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Xukuru language

Xukuru (Xucuru, Shukurú, Ichikile) was a poorly attested language of Brazil. It is also known as Kirirí, Kirirí-Xokó, Ichikile. It is known only from a few word lists and a sketch by Geraldo Lapenda (1962).[2]

Xukuru
Native toBrazil
RegionPernambuco
Ethnicity2,700 Xukuru people (2012)[1]
Extinct1960s[1]
Language codes
ISO 639-3xoo
Glottologxuku1239
xucu1234

It was originally spoken in the Serra de São José and on the Meio River, Capibaribe River and Taperoa River in the states of Pernambuco and Paraíba. Loukotka (1968) reports the most recent locations as the Serra Ararobá and Cimbres.[3]

Classification edit

Loukotka (1968) considers Xukuru to form a small family with Paratió.[3]

Other languages with this name edit

Xukuru-Kariri is a variety of Xokó, which may be a Kariri language. The name Kiriri is shared by Dzubukuá, another Kariri language, and by Katembri. The name Kiriri-Xoko is shared with yet another variety of Xokó.

Distribution edit

Geraldo Lapenda (1962) reported that the Xukuru people can be found primarily in the settlements of Canabrava and Brejinho in the aldeia of Cimbres, Pesqueira municipality. They can also be found in the settlements of Cajueiro, Ipanema Velho, Caldeirão, Jitó, Lagoa, Machado, Sitio do Meio, Riacho dos Afetos, Trincheiras, Bem-te-vi, Santana, and São José. Although the Xukuru traditionally occupied the Serra do Ororobá, they could also be found in other municipalities of Pernambuco, namely Caruaru, Brejo da Madre de Deus, Belo Jardim, Sanharó, Poção, Pesqueira, and Arcoverde.[2]

Phonology edit

Consonants edit

Xukuru consonants:[2]

p t k
b d g
f s ç h
v z
m n
l
r j

Vowels edit

Xukuru vowels:[2]

i u
é [e] ó [o]
ê [ɛ] ô [ɔ]
a

Xukuru also has nasalized vowels. Lapenda (1962) transcribes nasalized vowels as Vn (orthographic vowel followed by n).

Morphology edit

Common suffixes in Xukuru include -go, which forms verbs, adjectives, and nouns, and -men, of uncertain meaning.[2]

Vocabulary edit

Pompeu (1958) edit

Xucurú vocabulary from Pompeu (1958),[4] cited from Kurt Nimuendajú:[5][4]

Portuguese gloss
(original)
English gloss
(translated)
Xucurú
homem man xenúpre
mulher woman moéla
fogo fire intôa
água water teu
pedra stone kébra
cabeça head kreká
orelha ear bandulak
bôca mouth mãz
nariz nose korõzá
língua tongue izarágo
dente tooth ciladê
mão hand kereké
foot poyá
casa house sek
olho (olha) eye (see) pigó

Meader (1978) edit

Xukuru is also known from a word list elicited in 1961 by Paul Wagner from Antônio Caetano do Nascimento, the chief of Brazinho village in the Serra Urubu of Pesqueira, Pernambuco State. The list is reproduced below, with English translations also given.[6]

Portuguese gloss
(original)
English gloss
(translated)
Xukuru
água water křikišε
arco bow fřεša
azul blue ιniyε
bebo I drink taiyε̨
fazer beber to drink uřιnka/o
boca mouth opigomə̨
branco white piřaːša
carne de boi beef iːša de mařiñu
carne de porco pork iːša de pʰužu
casa home šεkI / šεkʰ
está chovendo it is raining křišišε
cobra snake katə̨go / šabatə̨na / sązařa
comer (fazer) eat křιŋgɔ
corda (de índio) rope (of Indian) kəšta
correr (fazer) run mutəgo
dia day 'aːdamε
dormir to sleep muřiša
flecha arrow bεštə
fogo fire kiya
fumo smoke mažε
fumando (fazendo) smoking ε/ιštə̨ŋgu
joelho knee žəže
lua moon kιlaRmɔ
machado axe takɔ de supapʰo
mãe mother tšiɔkɔ
mandioca cassava iːəmu
farinha de mandioca cassava flour įəmu
matar kill kopago/u
menino boy ambεkO / křipʰu/i
milho corn šιgu / šiːgřu / siːgu
morto (defunto) dead (deceased) kupʰu
mulher / moça woman / girl ɔkřιpi / tšɔkɔ
nariz nose šikřį
noite night batukį
noite clara clear night kilařižmąų / kιlařižmąų
noite sem luar moonless night batřokį / batokį
nuvem cloud nǫmbřu
olho eye aloži / lə̨že/ε
pai dad taiɔpʰu
panela de barro clay pot mɔiː
pau stick křə̨ži
foot poiya
pés-de-bode goat feet poia de mε̨mε̨ŋgo
pedra stone kařašiši / kašiši / kebřə
pequeno small křeɔ
perna fina thin leg žatiři
pessoa ruim bad person taːnañago
piolho louse kuša
preta black woman takažu křεga
preto black man takažu pu
sangue blood bǫdąso
sol sun aːdɔmε
terra earth lιmulagu
velho old iakɔ / taiəpu / přɔ
vem cá come here iąkɔ / iə̨nkɔ
verde green piřaša / takaιnyε
abóbora pumpkin porou
até logo see you later ambeřa
banana banana pakɔvɔ
beiju beiju šɔšɔgu
bicho-de-pé chigoe flea
(Tunga penetrans)
bušu / bušudu
bode goat mε̨mε̨ŋgo
boi ox mařį
bolsa handbag aiyɔ
bom-dia good morning břεmε̨/æ̨
brasa ember toe
brigar (mentir?) (fazer) fight (lie?) ařago
cabaça gourd kuřekɔ/a
caboclo caboclo taispu/U
caboclo velho old caboclo přɔ / sanumpI/i
cachaça cachaça uřiːka žɔgu
cachimbo smoking pipe šaduřε
café coffee fǫfǫ
cágado tortoise šabutε
cansado tired nanəgu
carneiro ram labudu
cavalo horse pitšιŋgə
chapéu hat křeakřugu
chefe chief přə
chorando crying šualya
cintura waist hododoːgu
dar na cabeça give in the head kupago
dinheiro money εntaiu
doce sweet kažuřə
duas horas da tarde two o'clock in the afternoon ŋgutimæ
escuro dark bətukį / batyukį
espingarda shotgun kašuvemini / nazařinə
espírito (homem) spirit (of man) kopʰu ařaga
fava fava bean kuřikə
feijão bean saka
fica quieto stay quiet naiyεtigořε / naiyε biago
fome (está com) hungry (be) šuřakI/i
fósforo match (lighter) křiya
galinha chicken tapuka
gato cat žetona
gato do mato / leão wildcat / lion tə̨tə̨ŋgu / tątągu
homem mal feito ugly man křugu/i
ladrão thief šikřεgugu
lagartinha small caterpillar kuřišiba
lenha firewood křə̨ži
língua dos Xukurus Xukuru language břɔbɔ
maça cudgel kuřikɔ
madeira wood křə̨ž
mentira a lie (not truth) uːegwe
mulata mulatto křεšuagu
nome da tribo Xukuru tribe šukuřuiz
Nossa Senhora Our Lady (Virgin Mary) təməį
Nosso Senhor Our Lord (Jesus) tupə̨
onça / rato jaguar / rat pipʰiu
padre father pažε
panela / jarro pot / pitcher mə̨yį
patim skate iːə̨kə̨
pato duck tapukə
peba drink šabutε / šababutε
peru turkey papιsaka / isaka
ponto de boi point of ox kakřiə̨kʰɔ
porco pig pužu
prato de barro clay plate šεtkibųgu
preá Brazilian guinea pig (Cavia aperea) bεŋo / bεŋgo
prender (fez) catch abřeřa
com raiva angry mařau
rapadura rapadura kařuža
rede net tipʰoia
roubar (fazer) steal ařagu / šιkřugu / šikřεgu
roupa (genérico) clothing (generic) takʰɔ
roupa rasgada rags, ripped clothing takə ařagu
saia skirt tinəŋgɔ
sapato shoe šaba
sapo toad sařapə
sede thirst sεři
soldado soldier ařεdæři / kəmakwį
titica useless ižari / šapřuiz
titica grande very useless žaři
trovão thunder təkəmařu / takəmařau
urinar urinate žιgu
urubu vulture gřaːsia
vai dar de corpo will give body šιkumə
viagem (fazer) travel ųbřeːřa / muntəgu

Lapenda (1962) edit

The following Xucuru words are from Geraldo Lapenda (1962). The data was collected by Raimundo Dantas Carneiro and Cícero Cavalcanti. (Xukuru also has nasalized vowels. Lapenda (1962) transcribes nasalized vowels as Vn (orthographic vowel followed by n).)[2]

Portuguese gloss
(original)
English gloss
(translated)
Xucuru
água water téw, kaité
água, rio water, river xakr
animal, boi animal, ox amank
arapuá Trigona spinipes bee suska
arma de fogo gun, firearm tuman-igú (tu-man-i-gú)
banana banana akôbra
barriga belly mayópó, tuyá
bébado drunk, intoxicated tan-yen
boa tarde! good afternoon! lakutmen
bode, cabra goat menmengo (men-men-go)
boi ox gahanxo (ga-han-xo), marinha (ma-rin-ha)
bom good konengo, pirara
bom dia! good morning! komenmen
brasa, fogo ember, fire xetkubú
cabeça head kréká
cabelo hair avenko, exék, unj
cacete club, bludgeon konkré, ximbó
cachimbo smoking pipe makringó, xanduré
cachimbo do ritual ritual pipe xanduré
cachorro dog jabrêgo
cacique chief, indigenous leader nekrètá
cadáver corpse kapxégo
café coffee zinbaw
carne meat, beef inxa
carneiro ram zangzag
carnívoro carnivore zmaragúgo
casa home xako
chapéu (coberta da cabeça) hat (head covering) kré agúgo
chover rain (verb) krikxé
comer, comida eat, food kringó
copular copulate uyuingo
correr run montógo, onbrêra
de manhã in the morning in bemen
de noite in the night in tataramen
de tarde in the afternoon in kutmen
defecar defecate xikúgo
Deus God Putú, Paité
dinheiro money itay
dizer say nennen (nen-nen)
doce sweet tuxá
doente, doença sick, illness tayrgêgo
dormir sleep gon-yá (gon-yá)
espancar, matar beat, kill kupágo
espirito spirit jetó
faca knife sakwaren, tilôa
farinha de mandioca cassava flour amun (a-mún)
feijão bean saká
feio ugly katongo, waga
feiticeiro sorcerer jubêgo
filho son akó
fogo fire itôka
fome, faminto, ter fome hungry xurak
frio cold xiá
fumaça smoke (noun) (chaminé) ximinéw
fumar smoke (verb) stongo
fumar durante o rito to smoke during a ritual jiton
gado cattle xafangú, amank
gato cat jetonm (je-ton-m)
gato-do-mato oncilla (Leopardus tigrinus) tantango
guloso, gula greedy, gluttony inbrugúgo
homem branco white man karé
índio Indian xennunpr (xen-nun-pr)
intestino, ventre intestine, womb mayópó
invocar os espíritos invoke the spirits jetó jéti
ladrão thief xuhégo
lua moon klarihmon
marido husband aríderí
matar kill arágo
mau bad awixo, irú, inbrugúgo
mau, feio bad, ugly waga
melancia watermelon befêw
menino boy jéút, mayópípo
mentiroso, mentira, mentir liar, lie jupegúgo, xupegúgo
milho corn jigo, xigo
mocó (animal) rock cavy koriko pexerumen
não no biá
não falar not talk non-yen biá
nariz nose axéko, xikrin
negro black mankwé, jupú, taka, gon-yé
Nossa Senhora Our Lady Taminn (ta-min-n)
Nossa Senhora das Montanhas Our Lady of the Mountains Taman-ín-a (ta-man-in-a)
Nosso Senhor Our Lord Papá Duá
ôlho eye axó, pigamnan
onça jaguar wanmanx (wan-man-x), lanprêgo
ovelha sheep burudo, zangzag
foot poyá
pedra stone kwêbra, krekré
pequeno small akrugó, bibí, gingin, krinin, kuit
peru turkey teadusaka
pinto chick kréun-inxo (kré-ún-in-xo)
preá price bengo, koriko mandumen
prender catch ajigo
rapazola boy (big for his age) awiko
reunião ritual ritual meeting inkant
rito ritual prayá
sal salt lungin (lun-gin), ínkin
sol sun murasi
tatu-bola armadillo manntú (man-n-tú)
terra earth lemolahgo, kraxixi
tícaca opossum (type of) fekiá
timbu, gambá opossum totiko, utxaká
tripa intestines madgoz
urinar urinate xabrêgo
velha old woman wakó
velho old man pró, tayópo
venha cá come here iankwan
vento forte strong wind xuá
vinho de jurema jurema liquor jusa

Loukotka (1949) edit

The following Shukurú words are from Loukotka (1949). The data is from a 137-word manuscript list collected by Curt Nimuendajú in 1934 from 4 elderly semi-speakers in Pernambuco. The list was obtained by Loukotka in 1940.[7]

French gloss
(original)
English gloss
(translated)
Shukurú
chien dog ʒebrégo
dent tooth tʃilodé
eau water téu
femme woman moéla
feu fire intóa
hache axe tilóa
homme man ʃenũprĕ
jaguar jaguar lamprémp
langue tongue ĩʃ-arágŏ
main hand koreké
maïs maize ʃígŭ
maison house ʃek
manioc cassava ʃakurarágŭ
manger eat kreŋgô
oreille har bandalák
pied foot poyá
pierre stone kéiba
pot pot koréka
serpent snake saŋsála
tabac tobacco mãʒé
tête head kreká

Sentences edit

The following Xucuru sentences are from Lapenda (1962).[2]

No. Xucuru Portuguese gloss
(original)
English gloss
(translated)
1 xenunpr man-yógo karé O caboclo está com raiva do branco. The caboclo is angry with the white man.
2 jubêgo jog kupágo krèká tió-pípo O feiticeiro embriagado deu uma pancada na cabeça da moça. The drunken sorcerer hit the girl on the head.
3 xennunpr kringó xoxógo kuit O indio comeu um pequeno pedaço de beiju. The Indian ate a small piece of beiju.
4 inxa xangzag konengo A carne do carneiro é boa. The meat of the lamb is good.
5 urika karé konengo A bebida do branco é boa. The white drink is good.
6 xennunpr tayegêgo xurak O indio está doente de fome. The Indian is sick with hunger.
7 tapípo montógo arágo tumanigú xakrok, tapipo teregonmen xurak A menina foi matar com arma de fogo o tatu, ela chegou com fome. The girl went to kill the armadillo with a gun; she arrived hungry.
8 xurak, xugín konengo kringó Eu tenho fome, o feijão está bom de se comer. I'm hungry; the beans are good to eat.
9 kringó tuxá, pirara kaité xiá, xáko onbriá pró Comi doce, com boa água fria, em casa de meu velho camarada. I ate sweets, with good cold water, at my old friend's house.
10 tapuka tigá konengo kringó A galinha assada está boa de se comer. The roasted chicken is good to eat.
11 tapuka kringó kuit jigo A galinha comeu muito pouco milho. The chicken ate very little corn.
12 befêw konengo kringó A melancia está boa de se comer. The watermelon is good to eat.
13 wanmanx kringó menmengo A onça comeu o bode. The jaguar ate the goat.
14 amank arágo gon-yé xako O boi matou o negro em casa. The ox killed the black man at his home.
15 xako irú biá A casa não é ruim. The house is not bad.
16 pininga montógo xako Paulo O cavalo foi-se embora para a casa de Paulo. The horse left for Paulo's house.
17 pininga pirara montógo O cavalo é muito bom de se viajar. The horse is very good for traveling.
18 Pedro intataramen kebogó konkré xikrin, xukégo jibongo kuit Pedro de noite matou uma pessoa de cacetada no nariz, para roubar uma quantia insignificante. Pedro killed a person with a club on the nose, to steal a small amount.
19 Pedro xukégo pitinga jabrêgo akrugó onbriá Pedro roubou o cavalo é o cachorrinho de seu camarada. Pedro stole the horse and his friend's puppy.
20 karé xukégo gurinxáún akó xennunpr inkutmen O branco roubou a fava do filho do caboclo à tarde. The white man stole the beans from the caboclo's son in the afternoon.
21 arederi ajigo xennunpr O soldado prendeu o índio. The soldier caught the Indian.
22 jigo konengo inxa tapuka O milho é bom com carne de galinha. Corn is good with chicken meat.
23 inxa inkín konengo A carne salgada é boa. Salty meat is good.
24 amun konengo A farinha de mandioca é boa. Cassava flour is good.
25 sanzara arágo tepô A cobra matou a raposa. The snake killed the fox.
26 akó jadirimen irú O filho do soldado é ruim. The soldier's son is bad.
27 xenn awiko pirara, pirax A flor do rapazola é muito boa e bonita. The boy's flower is very good and beautiful.
28 mayópípo kréxa katongo O menino do mulato é feio. The mulatto boy is ugly.
29 tapipo karé tóé A menina do branco é modesta. The white girl is modest.
30 jéút xukégo kréagúgo onbriá O menino roubou o chapéu de seu camarada. The boy stole his friend's hat.
31 téw xiá konengo tuxá A água fria é boa com doce. Cold water is good with sweets.
32 pepuko João konengo biá A rede de João não é boa. João's net is not good.
33 tapipo xennunpr pirax, tapipo potá pirara A índia é muito bonita, ela dança muito bem. The Indian is very beautiful; she dances very well.
34 xennunpr poyá tayegêgo O índio está com o pé doente. The Indian has an injured foot.
35 Manú zmaragugo bengo Manuel é comedor de carne de preá. Manuel is a meat eater.
36 tazip pró waga O sapato do velho é feio. The old man's shoe is ugly.
37 krenj irú A lenha é ruim. The firewood is bad.
38 gon-yê poyá katongo O pé do negro é feio. The black man's foot is ugly.
39 batukrin xiá konengo O dia frio é bom. The cold day is good.
40 tayópo nen-yen biá xukurú Meu avó não fala o xucuru. My grandfather does not speak Xucuru.
41 karé Pesqueira nen-yen, xennunpr xukurú munkunj, karé xupegúgo O povo de Pesqueira diz que o índio xucuru é preguiçoso, isto não é verdade. The people of Pesqueira say that the Xucuru Indian is lazy; this is not true.
42 karé xukégo kraxixi xukurú Urubá, xennunpr nan-yógo Os brancos tomaram as terras dos índios da Serra Urubá, e êles ficaram com raiva. The whites took the lands of the Serra Urubá Indians, and they were angry.
43 kanbay zipotay Valha-me Deus! God help me!

References edit

  1. ^ a b Xukuru at Ethnologue (25th ed., 2022)  
  2. ^ a b c d e f g Lapenda, Geraldo Calábria. 1962. O dialecto Xucuru. Doxa (Revista Oficial do Departamento de Cultura do Diretório Acadêmico da Faculdade de Filosofia de Pernambuco da Universidade do Recife), ano X, n. 10, p. 11-23.
  3. ^ a b Loukotka, Čestmír (1968). Classification of South American Indian languages. Los Angeles: UCLA Latin American Center.
  4. ^ a b Pompeu Sobrinho, Thomaz. 1958. Línguas Tapuias desconhecidas do Nordeste: Alguns vocabulários inéditos. Boletim de Antropologia (Fortaleza-Ceará) 2. 3-19.
  5. ^ Nimuendajú, Kurt. “Revista do Instituto Arqueológico, Histórico e Geográfico Pernambucano”. ns. 155, 158.
  6. ^ Meader, Robert E. (1978). Indios do Nordeste: Levantamento sobre os remanescentes tribais do nordeste brasileiro (in Portuguese). Brasilia: SIL International.
  7. ^ Loukotka, Čestmír (1949). "Sur quelques langues inconnues de l'Amérique du Sud". Lingua Posnaniensis (in French). 1: 53–82.
  • Lapenda, Geraldo Calábria. 1962. O dialecto Xucuru. Doxa (Revista Oficial do Departamento de Cultura do Diretório Acadêmico da Faculdade de Filosofia de Pernambuco da Universidade do Recife), ano X, n. 10, p. 11-23. Biblioteca Digital Curt Nimuendaju.

External links edit

  • Xukuru vocabulary

xukuru, language, xukuru, xucuru, shukurú, ichikile, poorly, attested, language, brazil, also, known, kirirí, kirirí, xokó, ichikile, known, only, from, word, lists, sketch, geraldo, lapenda, 1962, xukurunative, tobrazilregionpernambucoethnicity2, xukuru, peop. Xukuru Xucuru Shukuru Ichikile was a poorly attested language of Brazil It is also known as Kiriri Kiriri Xoko Ichikile It is known only from a few word lists and a sketch by Geraldo Lapenda 1962 2 XukuruNative toBrazilRegionPernambucoEthnicity2 700 Xukuru people 2012 1 Extinct1960s 1 Language familyXukuruan Language codesISO 639 3 a href https iso639 3 sil org code xoo class extiw title iso639 3 xoo xoo a Glottologxuku1239xucu1234It was originally spoken in the Serra de Sao Jose and on the Meio River Capibaribe River and Taperoa River in the states of Pernambuco and Paraiba Loukotka 1968 reports the most recent locations as the Serra Araroba and Cimbres 3 Contents 1 Classification 2 Other languages with this name 3 Distribution 4 Phonology 4 1 Consonants 4 2 Vowels 5 Morphology 6 Vocabulary 6 1 Pompeu 1958 6 2 Meader 1978 6 3 Lapenda 1962 6 4 Loukotka 1949 7 Sentences 8 References 9 External linksClassification editLoukotka 1968 considers Xukuru to form a small family with Paratio 3 Other languages with this name editXukuru Kariri is a variety of Xoko which may be a Kariri language The name Kiriri is shared by Dzubukua another Kariri language and by Katembri The name Kiriri Xoko is shared with yet another variety of Xoko Distribution editGeraldo Lapenda 1962 reported that the Xukuru people can be found primarily in the settlements of Canabrava and Brejinho in the aldeia of Cimbres Pesqueira municipality They can also be found in the settlements of Cajueiro Ipanema Velho Caldeirao Jito Lagoa Machado Sitio do Meio Riacho dos Afetos Trincheiras Bem te vi Santana and Sao Jose Although the Xukuru traditionally occupied the Serra do Ororoba they could also be found in other municipalities of Pernambuco namely Caruaru Brejo da Madre de Deus Belo Jardim Sanharo Pocao Pesqueira and Arcoverde 2 Phonology editConsonants edit Xukuru consonants 2 p t kb d gf s c hv zm nlr jVowels edit Xukuru vowels 2 i ue e o o e ɛ o ɔ aXukuru also has nasalized vowels Lapenda 1962 transcribes nasalized vowels as Vn orthographic vowel followed by n Morphology editCommon suffixes in Xukuru include go which forms verbs adjectives and nouns and men of uncertain meaning 2 Vocabulary editPompeu 1958 edit Xucuru vocabulary from Pompeu 1958 4 cited from Kurt Nimuendaju 5 4 Portuguese gloss original English gloss translated Xucuruhomem man xenupremulher woman moelafogo fire intoaagua water teupedra stone kebracabeca head krekaorelha ear bandulakboca mouth maznariz nose korozalingua tongue izaragodente tooth cilademao hand kerekepe foot poyacasa house sekolho olha eye see pigoMeader 1978 edit Xukuru is also known from a word list elicited in 1961 by Paul Wagner from Antonio Caetano do Nascimento the chief of Brazinho village in the Serra Urubu of Pesqueira Pernambuco State The list is reproduced below with English translations also given 6 Portuguese gloss original English gloss translated Xukuruagua water krikisearco bow fresaazul blue iniyebebo I drink taiye fazer beber to drink urinka oboca mouth opigome branco white piraːsacarne de boi beef iːsa de marinucarne de porco pork iːsa de pʰuzucasa home sekI sekʰesta chovendo it is raining krisisecobra snake kate go sabate na sazaracomer fazer eat kriŋgɔcorda de indio rope of Indian kestacorrer fazer run mutegodia day aːdamedormir to sleep murisaflecha arrow bestefogo fire kiyafumo smoke mazefumando fazendo smoking e iste ŋgujoelho knee zezelua moon kilaRmɔmachado axe takɔ de supapʰomae mother tsiɔkɔmandioca cassava iːemufarinha de mandioca cassava flour įemumatar kill kopago umenino boy ambekO kripʰu imilho corn sigu siːgru siːgumorto defunto dead deceased kupʰumulher moca woman girl ɔkripi tsɔkɔnariz nose sikrįnoite night batukįnoite clara clear night kilarizmau kilarizmaunoite sem luar moonless night batrokį batokįnuvem cloud nǫmbruolho eye alozi le ze epai dad taiɔpʰupanela de barro clay pot mɔiːpau stick kre zipe foot poiyapes de bode goat feet poia de me me ŋgopedra stone karasisi kasisi kebrepequeno small kreɔperna fina thin leg zatiripessoa ruim bad person taːnanagopiolho louse kusapreta black woman takazu kregapreto black man takazu pusangue blood bǫdasosol sun aːdɔmeterra earth limulaguvelho old iakɔ taiepu prɔvem ca come here iakɔ ie nkɔverde green pirasa takainyeabobora pumpkin porouate logo see you later amberabanana banana pakɔvɔbeiju beiju sɔsɔgubicho de pe chigoe flea Tunga penetrans busu busudubode goat me me ŋgoboi ox marįbolsa handbag aiyɔbom dia good morning breme ae brasa ember toebrigar mentir fazer fight lie aragocabaca gourd kurekɔ acaboclo caboclo taispu Ucaboclo velho old caboclo prɔ sanumpI icachaca cachaca uriːka zɔgucachimbo smoking pipe sadurecafe coffee fǫfǫcagado tortoise sabutecansado tired nanegucarneiro ram labuducavalo horse pitsiŋgechapeu hat kreakruguchefe chief prechorando crying sualyacintura waist hododoːgudar na cabeca give in the head kupagodinheiro money entaiudoce sweet kazureduas horas da tarde two o clock in the afternoon ŋgutimaeescuro dark betukį batyukįespingarda shotgun kasuvemini nazarineespirito homem spirit of man kopʰu aragafava fava bean kurikefeijao bean sakafica quieto stay quiet naiyetigore naiye biagofome esta com hungry be surakI ifosforo match lighter kriyagalinha chicken tapukagato cat zetonagato do mato leao wildcat lion te te ŋgu tataguhomem mal feito ugly man krugu iladrao thief sikregugulagartinha small caterpillar kurisibalenha firewood kre zilingua dos Xukurus Xukuru language brɔbɔmaca cudgel kurikɔmadeira wood kre zmentira a lie not truth uːegwemulata mulatto kresuagunome da tribo Xukuru tribe sukuruizNossa Senhora Our Lady Virgin Mary temeįNosso Senhor Our Lord Jesus tupe onca rato jaguar rat pipʰiupadre father pazepanela jarro pot pitcher me yįpatim skate iːe ke pato duck tapukepeba drink sabute sababuteperu turkey papisaka isakaponto de boi point of ox kakrie kʰɔporco pig puzuprato de barro clay plate setkibuguprea Brazilian guinea pig Cavia aperea beŋo beŋgoprender fez catch abreracom raiva angry maraurapadura rapadura karuzarede net tipʰoiaroubar fazer steal aragu sikrugu sikreguroupa generico clothing generic takʰɔroupa rasgada rags ripped clothing take aragusaia skirt tineŋgɔsapato shoe sabasapo toad sarapesede thirst serisoldado soldier aredaeri kemakwįtitica useless izari sapruiztitica grande very useless zaritrovao thunder tekemaru takemarauurinar urinate ziguurubu vulture graːsiavai dar de corpo will give body sikumeviagem fazer travel ubreːra munteguLapenda 1962 edit The following Xucuru words are from Geraldo Lapenda 1962 The data was collected by Raimundo Dantas Carneiro and Cicero Cavalcanti Xukuru also has nasalized vowels Lapenda 1962 transcribes nasalized vowels as Vn orthographic vowel followed by n 2 Portuguese gloss original English gloss translated Xucuruagua water tew kaiteagua rio water river xakranimal boi animal ox amankarapua Trigona spinipes bee suskaarma de fogo gun firearm tuman igu tu man i gu banana banana akobrabarriga belly mayopo tuyabebado drunk intoxicated tan yenboa tarde good afternoon lakutmenbode cabra goat menmengo men men go boi ox gahanxo ga han xo marinha ma rin ha bom good konengo pirarabom dia good morning komenmenbrasa fogo ember fire xetkubucabeca head krekacabelo hair avenko exek unjcacete club bludgeon konkre ximbocachimbo smoking pipe makringo xandurecachimbo do ritual ritual pipe xandurecachorro dog jabregocacique chief indigenous leader nekretacadaver corpse kapxegocafe coffee zinbawcarne meat beef inxacarneiro ram zangzagcarnivoro carnivore zmaragugocasa home xakochapeu coberta da cabeca hat head covering kre agugochover rain verb krikxecomer comida eat food kringocopular copulate uyuingocorrer run montogo onbrerade manha in the morning in bemende noite in the night in tataramende tarde in the afternoon in kutmendefecar defecate xikugoDeus God Putu Paitedinheiro money itaydizer say nennen nen nen doce sweet tuxadoente doenca sick illness tayrgegodormir sleep gon ya gon ya espancar matar beat kill kupagoespirito spirit jetofaca knife sakwaren tiloafarinha de mandioca cassava flour amun a mun feijao bean sakafeio ugly katongo wagafeiticeiro sorcerer jubegofilho son akofogo fire itokafome faminto ter fome hungry xurakfrio cold xiafumaca smoke noun chamine ximinewfumar smoke verb stongofumar durante o rito to smoke during a ritual jitongado cattle xafangu amankgato cat jetonm je ton m gato do mato oncilla Leopardus tigrinus tantangoguloso gula greedy gluttony inbrugugohomem branco white man kareindio Indian xennunpr xen nun pr intestino ventre intestine womb mayopoinvocar os espiritos invoke the spirits jeto jetiladrao thief xuhegolua moon klarihmonmarido husband ariderimatar kill aragomau bad awixo iru inbrugugomau feio bad ugly wagamelancia watermelon befewmenino boy jeut mayopipomentiroso mentira mentir liar lie jupegugo xupegugomilho corn jigo xigomoco animal rock cavy koriko pexerumennao no bianao falar not talk non yen bianariz nose axeko xikrinnegro black mankwe jupu taka gon yeNossa Senhora Our Lady Taminn ta min n Nossa Senhora das Montanhas Our Lady of the Mountains Taman in a ta man in a Nosso Senhor Our Lord Papa Duaolho eye axo pigamnanonca jaguar wanmanx wan man x lanpregoovelha sheep burudo zangzagpe foot poyapedra stone kwebra krekrepequeno small akrugo bibi gingin krinin kuitperu turkey teadusakapinto chick kreun inxo kre un in xo prea price bengo koriko mandumenprender catch ajigorapazola boy big for his age awikoreuniao ritual ritual meeting inkantrito ritual prayasal salt lungin lun gin inkinsol sun murasitatu bola armadillo manntu man n tu terra earth lemolahgo kraxixiticaca opossum type of fekiatimbu gamba opossum totiko utxakatripa intestines madgozurinar urinate xabregovelha old woman wakovelho old man pro tayopovenha ca come here iankwanvento forte strong wind xuavinho de jurema jurema liquor jusaLoukotka 1949 edit The following Shukuru words are from Loukotka 1949 The data is from a 137 word manuscript list collected by Curt Nimuendaju in 1934 from 4 elderly semi speakers in Pernambuco The list was obtained by Loukotka in 1940 7 French gloss original English gloss translated Shukuruchien dog ʒebregodent tooth tʃilodeeau water teufemme woman moelafeu fire intoahache axe tiloahomme man ʃenũprĕjaguar jaguar lampremplangue tongue ĩʃ aragŏmain hand korekemais maize ʃigŭmaison house ʃekmanioc cassava ʃakuraragŭmanger eat kreŋgooreille har bandalakpied foot poyapierre stone keibapot pot korekaserpent snake saŋsalatabac tobacco maʒetete head krekaSentences editThe following Xucuru sentences are from Lapenda 1962 2 No Xucuru Portuguese gloss original English gloss translated 1 xenunpr man yogo kare O caboclo esta com raiva do branco The caboclo is angry with the white man 2 jubego jog kupago kreka tio pipo O feiticeiro embriagado deu uma pancada na cabeca da moca The drunken sorcerer hit the girl on the head 3 xennunpr kringo xoxogo kuit O indio comeu um pequeno pedaco de beiju The Indian ate a small piece of beiju 4 inxa xangzag konengo A carne do carneiro e boa The meat of the lamb is good 5 urika kare konengo A bebida do branco e boa The white drink is good 6 xennunpr tayegego xurak O indio esta doente de fome The Indian is sick with hunger 7 tapipo montogo arago tumanigu xakrok tapipo teregonmen xurak A menina foi matar com arma de fogo o tatu ela chegou com fome The girl went to kill the armadillo with a gun she arrived hungry 8 xurak xugin konengo kringo Eu tenho fome o feijao esta bom de se comer I m hungry the beans are good to eat 9 kringo tuxa pirara kaite xia xako onbria pro Comi doce com boa agua fria em casa de meu velho camarada I ate sweets with good cold water at my old friend s house 10 tapuka tiga konengo kringo A galinha assada esta boa de se comer The roasted chicken is good to eat 11 tapuka kringo kuit jigo A galinha comeu muito pouco milho The chicken ate very little corn 12 befew konengo kringo A melancia esta boa de se comer The watermelon is good to eat 13 wanmanx kringo menmengo A onca comeu o bode The jaguar ate the goat 14 amank arago gon ye xako O boi matou o negro em casa The ox killed the black man at his home 15 xako iru bia A casa nao e ruim The house is not bad 16 pininga montogo xako Paulo O cavalo foi se embora para a casa de Paulo The horse left for Paulo s house 17 pininga pirara montogo O cavalo e muito bom de se viajar The horse is very good for traveling 18 Pedro intataramen kebogo konkre xikrin xukego jibongo kuit Pedro de noite matou uma pessoa de cacetada no nariz para roubar uma quantia insignificante Pedro killed a person with a club on the nose to steal a small amount 19 Pedro xukego pitinga jabrego akrugo onbria Pedro roubou o cavalo e o cachorrinho de seu camarada Pedro stole the horse and his friend s puppy 20 kare xukego gurinxaun ako xennunpr inkutmen O branco roubou a fava do filho do caboclo a tarde The white man stole the beans from the caboclo s son in the afternoon 21 arederi ajigo xennunpr O soldado prendeu o indio The soldier caught the Indian 22 jigo konengo inxa tapuka O milho e bom com carne de galinha Corn is good with chicken meat 23 inxa inkin konengo A carne salgada e boa Salty meat is good 24 amun konengo A farinha de mandioca e boa Cassava flour is good 25 sanzara arago tepo A cobra matou a raposa The snake killed the fox 26 ako jadirimen iru O filho do soldado e ruim The soldier s son is bad 27 xenn awiko pirara pirax A flor do rapazola e muito boa e bonita The boy s flower is very good and beautiful 28 mayopipo krexa katongo O menino do mulato e feio The mulatto boy is ugly 29 tapipo kare toe A menina do branco e modesta The white girl is modest 30 jeut xukego kreagugo onbria O menino roubou o chapeu de seu camarada The boy stole his friend s hat 31 tew xia konengo tuxa A agua fria e boa com doce Cold water is good with sweets 32 pepuko Joao konengo bia A rede de Joao nao e boa Joao s net is not good 33 tapipo xennunpr pirax tapipo pota pirara A india e muito bonita ela danca muito bem The Indian is very beautiful she dances very well 34 xennunpr poya tayegego O indio esta com o pe doente The Indian has an injured foot 35 Manu zmaragugo bengo Manuel e comedor de carne de prea Manuel is a meat eater 36 tazip pro waga O sapato do velho e feio The old man s shoe is ugly 37 krenj iru A lenha e ruim The firewood is bad 38 gon ye poya katongo O pe do negro e feio The black man s foot is ugly 39 batukrin xia konengo O dia frio e bom The cold day is good 40 tayopo nen yen bia xukuru Meu avo nao fala o xucuru My grandfather does not speak Xucuru 41 kare Pesqueira nen yen xennunpr xukuru munkunj kare xupegugo O povo de Pesqueira diz que o indio xucuru e preguicoso isto nao e verdade The people of Pesqueira say that the Xucuru Indian is lazy this is not true 42 kare xukego kraxixi xukuru Uruba xennunpr nan yogo Os brancos tomaram as terras dos indios da Serra Uruba e eles ficaram com raiva The whites took the lands of the Serra Uruba Indians and they were angry 43 kanbay zipotay Valha me Deus God help me References edit a b Xukuru at Ethnologue 25th ed 2022 nbsp a b c d e f g Lapenda Geraldo Calabria 1962 O dialecto Xucuru Doxa Revista Oficial do Departamento de Cultura do Diretorio Academico da Faculdade de Filosofia de Pernambuco da Universidade do Recife ano X n 10 p 11 23 a b Loukotka Cestmir 1968 Classification of South American Indian languages Los Angeles UCLA Latin American Center a b Pompeu Sobrinho Thomaz 1958 Linguas Tapuias desconhecidas do Nordeste Alguns vocabularios ineditos Boletim de Antropologia Fortaleza Ceara 2 3 19 Nimuendaju Kurt Revista do Instituto Arqueologico Historico e Geografico Pernambucano ns 155 158 Meader Robert E 1978 Indios do Nordeste Levantamento sobre os remanescentes tribais do nordeste brasileiro in Portuguese Brasilia SIL International Loukotka Cestmir 1949 Sur quelques langues inconnues de l Amerique du Sud Lingua Posnaniensis in French 1 53 82 Lapenda Geraldo Calabria 1962 O dialecto Xucuru Doxa Revista Oficial do Departamento de Cultura do Diretorio Academico da Faculdade de Filosofia de Pernambuco da Universidade do Recife ano X n 10 p 11 23 Biblioteca Digital Curt Nimuendaju External links editXukuru vocabulary Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Xukuru language amp oldid 1178158193, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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