The town's name is derived from the Polish word wół ("ox").
Historyedit
The area around Wołów has been settled since prehistoric times.[2] It became part of the emerging Polish state in the late 10th century under Mieszko I of Poland.[3] The town was first mentioned in 1157[4] when a wooden castle founded by Senior Duke of PolandWładysław II the Exile is documented,[5][6] which developed into a castle complex, which was again mentioned in 1202.[7] Two villages developed near the castle, one of them called Wołowo. Probably in the second half of the 13th century the town was founded near Wołowo and partially on the soil of the second village.[8] Wołów received Magdeburg town rights about 1285 at the time of German Ostsiedlung in the region; a Vogt is mentioned in 1288.[8]
At that time Wołów belonged to the Duchy of Głogów, after 1312 to the Duchy of Oleśnica.[8] With the duchy it came under the suzerainty of Bohemia in 1328. Since the 15th century, the town was a center of clothmaking.[9] From 1473 dates the oldest known seal of the town, which already shows an ox, as do all later seals. Wołów was ruled by local Polish dukes until 1492, and soon after, in 1495, it came into the possession of the CzechPodiebrad family, then in 1517 it came into the hands the Hungarian magnate Johann Thurzó, before returning to Piast rule in 1523, by passing to the Duchy of Legnica.[3] It remained there until the Piast dukes of Legnica-Brzeg-Wołów died out in 1675. As a result of the Thirty Years' War, the town's population fell by half.[3]
Wołów (as Wohlau) around 1750
The Protestant Reformation was introduced to the town in 1522 by duke Frederick II. After the extinction of the local Piasts the duchy passed to the House of Habsburg, which opposed the Protestant denomination in the town, as part of the Counter-Reformation. In 1682 the town's parish church was closed and given to the Catholics. According to the Treaty of Altranstädt the church however was already returned to the Protestants in 1707 and stayed Protestant until 1945. The small Catholic minority in return received a Josephinian curacy.[10]
In 1742 Wołów was annexed by Prussia.[9] The duchy was divided into two districts and the town became county seat of one of the districts. The structure of the town was, until 1700, defined by craft, especially clothiers. As the seat of a duchy and a district administrative function however became more and more important. The industrialization played only a minor role and mostly affected smaller companies of the timber industry.[10] In 1781 the city suffered a fire.[3]
Piast Castle
Saint Lawrence church
Saint Charles Borromeo church
Medieval town walls (with a modern oxen monument)
Courthouse
Town hall (relief of the coat of arms of the Duchy of Legnica on the facade)
The town was part of Germany from 1871 to 1945. During World War I, the Germans operated a forced labour camp for Alliedprisoners of war in the town.[11] During World War II, the Germans operated a youth prison in the town, with multiple forced labour subcamps in the region, including one in the town itself.[12] In 1943–1945, the Germans carried out mass executions of Alliedprisoners of war in the forest in the present-day district of Gancarz.[9] In January 1945 – just before town was taken by the Red Army – the Wehrmacht evacuated the German population westwards.[citation needed] After Nazi Germany's defeat in World War II, the town became again part of Poland. The totality of the town's previous population was expelled in accordance with the Potsdam Agreement.
In 1962, the town was site of the Wołów bank robbery, one of the largest bank robberies in Poland.
Sportsedit
The local football team is MKP Wołów.[13] It competes in the lower leagues.
Notable peopleedit
Jan II the Mad (1435–1504), Polish House of Silesian Piasts dynasty Duke of Żagań-Przewóz since 1439, died in Wołów and was buried in the local parish church
Maria Cunitz (1610–1664), astronomer, the most notable female astronomer of the early modern era
^"Population. Size and structure and vital statistics in Poland by territorial division in 2019. As of 30th June". stat.gov.pl. Statistics Poland. 2019-10-15. Retrieved 2020-02-14.
^Hugo Weczerka, Handbuch der historischen Stätten, Schlesien, 2003, p.570, ISBN3-520-31602-1
^ abcd"Historia Wołowa". Urząd Miejski w Wołowie (in Polish). Retrieved August 8, 2019.
^Józef Pilch, Leksykon zabytków architektury Dolnego Śląska, Wydawn. "Arkady", 2005, p. 403 link
^Romuald M. Łuczyński, Chronologia dziejów Dolnego Śląska, Oficyna Wydawn. ATUT, Wrocławskie Wydawn. Oświatowe, 2006, p. 143 link
^Ernst Badstübner, Dehio - Handbuch der Kunstdenkmäler in Polen: Schlesien, 2003, p.1028, ISBN3-422-03109-X
^Kujat, Janusz Adam (2000). "Pieniądz zastępczy w obozach jenieckich na terenie rejencji wrocławskiej w czasie I i II wojny światowej". Łambinowicki rocznik muzealny (in Polish). 23. Opole: 13. ISSN 0137-5199.
^"Jugendgefängnis Wohlau". Bundesarchiv.de (in German). Retrieved 3 June 2021.
^"Strona internetowa klubu MKP Wołów" (in Polish). Retrieved 3 June 2021.
External linksedit
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Wołów.
Official site of Wołów
May 01, 2024
wołów, also, Świętokrzyskie, voivodeship, ˈvɔwuf, german, wohlau, czech, volov, town, lower, silesian, voivodeship, south, western, poland, seat, county, gmina, lies, approximately, kilometres, miles, north, west, regional, capital, wrocław, 2019, update, town. See also Wolow Swietokrzyskie Voivodeship Wolow ˈvɔwuf German Wohlau Czech Volov is a town in Lower Silesian Voivodeship in south western Poland It is the seat of Wolow County and Gmina Wolow It lies approximately 38 kilometres 24 miles north west of the regional capital Wroclaw As of 2019 update the town has a population of 12 373 It is part of the larger Wroclaw metropolitan area WolowTown hall in WolowFlagCoat of armsWolowShow map of PolandWolowShow map of Lower Silesian VoivodeshipCoordinates 51 20 29 N 16 37 42 E 51 34139 N 16 62833 E 51 34139 16 62833Country PolandVoivodeshipLower SilesianCountyWolowGminaWolowFirst mentioned1157Town rightsaround 1285Government MayorDariusz ChmuraArea Total18 54 km2 7 16 sq mi Population 2019 06 30 1 Total12 373 Density670 km2 1 700 sq mi Time zoneUTC 1 CET Summer DST UTC 2 CEST Postal code56 100Car platesDWLVoivodeship roadsWebsitehttp www wolow pl Contents 1 Name 2 History 3 Sports 4 Notable people 5 Twin towns sister cities 6 References 7 External linksName editThe town s name is derived from the Polish word wol ox History editThe area around Wolow has been settled since prehistoric times 2 It became part of the emerging Polish state in the late 10th century under Mieszko I of Poland 3 The town was first mentioned in 1157 4 when a wooden castle founded by Senior Duke of Poland Wladyslaw II the Exile is documented 5 6 which developed into a castle complex which was again mentioned in 1202 7 Two villages developed near the castle one of them called Wolowo Probably in the second half of the 13th century the town was founded near Wolowo and partially on the soil of the second village 8 Wolow received Magdeburg town rights about 1285 at the time of German Ostsiedlung in the region a Vogt is mentioned in 1288 8 At that time Wolow belonged to the Duchy of Glogow after 1312 to the Duchy of Olesnica 8 With the duchy it came under the suzerainty of Bohemia in 1328 Since the 15th century the town was a center of clothmaking 9 From 1473 dates the oldest known seal of the town which already shows an ox as do all later seals Wolow was ruled by local Polish dukes until 1492 and soon after in 1495 it came into the possession of the Czech Podiebrad family then in 1517 it came into the hands the Hungarian magnate Johann Thurzo before returning to Piast rule in 1523 by passing to the Duchy of Legnica 3 It remained there until the Piast dukes of Legnica Brzeg Wolow died out in 1675 As a result of the Thirty Years War the town s population fell by half 3 nbsp Wolow as Wohlau around 1750 The Protestant Reformation was introduced to the town in 1522 by duke Frederick II After the extinction of the local Piasts the duchy passed to the House of Habsburg which opposed the Protestant denomination in the town as part of the Counter Reformation In 1682 the town s parish church was closed and given to the Catholics According to the Treaty of Altranstadt the church however was already returned to the Protestants in 1707 and stayed Protestant until 1945 The small Catholic minority in return received a Josephinian curacy 10 In 1742 Wolow was annexed by Prussia 9 The duchy was divided into two districts and the town became county seat of one of the districts The structure of the town was until 1700 defined by craft especially clothiers As the seat of a duchy and a district administrative function however became more and more important The industrialization played only a minor role and mostly affected smaller companies of the timber industry 10 In 1781 the city suffered a fire 3 nbsp Piast Castle nbsp Saint Lawrence church nbsp Saint Charles Borromeo church nbsp Medieval town walls with a modern oxen monument nbsp Courthouse nbsp Town hall relief of the coat of arms of the Duchy of Legnica on the facade The town was part of Germany from 1871 to 1945 During World War I the Germans operated a forced labour camp for Allied prisoners of war in the town 11 During World War II the Germans operated a youth prison in the town with multiple forced labour subcamps in the region including one in the town itself 12 In 1943 1945 the Germans carried out mass executions of Allied prisoners of war in the forest in the present day district of Gancarz 9 In January 1945 just before town was taken by the Red Army the Wehrmacht evacuated the German population westwards citation needed After Nazi Germany s defeat in World War II the town became again part of Poland The totality of the town s previous population was expelled in accordance with the Potsdam Agreement In 1962 the town was site of the Wolow bank robbery one of the largest bank robberies in Poland Sports editThe local football team is MKP Wolow 13 It competes in the lower leagues Notable people editJan II the Mad 1435 1504 Polish House of Silesian Piasts dynasty Duke of Zagan Przewoz since 1439 died in Wolow and was buried in the local parish church Maria Cunitz 1610 1664 astronomer the most notable female astronomer of the early modern era Oskar Muller 1896 1970 German politician Miroslaw Hermaszewski born 1941 first and to this day remains the only Polish national in spaceTwin towns sister cities editSee twin towns of Gmina Wolow References edit Population Size and structure and vital statistics in Poland by territorial division in 2019 As of 30th June stat gov pl Statistics Poland 2019 10 15 Retrieved 2020 02 14 Hugo Weczerka Handbuch der historischen Statten Schlesien 2003 p 570 ISBN 3 520 31602 1 a b c d Historia Wolowa Urzad Miejski w Wolowie in Polish Retrieved August 8 2019 Jozef Pilch Leksykon zabytkow architektury Dolnego Slaska Wydawn Arkady 2005 p 403 link Romuald M Luczynski Chronologia dziejow Dolnego Slaska Oficyna Wydawn ATUT Wroclawskie Wydawn Oswiatowe 2006 p 143 link Ernst Badstubner Dehio Handbuch der Kunstdenkmaler in Polen Schlesien 2003 p 1028 ISBN 3 422 03109 X Badstubner p 1028 a b c Weczerka p 570 a b c Wolow Encyklopedia PWN in Polish Retrieved 3 June 2021 a b Weczerka p 571 Kujat Janusz Adam 2000 Pieniadz zastepczy w obozach jenieckich na terenie rejencji wroclawskiej w czasie I i II wojny swiatowej Lambinowicki rocznik muzealny in Polish 23 Opole 13 ISSN 0137 5199 Jugendgefangnis Wohlau Bundesarchiv de in German Retrieved 3 June 2021 Strona internetowa klubu MKP Wolow in Polish Retrieved 3 June 2021 External links edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Wolow Official site of Wolow Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Wolow amp oldid 1199728498, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
