XIII (Royal Württemberg) Corps
The XIII (Royal Württemberg) Army Corps / XIII AK (German: XIII. (Königlich Württembergisches) Armee-Korps) was a corps of the Imperial German Army. It was, effectively, also the army of the Kingdom of Württemberg, which had been integrated in 1871 into the Prussian Army command structure, as had the armies of most German states. The corps was originally established as the Württemberg Corps Command (Korpskommando) in 1817. It became the XIII Army Corps when it was integrated into the Prussian numbering system on December 18, 1871, shortly after the Franco-Prussian War.[1]
| XIII (Royal Württemberg) Army Corps XIII. (Königlich Württembergisches) Armee-Korps | |
|---|---|
Flag of the Staff of a Generalkommando (1871–1918) | |
| Active | 1817–1919 |
| Country | Württemberg / German Empire |
| Type | Corps |
| Size | Approximately 44,000 (on mobilisation in 1914) |
| Garrison/HQ | Stuttgart/Villa Bohnenberger, Olgastraße 11 |
| Patron | King of Württemberg |
| Shoulder strap piping | Red |
| Engagements | Austro-Prussian War |
| Insignia | |
| Abbreviation | XIII AK |
Austro-Prussian War edit
The corps saw action in the 1866 Austro-Prussian War, on the losing Austrian side, as the Royal Württemberg Division of the VIII German Federation Army Corps (VIII. deutschen Bundesarmeekorps). It was unable to stop a Prussian advance into north Württemberg at Tauberbischofsheim, but this battle was not important in the war.
Franco-Prussian War edit
In the Franco-Prussian War of 1870-71, the corps served under the headquarters staff of the Württemberg Field Division of the Combined Württemberg-Baden Army Corps. The Württemberg Field Division saw action in the battles of Wörth and Sedan, and in the Siege of Paris.
Peacetime organisation edit
The corps' two divisions were the 26th and 27th.
The 25 peacetime Corps of the German Army (Guards, I - XXI, I - III Bavarian) had a reasonably standardised organisation. Each consisted of two divisions with usually two infantry brigades, one field artillery brigade and a cavalry brigade each.[2] Each brigade normally consisted of two regiments of the appropriate type, so each Corps normally commanded 8 infantry, 4 field artillery and 4 cavalry regiments. There were exceptions to this rule:
- V, VI, VII, IX and XIV Corps each had a 5th infantry brigade (so 10 infantry regiments)
- II, XIII, XVIII and XXI Corps had a 9th infantry regiment
- I, VI and XVI Corps had a 3rd cavalry brigade (so 6 cavalry regiments)
- the Guards Corps had 11 infantry regiments (in 5 brigades) and 8 cavalry regiments (in 4 brigades).[3]
Each Corps also directly controlled a number of other units. This could include one or more
| Corps | Division | Brigade | Units | Garrison |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| XIII (Royal Württemberg) Corps | 26th Division | 51st Infantry Brigade | 119th (1st Württemberg) Grenadiers "Queen Olga" | Stuttgart |
| 125th (7th Württemberg) Infantry "Emperor Frederick, King of Prussia" | Stuttgart | |||
| 52nd Infantry Brigade | 121st (3rd Württemberg)(Old Württemberg) Infantry | Ludwigsburg | ||
| 122nd (4th Württemberg) Fusiliers "Emperor Francis Joseph of Austria, King of Hungary" | Heilbronn, II Bn at Mergentheim | |||
| 26th Field Artillery Brigade | 29th (2nd Württemberg) Field Artillery "Prince Regent Luitpold of Bavaria" | Ludwigsburg | ||
| 65th (4th Württemberg) Field Artillery | Ludwigsburg | |||
| 26th Cavalry Brigade | 25th (1st Württemberg) Dragoons "Queen Olga" | Ludwigsburg | ||
| 26th (2nd Württemberg) Dragoons "King" | Stuttgart-Cannstatt | |||
| 27th Division | 53rd Infantry Brigade | 123rd (5th Württemberg) Grenadiers "King Charles" | Ulm | |
| 124th (6th Württemberg) Infantry "King William I" | Weingarten | |||
| 54th Infantry Brigade | 120th (2nd Württemberg) Infantry "Emperor William, King of Prussia" | Ulm | ||
| 127th (9th Württemberg) Infantry | Ulm, Waiblingen | |||
| 180th (10th Württemberg) Infantry | Tübingen, II Bn at Schwäbisch Gmünd | |||
| 27th Field Artillery Brigade | 13th (1st Württemberg) Field Artillery "King Charles" | Ulm, Stuttgart-Cannstatt | ||
| 49th (3rd Württemberg) Field Artillery | Ulm | |||
| 27th Cavalry Brigade | 19th (1st Württemberg) Uhlans "King Charles" | Ulm, Wiblingen | ||
| 20th (2nd Württemberg) Uhlans "King William I" | Ludwigsburg | |||
| Corps Troops | 13th (Württemberg) Pioneer Battalion | Ulm | ||
| 13th (Württemberg) Train Battalion | Ludwigsburg | |||
| Stuttgart Defence Command (Landwehr-Inspektion) | Stuttgart |
In addition, the 126th (8th Württemberg) Infantry "Grand Duke Frederick of Baden" was stationed at Straßburg as part of XV Corps.
World War I edit
Organisation on mobilisation edit
On mobilization on August 2, 1914 the Corps was restructured. The 180th Infantry Regiment was assigned to the 26th Reserve Division in XIV Reserve Corps. The 26th Cavalry Brigade was withdrawn to form part of the 7th Cavalry Division[5] and the 27th Cavalry Brigade was broken up and its regiments assigned as reconnaissance units to the divisions. The two divisions received engineer companies and other support units from the Corps headquarters. In summary, XIII Corps mobilised with 24 infantry battalions, 8 machine gun companies (48 machine guns), 8 cavalry squadrons, 24 field artillery batteries (144 guns), 4 heavy artillery batteries (16 guns), 3 pioneer companies and an aviation detachment.
| Corps | Division | Brigade | Units |
|---|---|---|---|
| XIII (Royal Württemberg) Corps | 26th Division | 51st Infantry Brigade | 119th Grenadier Regiment |
| 125th Infantry Regiment | |||
| 52nd Infantry Brigade | 121st Infantry Regiment | ||
| 122nd Fusilier Regiment | |||
| 26th Field Artillery Brigade | 29th Field Artillery Regiment | ||
| 65th Field Artillery Regiment | |||
| 20th Uhlan Regiment | |||
| 1st Company, 13th Pioneer Battalion | |||
| 26th Divisional Pontoon Train | |||
| 1st Medical Company | |||
| 3rd Medical Company | |||
| 27th Division | 53rd Infantry Brigade | 123rd Grenadier Regiment | |
| 124th Infantry Regiment | |||
| 54th Infantry Brigade | 120th Infantry Regiment | ||
| 127th Infantry Regiment | |||
| 27th Field Artillery Brigade | 13th Field Artillery Regiment | ||
| 49th Field Artillery Regiment | |||
| 19th Uhlan Regiment | |||
| 2nd Company, 12th Pioneer Battalion | |||
| 3rd Company, 12th Pioneer Battalion | |||
| 27th Divisional Pontoon Train | |||
| 2nd Medical Company | |||
| Corps Troops | I Battalion, 13th Foot Artillery Regiment[7] | ||
| 4th Aviation Detachment | |||
| 13th Corps Pontoon Train | |||
| 13th Telephone Detachment | |||
| 13th Pioneer Searchlight Section | |||
| Munition Trains and Columns corresponding to II Corps |
Combat chronicle edit
On mobilization in 1914, the corps was subordinated to the 5th Army and saw action on the Western Front. It was transferred to the 6th Army during the Race to the Sea. In October 1914, the corps headquarters formed Corps Fabeck, which by the end of the month had become a provisional army group, commanding XV Corps, II Bavarian Corps and Corps Urach. In November, the XIII Army Corps was transferred from the 6th Army to the 9th Army on the Eastern Front. By 1916, the corps had returned to the Western Front and was subordinated to the 4th Army under Army Group Crown Prince Rupprecht. From April 1917 to March 1918, the corps commanded Group Caudry, another provisional command. In September 1918, it took over command of Group Ebene under Army Group Duke Albrecht of Württemberg, and commanded Group Ebene until war's end.[8]
It was still in existence at the end of the war[9] in Armee-Abteilung C, Heeresgruppe Gallwitz on the Western Front.[10]
Württemberg mountain battalion edit
In 1915, drafts from the Württemberg line regiments were used to form a Württemberg mountain battalion, which became a part of the Alpenkorps division in 1917. This was the unit in which the young Erwin Rommel distinguished himself on the Romanian and Italian fronts, winning the Pour le Mérite (Imperial German equivalent of the Victoria Cross) at the Battle of the Isonzo in 1917.
Commanders edit
The XIII Corps had the following commanders during its existence:[11][12][13]
| Dates | Rank | Name |
|---|---|---|
| up to 19 October 1871 | Frederick Francis II, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin | |
| 19 October 1871 | Generalleutnant | Wolf Louis Ferdinand von Stülpnagel |
| 24 December 1873 | General der Infanterie | Ferdinand Emil Karl von Schwartzkoppen |
| 26 January 1878 | General der Infanterie | Hans Ferdinand von Schachtmeyer |
| 15 May 1886 | General der Kavallerie | Gustav Hermann von Alvensleben |
| 26 October 1890 | Generalleutnant | Wilhelm von Woelckern |
| 22 March 1895 | General der Infanterie | Oskar von Lindequist |
| 25 March 1899 | Generalleutnant | Ludwig Freiherr von Falkenhausen |
| 22 March 1902 | General der Infanterie | Konrad von Hugo |
| 4 April 1907 | General der Infanterie | Joseph von Fallois |
| 25 February 1908 | General der Kavallerie | Albrecht, Duke of Württemberg |
| 1 March 1913 | General der Infanterie | Max von Fabeck |
| 9 March 1915 | General der Infanterie | Theodor Freiherr von Watter |
| 17 March 1918 | General der Infanterie | Hermann von Staabs[14] |
| 22 May 1918 | General der Infanterie | Theodor Freiherr von Watter |
See also edit
References edit
- ^ Wegner 1993, p. 73.
- ^ Haythornthwaite 1996, pp. 193–194
- ^ They formed the Guards Cavalry Division, the only peacetime cavalry division in the German Army.
- ^ War Office 1918, p. 252
- ^ Cron 2002, p. 300
- ^ Cron 2002, pp. 315
- ^ 4 heavy artillery batteries (16 heavy field howitzers)
- ^ XIII. (Königlich Württembergisches) Armeekorps (Chronik 1914/1918)
- ^ Cron 2002, pp. 88–89
- ^ Ellis & Cox 1993, pp. 186–187
- ^ German Administrative History Accessed: 19 May 2012
- ^ German War History Accessed: 19 May 2012
- ^ The Prussian Machine April 11, 2012, at the Wayback Machine Accessed: 19 May 2012
- ^ Temporary commander, then returned to command XXXIX Reserve Corps. . The Prussian Machine. Archived from the original on July 29, 2014. Retrieved 23 December 2012.
Bibliography edit
- Claus von Bredow, bearb., Historische Rang- und Stammliste des deutschen Heeres (1905)
- Rommel, E. Infanterie Greift An, Voggenreiter, Potsdam 1937
- Cron, Hermann (2002). Imperial German Army 1914-18: Organisation, Structure, Orders-of-Battle [first published: 1937]. Helion & Co. ISBN 1-874622-70-1.
- Ellis, John; Cox, Michael (1993). The World War I Databook. Aurum Press Ltd. ISBN 1-85410-766-6.
- Haythornthwaite, Philip J. (1996). The World War One Source Book. Arms and Armour. ISBN 1-85409-351-7.
- Wegner, Günter (1993). Stellenbesetzung der deustchen Heere 1815-1939. Vol. 1. Osnabrück: Biblio Verlag.
- Histories of Two Hundred and Fifty-One Divisions of the German Army which Participated in the War (1914-1918), compiled from records of Intelligence section of the General Staff, American Expeditionary Forces, at General Headquarters, Chaumont, France 1919. The London Stamp Exchange Ltd (1989). 1920. ISBN 0-948130-87-3.
- The German Forces in the Field; 7th Revision, 11th November 1918; Compiled by the General Staff, War Office. Imperial War Museum, London and The Battery Press, Inc (1995). 1918. ISBN 1-870423-95-X.