-shōshō (左近衛少将) Lower 4th (従四位下) 300,000 koku
3 Uesugi Tsunakatsu (上杉綱勝) 1645–1664 Harima-no-kami (播磨守) ); Jijū (侍従) Lower 4th (従四位下) 300,000 koku
4 Uesugi Tsunanori (上杉綱憲) 1664–1703 Danjō-daihitsu (弾正大弼); Jijū (侍従) Lower 4th (従四位下) 150,000 koku
5 Uesugi Yoshinori (上杉吉憲) 1703–1722 Minbu-taifu (民部大輔) Lower 4th (従四位下) 150,000 koku
6 Uesugi Munenori (上杉宗憲) 1722–1734 Danjō-daihitsu (弾正大弼); Jijū (侍従) Lower 4th (従四位下) 150,000 koku
7 Uesugi Munefusa (上杉宗房) 1734–1746 Minbu-taifu (民部大輔) Lower 4th (従四位下) 150,000 koku
8 Uesugi Shigesada (上杉重定) 1746–1767 Oi-no-kami (大炊頭 ) Lower 4th (従四位下) 150,000 koku
9 Uesugi Harunori (上杉治憲) 1767–1785 Danjō-daihitsu (弾正大弼); Jijū (侍従) Lower 4th (従四位下) 150,000 koku
10 Uesugi Haruhiro (上杉治広) 1785–1812 Danjō-daihitsu (弾正大弼); Jijū (侍従) Lower 4th (従四位下) 150,000 koku
11 Uesugi Narisada (上杉斉定) 1812–1839 Danjō-daihitsu (弾正大弼); Jijū (侍従) Lower 4th (従四位下) 150,000 koku
12 Uesugi Narinori (上杉斉憲) 1839–1869 Danjō-daihitsu (弾正大弼); Jijū (侍従) Lower 4th (従四位下) 150,000 → 180,000 koku
13 Uesugi Mochinori (上杉茂憲) 1869–1871 Shikibu-taifu (式部大輔); Jijū (侍従) 2nd (従二位) 180,000 → 147,000 koku

Genealogy

  • Nagao Tamekage (1489–1543)
    • UESUGI KENSHIN (1530–1578)
    • Aya-gozen (1524–1609), m. Nagao Masakage (1526–1564)
      •   I. Uesugi Kagekatsu, 1st daimyō of Yonezawa (cr. 1601) (1556–1623; r. 1601–1623)
        •   II. Sadakatsu, 2nd daimyō of Yonezawa (1604–1645; r. 1623–1645)
          •   III. Tsunakatsu, 3rd daimyō of Yonezawa (1639–1664; r. 1645–1664)
          • Umemine-in (Tomiko) (1643–1704), m. Kira Yoshinaka (1641–1703)
            •   IV. Tsunanori, 4th daimyō of Yonezawa (1663–1704; r. 1664–1703)
              •   V. Yoshinori, 5th daimyō of Yonezawa (1684–1722; r. 1703–1722)
                •   VI. Munenori, 6th daimyō of Yonezawa (1714–1734; r. 1722–1734)
                •   VII. Munefusa, 7th daimyō of Yonezawa (1718–1787; r. 1734–1746)
                •   VIII. Shigesada, 8th daimyō of Yonezawa (1720–1798; r. 1746–1767)
                  • Katsuhiro (1760-1807)
                    •   XI. Narisada, 11th daimyō of Yonezawa (1788–1839; r. 1812–1839)
                      •   XII. Narinori, 12th daimyō of Yonezawa (1820–1889; r. 1839–1869)
                        •   XIII. Mochinori, 13th daimyō, 14th family head, 1st Count (1844–1919; daimyō: 1869; Governor: 1869–1871; 14th family head: 1869–1919; Count: 1884)
                          • Noriaki, 2nd Count, 15th family head (1876–1953; 15th family head: 1919-1953; 2nd Count: 1919–1947)
                            • Takanori, 16th family head (1917–1995; 16th family head: 1953–1995)
                              • Kuninori, 17th family head (b. 1943; 17th family head: 1995– )
                                • Hironori (b. 1969)
                  •   X. Haruhiro, 10th daimyō of Yonezawa (1764–1822; r. 1785–1812)
            • Toyohime, m. Kuroda Nagasada, 4th daimyō of Akizuki (1695–1754)
              • Haruhime, m. Akizuki Tanemitsu, 6th daimyō of Takanabe (1718–1787)
                •   IX. Harunori, 9th daimyō of Yonezawa (1751–1822; r. 1767–1785)

[6]

Advisors

Famous advisors (karō) of the Yonezawa Domain through the course of the Edo period included Chisaka Takafusa, Irobe Matashirō, and Chisaka Takamasa.

Secondary domains

Yonezawa Shinden Domain

Yonezawa Shinden Domain (米沢新田藩, Yonezawa Shinden han) was founded in 1719 for Uesugi Katsuchika, the fourth son of Uesugi Tsunanori, the 4th daimyō of Yonezawa Domain, who assigned him 10,000 koku of new rice revenues. The domain continued as a subsidiary of Yonezawa Domain, ruled by a succession of younger sons of the parent house. Following the defeat of Yonezawa Domain in the Boshin War, Yonezawa Shinden Domain was reabsorbed into its parent domain, and its final daimyō, Uesugi Katsumichi was later granted the kazoku peerage title of shishaku (viscount).

Name Tenure Courtesy title Court Rank kokudaka
1 Uesugi Katsuchika (上杉勝周) 1719–1749 Suruga-no-kami (駿河守) Lower 5th (従五位下) 10,000 koku
2 Uesugi Katsuyoshi (上杉勝承) 1749–1785 Suruga-no-kami (駿河守) Lower 5th (従五位下) 10,000 koku
3 Uesugi Katsusada (上杉勝定) 1785–1815 Suruga-no-kami (駿河守) Lower 5th (従五位下) 10,000 koku
4 Uesugi Katsuyoshi (上杉勝義) 1815–1842 Suruga-no-kami (駿河守) Lower 5th (従五位下) 10,000 koku
5 Uesugi Katsumichi (上杉勝道) 1842–1869 Sado-no-kami (佐渡守) Lower 5th (従五位下) 10,000 koku

References

  • Papinot, E (1910). Historical and Geographic Dictionary of Japan. Tuttle (reprint) 1972.
  • Sasaki Suguru (2004). Boshin Sensō 戊辰戦争. Tokyo: Chuokōron-shinsha.

External links

  • (in Japanese) "Yonezawa-han" on Edo 300 HTML

Notes

  1. ^ "Yonezawa-han"
  2. ^ Mark Ravina (1999). Land and Lordship in Early Modern Japan. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
  3. ^ Toby, Ronald (2001). "Rescuing the Nation from History: The State of the State in Early Modern Japan". Monumenta Nipponica 56:2. p206.
  4. ^ [. Archived from the original on June 10, 2015. Retrieved February 28, 2015. Edo daimyo.net (in Japanese)
  5. ^ John R. Black. Young Japan: Yokohama and Yedo, Vol. II (London: Trubner & Co., 1881), pp. 213–215
  6. ^ Genealogy (jp)

June 29, 2023
yonezawa, domain, 米沢藩, yonezawa, feudal, domain, period, japan, located, dewa, province, modern, yamagata, prefecture, japan, centered, yonezawa, castle, what, city, yamagata, territory, extended, over, okitama, district, dewa, province, what, today, southeast. Yonezawa Domain 米沢藩 Yonezawa han was a feudal domain in Edo period Japan located in Dewa Province modern day Yamagata Prefecture Japan It was centered at Yonezawa castle in what is now the city of Yamagata and its territory extended over the Okitama District of Dewa Province in what is today southeastern Yamagata Prefecture It was ruled throughout its history by the Uesugi clan as tozama daimyō with an initial income of 300 000 koku which later fell to 150 000 180 000 The Uesugi were ranked as a province holding daimyō 国持ち大名 kunimochi daimyō and as such had the privilege of shogunal audiences in the Great Hall Ōhiroma of Edo Castle 1 Yonezawa Domain米沢藩under Tokugawa shogunate Japan1601 1871CapitalYonezawa CastleHistory TypeDaimyōHistorical eraEdo period Established1601 Disestablished1871Today part ofpart of Yamagata PrefectureMoats of Yonezawa Castle administrative center of Yonezawa Domain The domain shifted from a poor indebted and corruptly led domain to a very prosperous one in only a few decades in the 1760s 80s Yonezawa was declared in 1830 by the shogunate to be the paragon of a well managed domain Scholar Mark Ravina used Yonezawa as a case study 2 in analysing the political status and conceptions of statehood and identity in the feudal domains of the Edo period 1603 1868 Contents 1 History 2 List of daimyō 2 1 Genealogy 3 Advisors 4 Secondary domains 4 1 Yonezawa Shinden Domain 5 References 6 External links 7 NotesHistory EditThe region which later became Yonezawa Domain was held by the Date clan for much of the Sengoku period from 1548 to 1591 when Toyotomi Hideyoshi came to power and declared the Date move to Iwadeyama in Mutsu Province The Gamō clan were given Aizu to govern under the Uesugi and Tairō Uesugi Kagekatsu gave his karō advisor Naoe Kanetsugu a 300 000 koku income In 1600 however the Uesugi opposed Tokugawa Ieyasu in the Sekigahara Campaign and lost becoming tozama daimyō outsider lords under the new shogunate Their income and territory worth 1 200 000 koku was reduced to 300 000 and they were forced to leave their holdings in Aizu and were allowed to keep only Yonezawa which they recovered from Naoe Kanetsugu Their new domain thus consisted of 180 000 koku in Dewa Province and 120 000 koku in neighboring Mutsu province This 300 000 koku territory would represent the peak of the Uesugi clan s income during the Tokugawa period As with most of the han Yonezawa acted as a semi independent state ruled directly by its daimyō The Uesugi demanded respect for the shogunate from their retainers and forbade public criticism but only imposed and enforced those edicts and policies set by the central authorities which they chose to Retainers were ordered to obey shogunal laws while outside the domain but within it shogunal orders did not apply unless conveyed by the daimyō 3 In 1664 the third daimyō of Yonezawa Uesugi Tsunakatsu died without producing an heir The succession was determined at the advice of his father in law Hoshina Masayuki the younger brother to shōgun Tokugawa Iemitsu He suggested that the clan adopt Uesugi Tsunanori the son of Tsunakatsu s younger sister and Kira Yoshinaka as heir although this would mean splitting the domain in half down to only the 150 000 koku portion within Dewa province This decision led to severe financial difficulties in the domain for the Uesugi and their administration and for the increasingly impoverished peasants The problem became so severe that the eighth daimyō Uesugi Shigetada seriously considered surrendering the domain to the shogunate Instead he resigned his position as daimyō in favor of Uesugi Harunori who then began to reform the domain s administration and to revive its economy He introduced strict disciplinary measures and ordered the execution of several karō who opposed his plans In order to finance castle repairs imposed upon his domain by the shogunate Harunori asked his retainers to agree to a reduction of their stipends As a result of these various measures Yonezawa again became fairly prosperous and did not suffer much from the great famine which swept Japan in the Tenmei era 1781 89 In 1830 the shogunate formally declared Yonezawa to be a choice example of a well governed domain The domain had a population of 127 277 people in 23 440 households per the 1870 census It maintained its primary residence kamiyashiki in Edo near the Sakurada mon gate to Edo Castle The site is now the head office of the Ministry of Justice Japan 4 The domain s secondary residence shimoyashiki was in Azabu and its tertiary residence nakayashiki was in Shirogane When the Boshin War erupted in 1868 and the shogunate came to an end with the abdication of shōgun Tokugawa Yoshinobu the Uesugi joined the Northern Alliance Ōuetsu Reppan Dōmei voicing their support for the embattled Aizu domain and opposing Satsuma and Chōshu domination of the new imperial government while stating an intent to reconquer Japan that the Emperor may indeed reign over it 5 The Alliance members also acknowledged their debt to Hoshina Masayuki the first Aizu lord who was a respected figure in many domains After several months the Alliance was defeated and the new Meiji government reduced the domain by 40 000 koku and its subsidiary domain of Yonezawa Shinden han was abolished in 1869 Yonezawa Domain became Yonezawa prefecture with the abolition of the han system as a whole two years later and was then combined with Okitama prefecture to form Yamagata prefecture The final daimyō of Yonezawa Uesugi Mochinori was later ennobled with the new kazoku peerage title of hakushaku Count List of daimyō Edit Uesugi clan 1601 1871 tozama Name Tenure Courtesy title Court Rank revenues1 Uesugi Kagekatsu 上杉景勝 1601 1623 Echigo no kami 越後守 Chunagon 中納言 3rd 従三位 300 000 koku2 Uesugi Sadakatsu 上杉定勝 1623 1645 Sakon e shōshō 左近衛少将 Lower 4th 従四位下 300 000 koku3 Uesugi Tsunakatsu 上杉綱勝 1645 1664 Harima no kami 播磨守 Jiju 侍従 Lower 4th 従四位下 300 000 koku4 Uesugi Tsunanori 上杉綱憲 1664 1703 Danjō daihitsu 弾正大弼 Jiju 侍従 Lower 4th 従四位下 150 000 koku5 Uesugi Yoshinori 上杉吉憲 1703 1722 Minbu taifu 民部大輔 Lower 4th 従四位下 150 000 koku6 Uesugi Munenori 上杉宗憲 1722 1734 Danjō daihitsu 弾正大弼 Jiju 侍従 Lower 4th 従四位下 150 000 koku7 Uesugi Munefusa 上杉宗房 1734 1746 Minbu taifu 民部大輔 Lower 4th 従四位下 150 000 koku8 Uesugi Shigesada 上杉重定 1746 1767 Oi no kami 大炊頭 Lower 4th 従四位下 150 000 koku9 Uesugi Harunori 上杉治憲 1767 1785 Danjō daihitsu 弾正大弼 Jiju 侍従 Lower 4th 従四位下 150 000 koku10 Uesugi Haruhiro 上杉治広 1785 1812 Danjō daihitsu 弾正大弼 Jiju 侍従 Lower 4th 従四位下 150 000 koku11 Uesugi Narisada 上杉斉定 1812 1839 Danjō daihitsu 弾正大弼 Jiju 侍従 Lower 4th 従四位下 150 000 koku12 Uesugi Narinori 上杉斉憲 1839 1869 Danjō daihitsu 弾正大弼 Jiju 侍従 Lower 4th 従四位下 150 000 180 000 koku13 Uesugi Mochinori 上杉茂憲 1869 1871 Shikibu taifu 式部大輔 Jiju 侍従 2nd 従二位 180 000 147 000 kokuGenealogy Edit Nagao Tamekage 1489 1543 UESUGI KENSHIN 1530 1578 Aya gozen 1524 1609 m Nagao Masakage 1526 1564 I Uesugi Kagekatsu 1st daimyō of Yonezawa cr 1601 1556 1623 r 1601 1623 II Sadakatsu 2nd daimyō of Yonezawa 1604 1645 r 1623 1645 III Tsunakatsu 3rd daimyō of Yonezawa 1639 1664 r 1645 1664 Umemine in Tomiko 1643 1704 m Kira Yoshinaka 1641 1703 IV Tsunanori 4th daimyō of Yonezawa 1663 1704 r 1664 1703 V Yoshinori 5th daimyō of Yonezawa 1684 1722 r 1703 1722 VI Munenori 6th daimyō of Yonezawa 1714 1734 r 1722 1734 VII Munefusa 7th daimyō of Yonezawa 1718 1787 r 1734 1746 VIII Shigesada 8th daimyō of Yonezawa 1720 1798 r 1746 1767 Katsuhiro 1760 1807 XI Narisada 11th daimyō of Yonezawa 1788 1839 r 1812 1839 XII Narinori 12th daimyō of Yonezawa 1820 1889 r 1839 1869 XIII Mochinori 13th daimyō 14th family head 1st Count 1844 1919 daimyō 1869 Governor 1869 1871 14th family head 1869 1919 Count 1884 Noriaki 2nd Count 15th family head 1876 1953 15th family head 1919 1953 2nd Count 1919 1947 Takanori 16th family head 1917 1995 16th family head 1953 1995 Kuninori 17th family head b 1943 17th family head 1995 Hironori b 1969 X Haruhiro 10th daimyō of Yonezawa 1764 1822 r 1785 1812 Toyohime m Kuroda Nagasada 4th daimyō of Akizuki 1695 1754 Haruhime m Akizuki Tanemitsu 6th daimyō of Takanabe 1718 1787 IX Harunori 9th daimyō of Yonezawa 1751 1822 r 1767 1785 6 Advisors EditFamous advisors karō of the Yonezawa Domain through the course of the Edo period included Chisaka Takafusa Irobe Matashirō and Chisaka Takamasa Secondary domains EditYonezawa Shinden Domain Edit Yonezawa Shinden Domain 米沢新田藩 Yonezawa Shinden han was founded in 1719 for Uesugi Katsuchika the fourth son of Uesugi Tsunanori the 4th daimyō of Yonezawa Domain who assigned him 10 000 koku of new rice revenues The domain continued as a subsidiary of Yonezawa Domain ruled by a succession of younger sons of the parent house Following the defeat of Yonezawa Domain in the Boshin War Yonezawa Shinden Domain was reabsorbed into its parent domain and its final daimyō Uesugi Katsumichi was later granted the kazoku peerage title of shishaku viscount Uesugi clan 1719 1869 tozama Name Tenure Courtesy title Court Rank kokudaka1 Uesugi Katsuchika 上杉勝周 1719 1749 Suruga no kami 駿河守 Lower 5th 従五位下 10 000 koku2 Uesugi Katsuyoshi 上杉勝承 1749 1785 Suruga no kami 駿河守 Lower 5th 従五位下 10 000 koku3 Uesugi Katsusada 上杉勝定 1785 1815 Suruga no kami 駿河守 Lower 5th 従五位下 10 000 koku4 Uesugi Katsuyoshi 上杉勝義 1815 1842 Suruga no kami 駿河守 Lower 5th 従五位下 10 000 koku5 Uesugi Katsumichi 上杉勝道 1842 1869 Sado no kami 佐渡守 Lower 5th 従五位下 10 000 kokuReferences EditPapinot E 1910 Historical and Geographic Dictionary of Japan Tuttle reprint 1972 Sasaki Suguru 2004 Boshin Sensō 戊辰戦争 Tokyo Chuokōron shinsha External links Edit in Japanese Yonezawa han on Edo 300 HTMLNotes Edit Yonezawa han Mark Ravina 1999 Land and Lordship in Early Modern Japan Stanford Stanford University Press Toby Ronald 2001 Rescuing the Nation from History The State of the State in Early Modern Japan Monumenta Nipponica 56 2 p206 江戸大名公卿net Archived from the original on June 10 2015 Retrieved February 28 2015 Edo daimyo net in Japanese John R Black Young Japan Yokohama and Yedo Vol II London Trubner amp Co 1881 pp 213 215 Genealogy jp Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Yonezawa Domain amp oldid 1146070287, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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