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IX Corps (German Empire)

November 26, 2023

For the equivalent formation in World War II, see IX Army Corps (Wehrmacht).

The IX Army Corps / IX AK (German: IX. Armee-Korps) was a corps level command of the Prussian and German Armies before and during World War I.

IX Army Corps
IX. Armee-Korps
Flag of the Staff of a Generalkommando (1871–1918)
Active30 October 1866 (1866-10-30)–1919 (1919)
Country Prussia /  German Empire
TypeCorps
SizeApproximately 44,000 (on mobilisation in 1914)
Garrison/HQAltona/Palmaille-Straße 67
Shoulder strap pipingWhite
EngagementsFranco-Prussian War
Battle of Gravelotte
Second Battle of Orléans (1870)
Battle of Le Mans

World War I

Battle of the Frontiers
Battle of Mons
First Battle of the Marne
Battle of Pozières
Battle of Amiens (1918)
Insignia
AbbreviationIX AK

IX Corps was one of three formed in the aftermath of the Austro-Prussian War (the others being X Corps and XI Corps). The Corps was formed in October 1866 with headquarters in Altona. The catchment area included the newly annexed Province of Schleswig-Holstein, the Grand Duchies of Mecklenburg-Schwerin and Mecklenburg-Strelitz and the Hanseatic cities of Lübeck, Hamburg and Bremen.[1]

During the Franco-Prussian War it was assigned to the 2nd Army.

The Corps was assigned to the III Army Inspectorate but joined the 1st Army at the start of the First World War.[2] It was still in existence at the end of the war.[3] The Corps was disbanded with the demobilisation of the German Army after World War I.

Franco-Prussian War edit

During the Franco-Prussian War, the corps formed part of the 2nd Army. The 17th Division was initially part of the reserve of the Prussian Army, so the 18th Division was joined by the Grand Ducal Hessian (25th) Division. The Corps participated in the battles of Gravelotte, Orléans and Le Mans.

Flags of the Line Infantry regiments edit

Due to the large number of Line Infantry regiments then in existence, on 18 December 1890, Kaiser Wilhelm II ordered that the flag colours were to be the same as that of the uniform epaulettes. This was to ensure that each corps attained uniformity. IX and X Corps wore white epaulettes. Notwithstanding this, the flags of the Jäger Battalions would be green.[4]

 
Flag of the Line Infantry regiments of the IX and X Corps (except Jägers)
 
Flag of the Jägers Battalion

Peacetime organisation edit

The 25 peacetime Corps of the German Army (Guards, I - XXI, I - III Bavarian) had a reasonably standardised organisation. Each consisted of two divisions with usually two infantry brigades, one field artillery brigade and a cavalry brigade each.[5] Each brigade normally consisted of two regiments of the appropriate type, so each Corps normally commanded 8 infantry, 4 field artillery and 4 cavalry regiments. There were exceptions to this rule:

V, VI, VII, IX and XIV Corps each had a 5th infantry brigade (so 10 infantry regiments)
II, XIII, XVIII and XXI Corps had a 9th infantry regiment
I, VI and XVI Corps had a 3rd cavalry brigade (so 6 cavalry regiments)
the Guards Corps had 11 infantry regiments (in 5 brigades) and 8 cavalry regiments (in 4 brigades).[6]

Each Corps also directly controlled a number of other units. This could include one or more

Foot Artillery Regiment
Jäger Battalion
Pioneer Battalion
Train Battalion

World War I edit

Organisation on mobilisation edit

On mobilization on 2 August 1914 the Corps was restructured. 17th and 18th Cavalry Brigades were withdrawn to form part of the 4th Cavalry Division.[8] The 16th Dragoons, formerly of the X Corps, was raised to a strength of 6 squadrons before being split into two half-regiments of 3 squadrons each. The half-regiments were assigned as divisional cavalry to 17th and 18th Divisions. 81st Infantry Brigade was transferred to 17th Reserve Division in IX Reserve Corps. Divisions received engineer companies and other support units from the Corps headquarters. In summary, IX Corps mobilised with 25 infantry battalions, 9 machine gun companies (54 machine guns), 6 cavalry squadrons, 24 field artillery batteries (144 guns), 4 heavy artillery batteries (16 guns), 3 pioneer companies and an aviation detachment.

Combat chronicle edit

On mobilisation, IX Corps was assigned to the 1st Army on the right wing of the forces for the Schlieffen Plan offensive in August 1914 on the Western Front. It participated in the Battle of Mons and the First Battle of the Marne which marked the end of the German advances in 1914. Later it saw action in the Battle of Pozières and Battle of Amiens (1918).

It was still in existence at the end of the war.[12]

Commanders edit

The IX Corps had the following commanders during its existence:[13][14][15]

From Rank Name
30 October 1866 General der Infanterie Edwin Freiherr von Manteuffel
26 January 1867 General der Infanterie Albrecht Gustav von Manstein
23 September 1873 General der Infanterie Hermann von Tresckow
2 August 1888 General der Infanterie Paul von Leszczynski
2 February 1891 General der Kavallerie Alfred Graf von Waldersee
5 April 1898 General der Kavallerie Robert von Massow
29 October 1903 Generalleutnant Friedrich von Bock und Polach
21 May 1907 General der Kavallerie Hermann Freiherr von Vietinghoff genannt Scheel
12 April 1910 General der Infanterie Karl Freiherr von Plettenberg
1 March 1913 General der Infanterie Ferdinand von Quast
24 January 1917 Generalleutnant Horst Ritter und Edler von Oetinger

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ German Administrative History 13 May 2011 at the Wayback Machine Accessed: 22 May 2012
  2. ^ Cron 2002, pp. 303
  3. ^ Cron 2002, pp. 88–89
  4. ^ Lezius, Martin (1935). Fahnen und Standarten der alten preußischen Armee (in German). Stuttgart: Frankh'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung.
  5. ^ Haythornthwaite 1996, pp. 193–194
  6. ^ They formed the Guards Cavalry Division, the only peacetime cavalry division in the German Army.
  7. ^ War Office 1918, p. 248
  8. ^ Cron 2002, p. 300
  9. ^ Cron 2002, pp. 303–304
  10. ^ With a machine gun company.
  11. ^ 4 heavy artillery batteries (16 heavy field howitzers)
  12. ^ Cron 2002, pp. 88–89
  13. ^ German Administrative History 13 May 2011 at the Wayback Machine Accessed: 22 May 2012
  14. ^ German War History Accessed: 22 May 2012
  15. ^ The Prussian Machine Accessed: 22 May 2012

Bibliography edit

  • Cron, Hermann (2002). Imperial German Army 1914-18: Organisation, Structure, Orders-of-Battle [first published: 1937]. Helion & Co. ISBN 1-874622-70-1.
  • Ellis, John; Cox, Michael (1993). The World War I Databook. Aurum Press Ltd. ISBN 1-85410-766-6.
  • Haythornthwaite, Philip J. (1996). The World War One Source Book. Arms and Armour. ISBN 1-85409-351-7.
  • Histories of Two Hundred and Fifty-One Divisions of the German Army which Participated in the War (1914-1918), compiled from records of Intelligence section of the General Staff, American Expeditionary Forces, at General Headquarters, Chaumont, France 1919. The London Stamp Exchange Ltd (1989). 1920. ISBN 0-948130-87-3.
  • The German Forces in the Field; 7th Revision, 11th November 1918; Compiled by the General Staff, War Office. Imperial War Museum, London and The Battery Press, Inc (1995). 1918. ISBN 1-870423-95-X.

November 26, 2023
corps, german, empire, equivalent, formation, world, army, corps, wehrmacht, army, corps, german, armee, korps, corps, level, command, prussian, german, armies, before, during, world, army, corpsix, armee, korpsflag, staff, generalkommando, 1871, 1918, active3. For the equivalent formation in World War II see IX Army Corps Wehrmacht The IX Army Corps IX AK German IX Armee Korps was a corps level command of the Prussian and German Armies before and during World War I IX Army CorpsIX Armee KorpsFlag of the Staff of a Generalkommando 1871 1918 Active30 October 1866 1866 10 30 1919 1919 Country Prussia German EmpireTypeCorpsSizeApproximately 44 000 on mobilisation in 1914 Garrison HQAltona Palmaille Strasse 67Shoulder strap pipingWhiteEngagementsFranco Prussian War Battle of Gravelotte Second Battle of Orleans 1870 Battle of Le MansWorld War I Battle of the Frontiers Battle of Mons First Battle of the Marne Battle of Pozieres Battle of Amiens 1918 InsigniaAbbreviationIX AK IX Corps was one of three formed in the aftermath of the Austro Prussian War the others being X Corps and XI Corps The Corps was formed in October 1866 with headquarters in Altona The catchment area included the newly annexed Province of Schleswig Holstein the Grand Duchies of Mecklenburg Schwerin and Mecklenburg Strelitz and the Hanseatic cities of Lubeck Hamburg and Bremen 1 During the Franco Prussian War it was assigned to the 2nd Army The Corps was assigned to the III Army Inspectorate but joined the 1st Army at the start of the First World War 2 It was still in existence at the end of the war 3 The Corps was disbanded with the demobilisation of the German Army after World War I Contents 1 Franco Prussian War 2 Flags of the Line Infantry regiments 3 Peacetime organisation 4 World War I 4 1 Organisation on mobilisation 4 2 Combat chronicle 5 Commanders 6 See also 7 References 8 BibliographyFranco Prussian War editDuring the Franco Prussian War the corps formed part of the 2nd Army The 17th Division was initially part of the reserve of the Prussian Army so the 18th Division was joined by the Grand Ducal Hessian 25th Division The Corps participated in the battles of Gravelotte Orleans and Le Mans Flags of the Line Infantry regiments editDue to the large number of Line Infantry regiments then in existence on 18 December 1890 Kaiser Wilhelm II ordered that the flag colours were to be the same as that of the uniform epaulettes This was to ensure that each corps attained uniformity IX and X Corps wore white epaulettes Notwithstanding this the flags of the Jager Battalions would be green 4 nbsp Flag of the Line Infantry regiments of the IX and X Corps except Jagers nbsp Flag of the Jagers BattalionPeacetime organisation editThe 25 peacetime Corps of the German Army Guards I XXI I III Bavarian had a reasonably standardised organisation Each consisted of two divisions with usually two infantry brigades one field artillery brigade and a cavalry brigade each 5 Each brigade normally consisted of two regiments of the appropriate type so each Corps normally commanded 8 infantry 4 field artillery and 4 cavalry regiments There were exceptions to this rule V VI VII IX and XIV Corps each had a 5th infantry brigade so 10 infantry regiments II XIII XVIII and XXI Corps had a 9th infantry regiment I VI and XVI Corps had a 3rd cavalry brigade so 6 cavalry regiments the Guards Corps had 11 infantry regiments in 5 brigades and 8 cavalry regiments in 4 brigades 6 Each Corps also directly controlled a number of other units This could include one or more Foot Artillery Regiment Jager Battalion Pioneer Battalion Train BattalionPeacetime organization of the Corps 7 Corps Division Brigade Units GarrisonIX Corps 17th Division 33rd Infantry Brigade 75th 1st Hanseatic Bremen Infantry Bremen III Bn at Stade76th 2nd Hanseatic Hamburg Infantry Hamburg34th Infantry Brigade 89th Grand Ducal Mecklenburgian Grenadiers Schwerin II Bn at Neustrelitz90th Grand Ducal Mecklenburgian Fusiliers Emperor William Rostock II Bn at Wismar81st Infantry Brigade 162nd 3rd Hanseatic Lubeck Infantry Lubeck II Bn at Eutin163rd Schleswig Holstein Infantry Neumunster III Bn at Heide17th Field Artillery Brigade 24th Holstein Field Artillery Gustrow Neustrelitz60th Grand Ducal Mecklenburgian Field Artillery Schwerin17th Cavalry Brigade 17th 1st Grand Ducal Mecklenburgian Dragoons Ludwigslust18th 2nd Grand Ducal Mecklenburgian Dragoons Parchim18th Division 35th Infantry Brigade 84th Schleswig Infantry von Manstein Schleswig Hadersleben86th Schleswig Holstein Fusiliers Queen Flensburg III Bn at Sonderburg36th Infantry Brigade 31st 1st Thuringian Infantry Count Bose Altona85th Holstein Infantry Duke of Holstein Rendsburg III Bn at Kiel18th Field Artillery Brigade 9th Schleswig Field Artillery General Field Marshal Graf Waldersee Itzehoe45th Lauenburg Field Artillery Altona Rendsburg18th Cavalry Brigade 15th Hannover Hussars Queen Wilhelmina of the Netherlands Wandsbek16th Schleswig Holstein Hussars Emperor Francis Joseph of Austria King of Hungary SchleswigCorps Troops 9th Lauenburg Jager Battalion Ratzeburg20th Lauenburg Foot Artillery Altona9th Schleswig Holstein Pioneer Battalion Harburg9th Schleswig Holstein Train Battalion RendsburgAltona Defence Command Landwehr Inspektion AltonaWorld War I editOrganisation on mobilisation edit On mobilization on 2 August 1914 the Corps was restructured 17th and 18th Cavalry Brigades were withdrawn to form part of the 4th Cavalry Division 8 The 16th Dragoons formerly of the X Corps was raised to a strength of 6 squadrons before being split into two half regiments of 3 squadrons each The half regiments were assigned as divisional cavalry to 17th and 18th Divisions 81st Infantry Brigade was transferred to 17th Reserve Division in IX Reserve Corps Divisions received engineer companies and other support units from the Corps headquarters In summary IX Corps mobilised with 25 infantry battalions 9 machine gun companies 54 machine guns 6 cavalry squadrons 24 field artillery batteries 144 guns 4 heavy artillery batteries 16 guns 3 pioneer companies and an aviation detachment Initial wartime organization of the Corps 9 Corps Division Brigade UnitsIX Corps 17th Division 33rd Infantry Brigade 75th Infantry Regiment76th Infantry Regiment34th Infantry Brigade 89th Grenadier Regiment90th Fusilier Regiment9th Jager Battalion 10 17th Field Artillery Brigade 24th Field Artillery Regiment60th Field Artillery Regimentstaff and half of 16th Dragoon Regiment1st Company 9th Pioneer Battalion17th Divisional Pontoon Train1st Medical Company3rd Medical Company18th Division 35th Infantry Brigade 84th Infantry Regiment86th Fusilier Regiment36th Infantry Brigade 31st Infantry Regiment85th Infantry Regiment18th Field Artillery Brigade 9th Field Artillery Regiment45th Field Artillery Regimenthalf of 16th Dragoon Regiment2nd Company 9th Pioneer Battalion3rd Company 9th Pioneer Battalion18th Divisional Pontoon Train2nd Medical CompanyCorps Troops I Battalion 20th Foot Artillery Regiment 11 11th Aviation Detachment9th Corps Pontoon Train9th Telephone Detachment9th Pioneer Searchlight SectionMunition Trains and Columns corresponding to II CorpsCombat chronicle edit On mobilisation IX Corps was assigned to the 1st Army on the right wing of the forces for the Schlieffen Plan offensive in August 1914 on the Western Front It participated in the Battle of Mons and the First Battle of the Marne which marked the end of the German advances in 1914 Later it saw action in the Battle of Pozieres and Battle of Amiens 1918 It was still in existence at the end of the war 12 Commanders editThe IX Corps had the following commanders during its existence 13 14 15 From Rank Name30 October 1866 General der Infanterie Edwin Freiherr von Manteuffel26 January 1867 General der Infanterie Albrecht Gustav von Manstein23 September 1873 General der Infanterie Hermann von Tresckow2 August 1888 General der Infanterie Paul von Leszczynski2 February 1891 General der Kavallerie Alfred Graf von Waldersee5 April 1898 General der Kavallerie Robert von Massow29 October 1903 Generalleutnant Friedrich von Bock und Polach21 May 1907 General der Kavallerie Hermann Freiherr von Vietinghoff genannt Scheel12 April 1910 General der Infanterie Karl Freiherr von Plettenberg1 March 1913 General der Infanterie Ferdinand von Quast24 January 1917 Generalleutnant Horst Ritter und Edler von OetingerSee also edit nbsp Germany portal nbsp World War I portalFranco Prussian War order of battle German Army order of battle 1914 List of Imperial German infantry regiments List of Imperial German artillery regiments List of Imperial German cavalry regiments Order of battle at Mons Order of battle of the First Battle of the MarneReferences edit German Administrative History Archived 13 May 2011 at the Wayback Machine Accessed 22 May 2012 Cron 2002 pp 303 Cron 2002 pp 88 89 Lezius Martin 1935 Fahnen und Standarten der alten preussischen Armee in German Stuttgart Frankh sche Verlagsbuchhandlung Haythornthwaite 1996 pp 193 194 They formed the Guards Cavalry Division the only peacetime cavalry division in the German Army War Office 1918 p 248 Cron 2002 p 300 Cron 2002 pp 303 304 With a machine gun company 4 heavy artillery batteries 16 heavy field howitzers Cron 2002 pp 88 89 German Administrative History Archived 13 May 2011 at the Wayback Machine Accessed 22 May 2012 German War History Accessed 22 May 2012 The Prussian Machine Accessed 22 May 2012Bibliography editCron Hermann 2002 Imperial German Army 1914 18 Organisation Structure Orders of Battle first published 1937 Helion amp Co ISBN 1 874622 70 1 Ellis John Cox Michael 1993 The World War I Databook Aurum Press Ltd ISBN 1 85410 766 6 Haythornthwaite Philip J 1996 The World War One Source Book Arms and Armour ISBN 1 85409 351 7 Histories of Two Hundred and Fifty One Divisions of the German Army which Participated in the War 1914 1918 compiled from records of Intelligence section of the General Staff American Expeditionary Forces at General Headquarters Chaumont France 1919 The London Stamp Exchange Ltd 1989 1920 ISBN 0 948130 87 3 The German Forces in the Field 7th Revision 11th November 1918 Compiled by the General Staff War Office Imperial War Museum London and The Battery Press Inc 1995 1918 ISBN 1 870423 95 X Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title IX Corps German Empire amp oldid 1182679819, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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