Although the majority of Maldivian today women wear the veil,[4] this is a phenomenon experienced in the past two decades or so, possibly as a response to increased religious conservatism.[5]
There are no official laws in the Constitution of the Maldives that require women to cover their heads, but since the early 21st-century Maldivian women has commonly wore a hijab and niqab in public.
The Maldives became Muslim in the 12th-century but women did not veil: in 1337, the Muslim traveller Ibn Battuta expressed his dislike of the fact that the Muslim women of the Maldives did not veil [6] and only wore a skirt (called feyli) over the lower half of their bodies, and that he had no success in ordering them to cover up.[7] With the exception of a failed attempt to force women to veil in the 17th-century, veiling continued to be uncommon in the Maldives until the 20th-century.[8]
From the 1980s onward the veiling started to become more common in the Maldives due to growing Islamic conservatism, and in the early 21st-century women and girls was put under a growing social pressure to veil, resulting in resulting in hijab and black robes becoming common public wear by 2006.[9]
In 2007, the US Department of State's annual International Religious Freedom Report referenced one instance in which a female student was restricted from attending school for wearing a headscarf, despite civil servants wearing them at work without issue; [10][11] conversely, there are reports of women being pressured into covering themselves by close relatives;[12] of unveiled women being harassed, and of school girls being pressured to veil by their teachers.[13]
Women are not strictly secluded, but special sections are reserved for women in public places in some events.[3] However, those women who refuse to wear a veil or decide to remove it face social stigma[4] from both their families and members of the public.[14]
Women do not adopt their husbands' names after marriage but maintain their maiden names.[3]Inheritance of property is through both males and females.[3] With one of the highest divorce rates in the world, women in general have enjoyed marriage and divorce rights throughout history. Both divorced men and women face no stigma, and historically women also have the right to initiate divorce.[citation needed]
Catcalling and sexual harassment are major problems in Maldives for Maldivian and foreign women alike. A total of 96% of women in the Maldives reported having been harassed in the streets at some point in their lives, with 60% facing harassment before turning 16 and 40% reporting being sexually harassed before they turned 10.[15] Men of all ages find catcalling perfectly acceptable in especially Male' city. Little to no action is taken against people who harass women and the number of sexual assaults and rapes are increasing.[16]
In 2013, a 15-year-old rape victim received a sentence of 100 lashes for fornication. The sentence was later overturned by the Maldivian High Court, following an international petition campaign led by Avaaz.[17] A disproportionate number of women face public flogging for extra-marital sex compared to men: the majority of men accused of extra-marital sex are acquitted.[18] (Maldivian law only enforces punishment to these actions only through admission. Even though the Maldives is a 100 percent Muslim country for nearly a thousand years, there is no record of stoning, or execution for murder unlike most other Islamic or Non-Islamic nations across the world.[citation needed])
EducationEdit
The male female ratio of enrolment and completion of education to secondary school standards remains equivalent, with female students academically exceeding the results of male students in recent years.[citation needed] But on average they earn less than half the salaries of men in the workplace,[19] possibly as a consequence of a higher male education levels a few decades ago. However, with the increased number of females who pursue higher education, which is set to overtake males this is likely to change in the near future. This change is also seen positively in the birth rate, which currently sees the Maldives on a negative birth rate, due to prolonged educational periods and change in social norms.[citation needed]
PoliticsEdit
In today's society some women hold positions in government and business but they are heavily under-represented. As of 2016 women only accounted for three out of 14 government ministers, five out of 85 lawmakers and six out of more than 180 judges.[20] However the vast majority of Civil Servants are female employees.
ReferencesEdit
^"Human Development Report 2021/2022" (PDF). HUMAN DEVELOPMENT REPORTS. Retrieved 9 December 2022.
^"Global Gender Gap Report 2022" (PDF). World Economic Forum. Retrieved 1 March 2023.
^"MALDIVES: Children's rights in the Special Procedures' reports | CRIN". www.crin.org.
^"Hijab and the Maldives: stigma, shaming and the struggle to take it off". Maldives Independent. 17 January 2018. Retrieved 18 October 2018.
^Emma Fulu Domestic Violence in Asia: Globalization, Gender and Islam in the Maldives, p. 101-103
^"Hijab and the Maldives: stigma, shaming and the struggle to take it off | Maldives Independent". maldivesindependent.com. Retrieved 2018-05-15.
^"UNFPA Maldives | Maldivian Women say #MeToo". maldives.unfpa.org. Retrieved 2018-05-15.
^"Women's group speaks out over sexual abuse | Maldives Independent". maldivesindependent.com. Retrieved 2018-05-15.
^"Maldives rape victim spared the lash after global anger". The Independent. 2013-08-24.
^"150 women face adultery flogging on Maldives". The Independent. 2009-07-22. Retrieved 2018-05-15.
^"Maldives: Women's Representation in Political Processes —". aceproject.org. Retrieved 2018-05-15.
^"Female candidates win majorities on four island councils | Maldives Independent". maldivesindependent.com. Retrieved 2018-05-15.
August 28, 2023
women, maldives, this, article, needs, additional, citations, verification, please, help, improve, this, article, adding, citations, reliable, sources, unsourced, material, challenged, removed, find, sources, news, newspapers, books, scholar, jstor, august, 20. This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Women in the Maldives news newspapers books scholar JSTOR August 2021 Learn how and when to remove this template message The status of Women in the Maldives was traditionally fairly high as attested to in part by the existence of four Sultanas 3 Women in the MaldivesMaldivian women attending the 2012 International Women s Day March in MaleGeneral StatisticsMaternal mortality per 100 000 60 2010 Women in parliament6 5 2012 Women over 25 with secondary education20 7 2010 Women in labour force55 7 2011 Gender Inequality Index 1 Value0 348 2021 Rank83rd out of 191Global Gender Gap Index 2 Value0 648 2022 Rank117th out of 146 Contents 1 Dress rules 2 Sexual rights 3 Education 4 Politics 5 ReferencesDress rules EditAlthough the majority of Maldivian today women wear the veil 4 this is a phenomenon experienced in the past two decades or so possibly as a response to increased religious conservatism 5 There are no official laws in the Constitution of the Maldives that require women to cover their heads but since the early 21st century Maldivian women has commonly wore a hijab and niqab in public The Maldives became Muslim in the 12th century but women did not veil in 1337 the Muslim traveller Ibn Battuta expressed his dislike of the fact that the Muslim women of the Maldives did not veil 6 and only wore a skirt called feyli over the lower half of their bodies and that he had no success in ordering them to cover up 7 With the exception of a failed attempt to force women to veil in the 17th century veiling continued to be uncommon in the Maldives until the 20th century 8 From the 1980s onward the veiling started to become more common in the Maldives due to growing Islamic conservatism and in the early 21st century women and girls was put under a growing social pressure to veil resulting in resulting in hijab and black robes becoming common public wear by 2006 9 In 2007 the US Department of State s annual International Religious Freedom Report referenced one instance in which a female student was restricted from attending school for wearing a headscarf despite civil servants wearing them at work without issue 10 11 conversely there are reports of women being pressured into covering themselves by close relatives 12 of unveiled women being harassed and of school girls being pressured to veil by their teachers 13 Women are not strictly secluded but special sections are reserved for women in public places in some events 3 However those women who refuse to wear a veil or decide to remove it face social stigma 4 from both their families and members of the public 14 Sexual rights EditPolygamy in the Maldives is legal but very rare Prostitution in the Maldives and Homosexuality is illegal citation needed Women do not adopt their husbands names after marriage but maintain their maiden names 3 Inheritance of property is through both males and females 3 With one of the highest divorce rates in the world women in general have enjoyed marriage and divorce rights throughout history Both divorced men and women face no stigma and historically women also have the right to initiate divorce citation needed Catcalling and sexual harassment are major problems in Maldives for Maldivian and foreign women alike A total of 96 of women in the Maldives reported having been harassed in the streets at some point in their lives with 60 facing harassment before turning 16 and 40 reporting being sexually harassed before they turned 10 15 Men of all ages find catcalling perfectly acceptable in especially Male city Little to no action is taken against people who harass women and the number of sexual assaults and rapes are increasing 16 In 2013 a 15 year old rape victim received a sentence of 100 lashes for fornication The sentence was later overturned by the Maldivian High Court following an international petition campaign led by Avaaz 17 A disproportionate number of women face public flogging for extra marital sex compared to men the majority of men accused of extra marital sex are acquitted 18 Maldivian law only enforces punishment to these actions only through admission Even though the Maldives is a 100 percent Muslim country for nearly a thousand years there is no record of stoning or execution for murder unlike most other Islamic or Non Islamic nations across the world citation needed Education EditThe male female ratio of enrolment and completion of education to secondary school standards remains equivalent with female students academically exceeding the results of male students in recent years citation needed But on average they earn less than half the salaries of men in the workplace 19 possibly as a consequence of a higher male education levels a few decades ago However with the increased number of females who pursue higher education which is set to overtake males this is likely to change in the near future This change is also seen positively in the birth rate which currently sees the Maldives on a negative birth rate due to prolonged educational periods and change in social norms citation needed Politics EditIn today s society some women hold positions in government and business but they are heavily under represented As of 2016 women only accounted for three out of 14 government ministers five out of 85 lawmakers and six out of more than 180 judges 20 However the vast majority of Civil Servants are female employees References Edit Human Development Report 2021 2022 PDF HUMAN DEVELOPMENT REPORTS Retrieved 9 December 2022 Global Gender Gap Report 2022 PDF World Economic Forum Retrieved 1 March 2023 a b c d Ryavec Karl E 1995 Maldives Social Structure In Metz Helen Chapin ed Indian Ocean five island countries 3rd ed Washington D C Federal Research Division Library of Congress pp 266 267 ISBN 0 8444 0857 3 OCLC 32508646 This article incorporates text from this source which is in the public domain a href Template Cite encyclopedia html title Template Cite encyclopedia cite encyclopedia a CS1 maint postscript link a b MALDIVES 2016 INTERNATIONAL RELIGIOUS FREEDOM REPORT PDF US Government 2016 Archived from the original PDF on 2017 08 15 Emma Fulu Domestic Violence in Asia Globalization Gender and Islam in the Maldives p 101 103 Guity Nashat Becker Guity Nashat Judith E Tucker Women in the Middle East and North Africa Restoring Women to History s 55 Emma Fulu Domestic Violence in Asia Globalization Gender and Islam in the Maldives p 101 Emma Fulu Domestic Violence in Asia Globalization Gender and Islam in the Maldives p 101 Emma Fulu Domestic Violence in Asia Globalization Gender and Islam in the Maldives p 101 103 Maldives U S Department of State MALDIVES Children s rights in the Special Procedures reports CRIN www crin org Hijab and the Maldives stigma shaming and the struggle to take it off Maldives Independent 17 January 2018 Retrieved 18 October 2018 Emma Fulu Domestic Violence in Asia Globalization Gender and Islam in the Maldives p 101 103 Hijab and the Maldives stigma shaming and the struggle to take it off Maldives Independent maldivesindependent com Retrieved 2018 05 15 UNFPA Maldives Maldivian Women say MeToo maldives unfpa org Retrieved 2018 05 15 Women s group speaks out over sexual abuse Maldives Independent maldivesindependent com Retrieved 2018 05 15 Maldives rape victim spared the lash after global anger The Independent 2013 08 24 150 women face adultery flogging on Maldives The Independent 2009 07 22 Retrieved 2018 05 15 Maldives Women s Representation in Political Processes aceproject org Retrieved 2018 05 15 Female candidates win majorities on four island councils Maldives Independent maldivesindependent com Retrieved 2018 05 15 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Women in the Maldives amp oldid 1148776378, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
