Women in Turkey have an active participation in national politics, and the number of women in the Turkish parliament has been increasing steadily in recent elections.
Woman Taking Floor at the Old Grand National Assembly in 1936 painted by a female artist Melek Celal Sofu (1896 - 1976)
Women have had the right to vote in Turkey since 1934.
Hatı Çırpan, one of the first women in the Parliament of Turkey, 1935.
The Republic of Turkey was founded on the ashes of the Ottoman Empire on 29 October 1923. Although the political influence of some Valide Sultans (queen mothers) over the Ottoman Sultans was considerable, especially during the era known as the Sultanate of Women, women had no chance to serve in any official political post in the Ottoman era.
One notable female political activist in the first days of the Republican era was Nezihe Muhiddin, who founded the first women's party in Turkey in June 1923; however, it was never legalized because the Republic was not officially declared yet. Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, the founder of the Republic initiated a series of reforms to modernize the country, including civil and political equality for women for the first time. On 17 February 1926, Turkey adopted a new civil code by which the rights of Turkish women and men were declared equal except in suffrage.[1] Turkish women achieved voting rights in local elections by Act no. 1580 on 3 April 1930.[2] Four years later, through legislation enacted on 5 December 1934, they gained full universal suffrage, earlier than many other countries.[2]
Tansu Çiller, a Turkish career professor of economics since 1983, entered politics in November 1990, joining the conservative True Path Party (DYP). On June 13, 1993, she was elected the party's leader, and on 25 June the same year, Çiller was appointed the Prime Minister of a coalition government, becoming Turkey's first and only female prime minister to date. She served at this post until 6 March 1996 in the 50th, 51st and the 52nd government of Turkey.
According to the Turkish constitution, each party with over twenty seats forms a parliamentary group and each group is represented by 1–3 group vice chairpersons (Turkish: grup başkanvekili) who are authorized to represent, in general terms, the relevant party in the parliament both in relation to the parliament administration and in relations with other party groups, as well as presiding the parliamentary group in the absence of the party president. The first female group vice chairperson in Turkish parliament was Oya Araslı of the Republican People's Party between 1996 and 1999.[13] Later, there were two parliamentary group chairwomen in parliament: Emine Ülker Tarhan of the Republican People's Party and Pervin Buldan of the Peace and Democracy Party.[14]
The first female MPs of the Turkish Parliament, elected with the 8 February 1935 general elections.
1935–1999 elections
Following the promising 1935 start, however, the number of women in the parliament began to decrease.[15] Especially in the 1950 and 1961 elections, only 3 women were able to enter the parliament, and since history has been given women the right to vote and be elected, it has been the least women entered into parliament.
Since 1995, the number of women in the parliament has been continually on the rise. The 1935 percentage of women, the first year that women were able to be elected to parliament, was surpassed no earlier than in 1999.[16] However, the female representation rate did not fall below 10 percent after the 2011 elections.[17]
Turkey's first female governor was Lale Aytaman. Aytaman, who served as the governor of Muğla between 1991-1995, was appointed to this position by President Turgut Özal. Meanwhile, Turkey's first female district governor is Özlem Bozkurt Gevrek. She served in the Orta district of Çankırı in 1995. After these years, the number of female governors and district governors increased rapidly.[23]
^"82nci Birleşim" (PDF). Cumhuriyet Senatosu Tutanak Dergisi (in Turkish). TBMM. 13. 23 Oct 1979. Retrieved 2013-02-02.
^"Mesleklerine Göre İlk Türk Kadınları | KPSS Güncel Bilgiler". www.kpssguncelbilgi.com.
^"Türkiye'nin ilk kadın muhtarı/Tarih/milliyet blog". blog.milliyet.com.tr. Retrieved Apr 30, 2020.
February 01, 2023
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Women in Turkey have an active participation in national politics and the number of women in the Turkish parliament has been increasing steadily in recent elections Woman Taking Floor at the Old Grand National Assembly in 1936 painted by a female artist Melek Celal Sofu 1896 1976 Women have had the right to vote in Turkey since 1934 Contents 1 Background 2 President 3 Speaker of Parliament 4 Vice president 5 Prime Minister 1920 2018 6 Government ministers 7 Deputy Speakers of the Parliament 8 Party leaders 8 1 Women s parties 9 Parliamentary Group Vice Chairwoman 10 Members of Parliament 10 1 1935 1999 elections 10 2 2002 present elections 10 3 Members of the Senate 1961 1980 11 Governor 12 Local governments 13 See also 14 ReferencesBackground Edit Hati Cirpan one of the first women in the Parliament of Turkey 1935 The Republic of Turkey was founded on the ashes of the Ottoman Empire on 29 October 1923 Although the political influence of some Valide Sultans queen mothers over the Ottoman Sultans was considerable especially during the era known as the Sultanate of Women women had no chance to serve in any official political post in the Ottoman era One notable female political activist in the first days of the Republican era was Nezihe Muhiddin who founded the first women s party in Turkey in June 1923 however it was never legalized because the Republic was not officially declared yet Mustafa Kemal Ataturk the founder of the Republic initiated a series of reforms to modernize the country including civil and political equality for women for the first time On 17 February 1926 Turkey adopted a new civil code by which the rights of Turkish women and men were declared equal except in suffrage 1 Turkish women achieved voting rights in local elections by Act no 1580 on 3 April 1930 2 Four years later through legislation enacted on 5 December 1934 they gained full universal suffrage earlier than many other countries 2 President EditSee also List of presidents of Turkey There have been no female president to date Speaker of Parliament EditUp to the present there have been no female Speakers of Grand National Assembly in Turkey Vice president EditThe post of vice President was established in 2018 and there have been no female Vice Presidents in Turkey Prime Minister 1920 2018 EditSee also List of prime ministers of Turkey Tansu Ciller a Turkish career professor of economics since 1983 entered politics in November 1990 joining the conservative True Path Party DYP On June 13 1993 she was elected the party s leader and on 25 June the same year Ciller was appointed the Prime Minister of a coalition government becoming Turkey s first and only female prime minister to date She served at this post until 6 March 1996 in the 50th 51st and the 52nd government of Turkey Portrait Prime Minister Took office Left office Time in office Government President22 Tansu Ciller 1946 25 June 1993 5 October 1995 2 year 256 day I Ciller 50th government Suleyman Demirel5 October 1995 30 October 1995 II Ciller 51st government 30 October 1995 6 March 1996 III Ciller 52nd government Prime Minister office was abolished in Turkey in 2018 Government ministers Edit Turkey s first female Minister of the Interior Meral Aksener Turkey s first female Minister of National Education Nimet Bas Turkey s first female Minister of Family Labour and Social Services Fatma Sahin Turkey s first female Minister of European Union Affairs Beril Dedeoglu Turkey s first female Minister of Trade Ruhsar Pekcan The first female Turkish government minister was Turkan Akyol in 1971 She was the Minister of Health in Nihat Erim s technocratic government 33rd government of Turkey 3 4 In 1983 she was one of the founders of SODEP short for Social Democracy Party a new party which went on to become one of the major political parties of Turkey in 1980s Female government ministers up to the present are as follows Name Ministry PartyTurkan Akyol 1928 2017 Minister of Health and Social Security 1971 3 Minister of State Family 1992 1993 IndependentSHPNermin Neftci 1924 2003 Minister of Culture 1974 1975 4 CGPImren Aykut born 1940 Minister of Labour and Social Security 1987 1991 Minister of State 1991 and 1996 Minister of Environment 1997 1999 5 ANAPGuler Ileri born 1948 Minister of State 1991 1993 4 SHPAysel Baykal 1939 2003 Minister of State 1995 1995 6 CHPOnay Alpago born 1947 Minister of State 1994 1995 4 SHPIsilay Saygin 1947 2019 Minister of State 1995 1996 Minister of Environment 1996 Minister of Tourism 1996 4 DYPAyfer Yilmaz born 1956 Minister of State 1996 1997 4 DYPTansu Ciller born 1946 Minister of Foreign Affairs 1996 1997 4 DYPMeral Aksener born 1956 Minister of Interior 1996 1997 4 DYPTayyibe Gulek born 1968 Minister of State 1999 2002 4 DSPMelda Bayer born 1950 Minister of State 1999 2002 4 DSPAysel Celikel born 1933 Minister of Justice 2002 4 7 IndependentGuldal Aksit born 1960 Minister of Tourism 2002 2003 Minister of State 2003 2007 4 AKPNimet Bas born 1965 Minister of State 2003 2007 Minister of National Education 2009 2011 4 AKPSelma Aliye Kavaf born 1962 Minister of State Turkey 2009 2011 4 AKPFatma Sahin born 1966 Minister of Family and Social Policies 2011 2013 8 AKPAysenur Islam born 1958 Minister of Family and Social Policies 2013 2015 AKPAysen Gurcan born 1963 Minister of Family and Social Policies 2015 IndependentBeril Dedeoglu 1961 2019 Minister of European Union 2015 IndependentFatma Betul Sayan Kaya born 1981 Minister of Family and Social Policy 2016 2018 AKPJulide Sarieroglu born 1979 Minister of Labour and Social Security 2017 2018 AKPZehra Zumrut Selcuk born 1979 Minister of Family Labour and Social Services 2018 2021 AKP non MP Ruhsar Pekcan born 1958 Minister of Trade 2018 2021 AKP non MP Derya Yanik born 1972 Minister of Family and Social Services 2021 present AKP non MP Distribution of female ministers by party in long term AKP 35 72 Independent 25 DYP 10 71 SHP 10 71 ANAP 7 14 DSP 7 14 CHP 3 58 Deputy Speakers of the Parliament Edit Ayse Nur Bahcekapili Deputy Speaker of the Parliament of Turkey Although no woman council president has served in the Grand National Assembly of Turkey until today several politicians have served as the Deputy Speaker of the Parliament at different times In 1972 the first female deputy president of the Republic of Turkey CGP parliamentary deputy has been Nermin Neftci Some of the other female deputy speakers were Meral Aksener MHP Guldal Mumcu CHP and finally Ayse Nur Bahcekapili AK Party for a long time 9 10 11 Party leaders Edit Emine Ulker Tarhan former judge and leader of Anatolia Party The first female Turkish party leader was Behice Boran 1910 1987 A member of the Workers Party of Turkey TIP she was elected as the chairman of the party in 1970 and continued in this post until all the political parties were closed following the September 11 1980 military coup 12 Other female party leaders were Mubeccel Goktuna 1915 1999 National Women s Party of Turkey TUKP 1972 1981 Rahsan Ecevit 1923 2020 Democratic Left Party DSP 1985 1987 Democratic Left People s Party DSHP 2010 Tansu Ciller born 1946 True Path Party DYP 1993 2002 Prime Minister from 1993 to 1996 Nesrin Nas born 1958 Motherland Party ANAP 2003 2004 Filiz Kocali born 1958 Socialist Democracy Party 2004 2009 Gultan Kisanak born 1961 Peace and Democracy Party BDP 2011 2014 Sebahat Tuncel born 1975 Peoples Democratic Party HDP 2013 2014 Figen Yuksekdag born 1971 Peoples Democratic Party Turkey 2014 2017 co chair Emine Ulker Tarhan born 1963 Anatolia Party 2014 2015 As of 2014 she is the founder and leader of the party Fatma Benal Yazgan born 1947 Women s Party Turkey 2014 present Meral Aksener born 1956 Good Party 2017 present co founder and leader Serpil Kemalbay Peoples Democratic Party 2017 2018 co chair Pervin Buldan born 1967 Peoples Democratic Party 2018 present co chairWomen s parties Edit Two parties were founded by women National Women s Party of Turkey in 1972 up to 1980 and Women s Party Turkey in 2014Parliamentary Group Vice Chairwoman EditAccording to the Turkish constitution each party with over twenty seats forms a parliamentary group and each group is represented by 1 3 group vice chairpersons Turkish grup baskanvekili who are authorized to represent in general terms the relevant party in the parliament both in relation to the parliament administration and in relations with other party groups as well as presiding the parliamentary group in the absence of the party president The first female group vice chairperson in Turkish parliament was Oya Arasli of the Republican People s Party between 1996 and 1999 13 Later there were two parliamentary group chairwomen in parliament Emine Ulker Tarhan of the Republican People s Party and Pervin Buldan of the Peace and Democracy Party 14 Members of Parliament Edit The first female MPs Republic of Turkey 1935 Top row left to right Mebrure Gonenc Afyon Hati Cirpan Ankara Turkan Ors Bastug Antalya Sabiha Gokcul Erbay Balikesir Sekibe Insel Bursa Hatice Ozgener Cankiri Middle row left to right Huriye Baha Oniz Diyarbakir Fatma Sakir Memik Edirne Nakiye Elgun Erzurum Fakihe Oymen Ankara Benal Nevzat Istar Ariman Izmir Ferruh Gupgup Kayseri Bottom row left to right Bahire Bedis Morova Aydilek Konya Mihri Pektas Malatya Meliha Ulas Samsun Fatma Esma Nayman Seyhan Hatice Sabiha Gorkey Sivas Seniha Nafiz Hizal Trabzon Ankara deputy Hati Cirpan at the rostrum of the Parliament of Turkey 1935 The first female MPs of the Turkish Parliament elected with the 8 February 1935 general elections 1935 1999 elections Edit Following the promising 1935 start however the number of women in the parliament began to decrease 15 Especially in the 1950 and 1961 elections only 3 women were able to enter the parliament and since history has been given women the right to vote and be elected it has been the least women entered into parliament Election year Ratio of Women MP Number of Women MP Total Number of Deputies1935 4 6 18 3951939 3 7 15 4291943 3 7 16 4351946 1 9 9 4651950 0 6 3 4871954 0 7 4 5411957 1 3 8 6101961 0 7 3 4501965 1 8 8 4501969 1 1 5 4501973 1 3 6 4501977 0 9 4 4501983 3 0 12 3991987 1 3 6 4501991 1 8 8 4501995 2 4 13 5501999 4 2 22 5502002 present elections Edit Since 1995 the number of women in the parliament has been continually on the rise The 1935 percentage of women the first year that women were able to be elected to parliament was surpassed no earlier than in 1999 16 However the female representation rate did not fall below 10 percent after the 2011 elections 17 Election year Ratio of Women MP Number of Women MP Total Number of Deputies2002 4 4 24 5502007 9 1 50 5502011 14 3 79 5502015June 17 6 97 5502015November 14 7 81 5502018 17 1 103 600Members of the Senate 1961 1980 Edit The Grand National Assembly of Turkey had a Senate upper house between 1961 and 1980 The following women were elected as the senators Mebrure Aksoley 1902 1984 Republican People s Party CHP 1964 1973 18 Fatma Hikmet Ismen 1918 2006 Workers Party of Turkey TIP 1966 1975 19 Bahriye Ucok 1919 1990 State President s contingency 1971 1976 20 The only assassinated female politician Nermin Abadan Unat born 1921 State President s contingency 1978 1980 21 Aysel Baykal 1939 2003 Republican People s Party CHP 1979 1980 22 Governor Edit Lale Aytaman is first female Governor of Turkey 1991 Turkey s first female governor was Lale Aytaman Aytaman who served as the governor of Mugla between 1991 1995 was appointed to this position by President Turgut Ozal Meanwhile Turkey s first female district governor is Ozlem Bozkurt Gevrek She served in the Orta district of Cankiri in 1995 After these years the number of female governors and district governors increased rapidly 23 Local governments EditThe first female muhtar village head in Turkey was Gulkiz Urbul who became the muhtar of Demircidere village now Karpuzlu in the Cine district of Aydin Province in 1933 In the elections she ran against seven male candidates 24 The first female city mayor was Mufide Ilhan who was elected as the mayor of Mersin in 1950 See also EditPolitics of Turkey Turkish order of precedence Women in Turkey Timeline of first women s suffrage in majority Muslim countriesReferences Edit Sina Aksin Kisa Turkiye Tarihi Turkiye Is bankasi Kultur yayinlari Istanbul 2011 ISBN 978 9944 88 172 2 p 188 a b Turkiye nin 75 yili Tempo Yayincilik Istanbul 1998 p 48 59 250 a b Turkiye nin 75 yili Hurguc Gazetecilik Istanbul 1998 a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Erkek egemen Turkiye Hurriyet in Turkish 2010 12 11 Retrieved 2013 02 02 Babacan Nuray 2012 02 06 Eski Calisma Bakani ni bile yesil kart testi ne cagirdilar Hurriyet in Turkish Retrieved 2013 02 02 I Ciller Hukumeti Bakanlar Kurulu 25 06 1993 05 10 1995 in Turkish TBMM Retrieved 2013 02 02 Celikel F tipine insani cozum Hurriyet in Turkish Retrieved 2013 02 02 Turkiye Buyuk Millet Meclisi 23 Donem Milletvekili Fatma Sahin in Turkish TBMM Retrieved 2013 02 02 Ilk kadin TBMM baskanvekili vefat etti www hurriyet com tr Retrieved Apr 30 2020 Parliament page Meral Aksener in Turkish Parliament page Sukran Guldal Mumcu in Turkish T24 online newspaper Retrieved Apr 30 2020 CHP ye 12 yil sonra kadin grup baskanvekili Radikal Retrieved Apr 30 2020 Meclisteki kadin yonetcilerden cagri Milliyet Retrieved Apr 30 2020 Meclis te kadinin adi yine yok www hurriyet com tr Retrieved Apr 30 2020 An Afyon University paper by D Ali Aslan in Turkish Kadin milletvekillerinin temsil orani artti www aa com tr Tutanak C Senatosu B 36 18 1 1966 O 1 PDF in Turkish TBMM Retrieved 2013 02 02 TIP li Fatma Ismen in olumu Milliyet in Turkish 2006 05 18 Retrieved 2013 02 02 C Senatosu B 53 29 4 1975 O 1 PDF in Turkish TBMM Retrieved 2013 02 02 biyografi net Nermin Abadan Unat biyografisi burada unlulerin biyografileri burada www biyografi net Retrieved Apr 30 2020 82nci Birlesim PDF Cumhuriyet Senatosu Tutanak Dergisi in Turkish TBMM 13 23 Oct 1979 Retrieved 2013 02 02 Mesleklerine Gore Ilk Turk Kadinlari KPSS Guncel Bilgiler www kpssguncelbilgi com Turkiye nin ilk kadin muhtari Tarih milliyet blog blog milliyet com tr Retrieved Apr 30 2020 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Women in Turkish politics amp oldid 1136730014, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
