fbpx
Wikipedia

Wobbegong

May 03, 2024

For the fictional place, see Lake Wobegon.

Wobbegong is the common name given to the 12 species of carpet sharks in the family Orectolobidae. They are found in shallow temperate and tropical waters of the western Pacific Ocean and eastern Indian Ocean, chiefly around Australia and Indonesia, although one species (the Japanese wobbegong, Orectolobus japonicus) occurs as far north as Japan. The word wobbegong is believed to come from an Australian Aboriginal language, meaning "shaggy beard", referring to the growths around the mouth of the shark of the western Pacific.

Wobbegong
Temporal range: Upper Jurassic–Recent
Spotted wobbegong, Orectolobus maculatus,
showing the camouflage pattern and skin flaps typical of wobbegongs
Scientific classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Chondrichthyes
Subclass: Elasmobranchii
Subdivision: Selachimorpha
Order: Orectolobiformes
Family: Orectolobidae
T. N. Gill, 1896
Genera

Eucrossorhinus
Orectolobus
Sutorectus

Description edit

Wobbegongs are bottom-dwelling sharks, spending much of their time resting on the sea floor. Most species have a maximum length of 1.25 m (4.1 ft), but the largest, the spotted wobbegong, Orectolobus maculatus, and banded wobbegong, O. halei, reach about 3 m (9.8 ft) in length.

Wobbegongs are well camouflaged with a symmetrical pattern of bold markings which resembles a carpet. Because of this striking pattern, wobbegongs and their close relatives are often referred to as carpet sharks. The camouflage is improved by the presence of small weed-like whisker lobes[1] surrounding the wobbegong's jaw, which help to camouflage it and act as sensory barbs. Wobbegongs make use of their camouflage to hide among rocks and catch smaller fish which swim too close, typical of ambush predators. Wobbegongs also have a powerful jaw with needle-like teeth that assist in catching reef fish and other sharks for food. The blood cells of several species of wobbegong have also been described.[2]

Interaction with humans edit

Wobbegongs are generally not considered dangerous to humans,[3] but have attacked swimmers, snorkelers, and scuba divers who inadvertently come close to them.[3] The Australian Shark Attack File contains more than 50 records of unprovoked attacks by wobbegongs,[3] and the International Shark Attack File 28 records,[4] none of them fatal. Wobbegongs have also bitten surfers.[5] Wobbegongs are very flexible and can easily bite a hand holding onto their tail.[6] They have many small but sharp teeth and their bite can be severe, even through a wetsuit; having once bitten, they have been known to hang on and can be very difficult to remove.[7]

In Australia, wobbegong skin is used to make leather.[8]

Captivity edit

Although most wobbegong species are unsuitable for home aquaria due to their large adult size, this has not stopped some of the larger species from being sold in the aquarium trade.[9] Small wobbegong species, such as the tasselled wobbegong and Ward's wobbegong, are "ideal" sharks for home aquarists to keep because they are an appropriate size and are lethargic, enabling them to be accommodated within the limited space of a home tank, although they will consume tankmates, even quite large ones.[9] Some aquarists, by contrast, see the lack of activity to be a drawback to keeping wobbegongs, and prefer more active sharks.[9] Wobbegongs are largely nocturnal and, due to their slow metabolism, do not have to be fed as often as other sharks. Most do well on two feedings weekly. Underfed wobbegongs can be recognised by visibly atrophied dorsal musculature.[9]

Genera and species edit

 
Orectolobus leptolineatus

The 12 living species of wobbegong, in three genera, are:[10]

Fossil genera include:

Conservation status edit

Conservation status of extant wobbegong species
Species Common name(s) IUCN Red List status Population trend Reference
Eucrossorhinus dasypogon Tasselled wobbegong Least concern Unknown [13]
Orectolobus floridus Floral banded wobbegong Least concern Unknown [14]
Orectolobus halei Gulf wobbegong, banded wobbegong Least concern Stable [15]
Orectolobus hutchinsi Western wobbegong Least concern Unknown [16]
Orectolobus japonicus Japanese wobbegong Data deficient Unknown [17]
Orectolobus leptolineatus Indonesian wobbegong Near Threatened Unknown [18]
Orectolobus maculatus Spotted wobbegong Least concern Unknown [19]
Orectolobus ornatus Ornate wobbegong Least concern Unknown [20]
Orectolobus parvimaculatus Dwarf spotted wobbegong Least concern Unknown [21]
Orectolobus reticulatus Network wobbegong Data deficient Unknown [22]
Orectolobus wardi Northern wobbegong Least concern Unknown [23]
Sutorectus tentaculatus Cobbler wobbegong Least concern Unknown [24]

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ "Wobbegongs - five species encountered in Queensland". Queensland Primary Industries and Fisheries. 2009-03-02. Archived from the original on 1 August 2012. Retrieved 2009-06-14.
  2. ^ Old JM, Huveneers C (2006). Morphology of the blood cells from three species of wobbegong sharks (Orectolobus species) on the East Coast of N. S. W. Zoo Biology. 25(1), 72-83. DOI: 10.1002/zoo.20079
  3. ^ a b c John G. West (2011). "Changing patterns of shark attacks in Australian waters" (PDF). Marine and Freshwater Research. 62 (6): 744–754. doi:10.1071/MF10181.
  4. ^ "Species Implicated in Attacks - International Shark Attack File". Retrieved 2018-04-06.
  5. ^ "Shark attack victim Kirra-Bella Olsson, 13, 'laughed' after ankle and calf were mauled by a wobbegong". The Daily Telegraph. 2014-10-18. Retrieved 2014-10-19.
  6. ^ Kuiter, Rudie (1999). Guide to Sea Fishes of Australia (amended ed.). New Holland Publishers (Aust.) Pty Ltd. p. 12. ISBN 1-86436-091-7.
  7. ^ "Shark sinks its teeth in for the long haul". The Sydney Morning Herald. 2004-02-12. Retrieved 2006-06-14.
  8. ^ Debra A. Rose; International Traffic Network (1 December 1996). An overview of world trade in sharks and other cartilaginous fishes. TRAFFIC International. ISBN 978-1-85850-114-7.
  9. ^ a b c d Michael, Scott W. (March 2004). "Sharks at Home". Aquarium Fish Magazine. pp. 20–29.
  10. ^ Froese, Rainer, and Daniel Pauly, eds. (2009). "Orectolobidae" in FishBase. January 2009 version.
  11. ^ Huveneers (2006). "Redescription of two species of wobbegongs (Chondrichthyes: Orectolobidae) with elevation of Orectolobus halei Whitley 1940 to species level" (PDF). Zootaxa. 1284: 29–51. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.1284.1.2.
  12. ^ Last, Chidlow & Compagno (2006). "A new wobbegong shark, Orectolobus hutchinsi n. sp. (Orectolobiformes: Orectolobidae) from southwestern Australia" (PDF). Zootaxa. 1239: 35–48. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.1239.1.3.
  13. ^ Charlie Huveneers; Richard Pillans (2015-02-18). "Eucrossorhinus dasypogon". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015-02-18: e.T41873A68623121. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-4.RLTS.T41873A68623121.en. Retrieved 2020-07-06.
  14. ^ Charlie Huveneers; Rory McAuley (2015-02-18). "Orectolobus floridus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015-02-18: e.T161664A68638011. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-4.RLTS.T161664A68638011.en. Retrieved 2020-07-06.
  15. ^ Charlie Huveneers; David Pollard; Ian Gordon; Anthony Flaherty; John Pogonoski (2015-03-23). "Orectolobus halei". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015-03-23: e.T161709A68638176. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-4.RLTS.T161709A68638176.en. Retrieved 2020-07-06.
  16. ^ Charlie Huveneers; Rory McAuley (2015-02-18). "Orectolobus hutchinsi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015-02-18: e.T42717A68638402. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-4.RLTS.T42717A68638402.en. Retrieved 2020-07-06.
  17. ^ Rigby, C.L.; Bin Ali, A.; Bineesh, K.K.; Chen, X.; Derrick, D.; Dharmadi Ebert, D.A.; Fahmi, Fernando, D.; Gautama, D.A.; Haque, A.B.; Ho, H.; Hsu, H.; Maung, A.; Vo, V.Q.; Sianipar, A.; Tanay, D.; Utzurrum, J.A.T.; Yuneni, R.R. & Zhang, J. (2020). "Orectolobus japonicus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T161563A124507360. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T161563A124507360.en. Retrieved 10 August 2023.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  18. ^ Dulvy, N.K.; Bin Ali, A.; Derrick, D.; Fahmi, Utzurrum, J.A.T.; Yuneni, R.R. (2021). "Orectolobus leptolineatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021: e.T176486152A176486163. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-2.RLTS.T176486152A176486163.en. Retrieved 10 August 2023.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  19. ^ Charlie Huveneers; David Pollard; Ian Gordon; Anthony Flaherty; John Pogonoski (2015-03-23). "Orectolobus maculatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015-03-23: e.T41837A68638559. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-4.RLTS.T41837A68638559.en. Retrieved 2020-07-06.
  20. ^ Charlie Huveneers; David Pollard; Ian Gordon; Anthony Flaherty; John Pogonoski (2015-02-20). "Orectolobus ornatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015-02-20: e.T41838A68638906. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-4.RLTS.T41838A68638906.en. Retrieved 2020-07-06.
  21. ^ Charlie Huveneers; Rory McAuley (2015-02-18). "Orectolobus parvimaculatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015-02-18: e.T161651A68639242. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-4.RLTS.T161651A68639242.en. Retrieved 2020-07-06.
  22. ^ Shannon Corrigan; Charlie Huveneers (2015-02-18). "Orectolobus reticulatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015-02-18: e.T195439A68639415. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-4.RLTS.T195439A68639415.en. Retrieved 2020-07-06.
  23. ^ Charlie Huveneers; Shannon Corrigan; Richard Pillans (2015-02-19). "Orectolobus wardi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015-02-19: e.T41839A68639575. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-4.RLTS.T41839A68639575.en. Retrieved 2020-07-06.
  24. ^ Charlie Huveneersersity); Colin Simpfendorfer (2015-02-18). "Sutorectus tentaculatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015-02-18: e.T41864A68646166. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-4.RLTS.T41864A68646166.en. Retrieved 2020-07-06.

Tasselled wobbegong. Oceana. (n.d.). Retrieved October 10, 2021, from https://oceana.org/marine-life/sharks-rays/tasselled-wobbegong.

External links edit

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Orectolobidae.
  • Froese, Rainer, and Daniel Pauly, eds. (2017). "Orectolobidae" in FishBase. April 2017 version.
  • "Spotted Wobbegong, Orectolobus maculatus (Bonnaterre, 1788)". Australian Museum.

May 03, 2024
wobbegong, fictional, place, lake, wobegon, common, name, given, species, carpet, sharks, family, orectolobidae, they, found, shallow, temperate, tropical, waters, western, pacific, ocean, eastern, indian, ocean, chiefly, around, australia, indonesia, although. For the fictional place see Lake Wobegon Wobbegong is the common name given to the 12 species of carpet sharks in the family Orectolobidae They are found in shallow temperate and tropical waters of the western Pacific Ocean and eastern Indian Ocean chiefly around Australia and Indonesia although one species the Japanese wobbegong Orectolobus japonicus occurs as far north as Japan The word wobbegong is believed to come from an Australian Aboriginal language meaning shaggy beard referring to the growths around the mouth of the shark of the western Pacific WobbegongTemporal range Upper Jurassic Recent PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N Spotted wobbegong Orectolobus maculatus showing the camouflage pattern and skin flaps typical of wobbegongs Scientific classification Domain Eukaryota Kingdom Animalia Phylum Chordata Class Chondrichthyes Subclass Elasmobranchii Subdivision Selachimorpha Order Orectolobiformes Family OrectolobidaeT N Gill 1896 Genera Eucrossorhinus Orectolobus Sutorectus Contents 1 Description 2 Interaction with humans 2 1 Captivity 3 Genera and species 4 Conservation status 5 See also 6 References 7 External linksDescription editWobbegongs are bottom dwelling sharks spending much of their time resting on the sea floor Most species have a maximum length of 1 25 m 4 1 ft but the largest the spotted wobbegong Orectolobus maculatus and banded wobbegong O halei reach about 3 m 9 8 ft in length Wobbegongs are well camouflaged with a symmetrical pattern of bold markings which resembles a carpet Because of this striking pattern wobbegongs and their close relatives are often referred to as carpet sharks The camouflage is improved by the presence of small weed like whisker lobes 1 surrounding the wobbegong s jaw which help to camouflage it and act as sensory barbs Wobbegongs make use of their camouflage to hide among rocks and catch smaller fish which swim too close typical of ambush predators Wobbegongs also have a powerful jaw with needle like teeth that assist in catching reef fish and other sharks for food The blood cells of several species of wobbegong have also been described 2 Interaction with humans editWobbegongs are generally not considered dangerous to humans 3 but have attacked swimmers snorkelers and scuba divers who inadvertently come close to them 3 The Australian Shark Attack File contains more than 50 records of unprovoked attacks by wobbegongs 3 and the International Shark Attack File 28 records 4 none of them fatal Wobbegongs have also bitten surfers 5 Wobbegongs are very flexible and can easily bite a hand holding onto their tail 6 They have many small but sharp teeth and their bite can be severe even through a wetsuit having once bitten they have been known to hang on and can be very difficult to remove 7 In Australia wobbegong skin is used to make leather 8 Captivity edit Although most wobbegong species are unsuitable for home aquaria due to their large adult size this has not stopped some of the larger species from being sold in the aquarium trade 9 Small wobbegong species such as the tasselled wobbegong and Ward s wobbegong are ideal sharks for home aquarists to keep because they are an appropriate size and are lethargic enabling them to be accommodated within the limited space of a home tank although they will consume tankmates even quite large ones 9 Some aquarists by contrast see the lack of activity to be a drawback to keeping wobbegongs and prefer more active sharks 9 Wobbegongs are largely nocturnal and due to their slow metabolism do not have to be fed as often as other sharks Most do well on two feedings weekly Underfed wobbegongs can be recognised by visibly atrophied dorsal musculature 9 Genera and species edit nbsp Orectolobus leptolineatus The 12 living species of wobbegong in three genera are 10 Genus Eucrossorhinus Regan 1908 Eucrossorhinus dasypogon Bleeker 1867 tasselled wobbegong Eucrossorhinus microcuspidatus Case 1978 Genus Orectolobus Bonaparte 1834 Orectolobus floridus Last amp Chidlow 2008 floral banded wobbegong Orectolobus halei Whitley 1940 11 Gulf wobbegong or banded wobbegong Orectolobus hutchinsi Last Chidlow amp Compagno 2006 12 western wobbegong Orectolobus japonicus Regan 1906 Japanese wobbegong Orectolobus leptolineatus Last Pogonoski amp W T White 2010 Indonesian wobbegong Orectolobus maculatus Bonnaterre 1788 spotted wobbegong Orectolobus ornatus De Vis 1883 ornate wobbegong Orectolobus parvimaculatus Last amp Chidlow 2008 dwarf spotted wobbegong Orectolobus reticulatus Last Pogonoski amp W T White 2008 network wobbegong Orectolobus wardi Whitley 1939 northern wobbegong Genus Sutorectus Whitley 1939 Sutorectus tentaculatus W K H Peters 1864 cobbler wobbegong Fossil genera include Cretorectolobus Case 1978 Eometlaouia Noubhani amp Cappetta 2002 Orectoloboides Cappetta 1977Conservation status editConservation status of extant wobbegong species Species Common name s IUCN Red List status Population trend Reference Eucrossorhinus dasypogon Tasselled wobbegong Least concern Unknown 13 Orectolobus floridus Floral banded wobbegong Least concern Unknown 14 Orectolobus halei Gulf wobbegong banded wobbegong Least concern Stable 15 Orectolobus hutchinsi Western wobbegong Least concern Unknown 16 Orectolobus japonicus Japanese wobbegong Data deficient Unknown 17 Orectolobus leptolineatus Indonesian wobbegong Near Threatened Unknown 18 Orectolobus maculatus Spotted wobbegong Least concern Unknown 19 Orectolobus ornatus Ornate wobbegong Least concern Unknown 20 Orectolobus parvimaculatus Dwarf spotted wobbegong Least concern Unknown 21 Orectolobus reticulatus Network wobbegong Data deficient Unknown 22 Orectolobus wardi Northern wobbegong Least concern Unknown 23 Sutorectus tentaculatus Cobbler wobbegong Least concern Unknown 24 See also edit nbsp Sharks portal List of sharks Carpet sharkReferences edit Wobbegongs five species encountered in Queensland Queensland Primary Industries and Fisheries 2009 03 02 Archived from the original on 1 August 2012 Retrieved 2009 06 14 Old JM Huveneers C 2006 Morphology of the blood cells from three species of wobbegong sharks Orectolobus species on the East Coast of N S W Zoo Biology 25 1 72 83 DOI 10 1002 zoo 20079 a b c John G West 2011 Changing patterns of shark attacks in Australian waters PDF Marine and Freshwater Research 62 6 744 754 doi 10 1071 MF10181 Species Implicated in Attacks International Shark Attack File Retrieved 2018 04 06 Shark attack victim Kirra Bella Olsson 13 laughed after ankle and calf were mauled by a wobbegong The Daily Telegraph 2014 10 18 Retrieved 2014 10 19 Kuiter Rudie 1999 Guide to Sea Fishes of Australia amended ed New Holland Publishers Aust Pty Ltd p 12 ISBN 1 86436 091 7 Shark sinks its teeth in for the long haul The Sydney Morning Herald 2004 02 12 Retrieved 2006 06 14 Debra A Rose International Traffic Network 1 December 1996 An overview of world trade in sharks and other cartilaginous fishes TRAFFIC International ISBN 978 1 85850 114 7 a b c d Michael Scott W March 2004 Sharks at Home Aquarium Fish Magazine pp 20 29 Froese Rainer and Daniel Pauly eds 2009 Orectolobidae in FishBase January 2009 version Huveneers 2006 Redescription of two species of wobbegongs Chondrichthyes Orectolobidae with elevation of Orectolobus halei Whitley 1940 to species level PDF Zootaxa 1284 29 51 doi 10 11646 zootaxa 1284 1 2 Last Chidlow amp Compagno 2006 A new wobbegong shark Orectolobus hutchinsi n sp Orectolobiformes Orectolobidae from southwestern Australia PDF Zootaxa 1239 35 48 doi 10 11646 zootaxa 1239 1 3 Charlie Huveneers Richard Pillans 2015 02 18 Eucrossorhinus dasypogon IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2015 02 18 e T41873A68623121 doi 10 2305 IUCN UK 2015 4 RLTS T41873A68623121 en Retrieved 2020 07 06 date doi mismatch Charlie Huveneers Rory McAuley 2015 02 18 Orectolobus floridus IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2015 02 18 e T161664A68638011 doi 10 2305 IUCN UK 2015 4 RLTS T161664A68638011 en Retrieved 2020 07 06 date doi mismatch Charlie Huveneers David Pollard Ian Gordon Anthony Flaherty John Pogonoski 2015 03 23 Orectolobus halei IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2015 03 23 e T161709A68638176 doi 10 2305 IUCN UK 2015 4 RLTS T161709A68638176 en Retrieved 2020 07 06 date doi mismatch Charlie Huveneers Rory McAuley 2015 02 18 Orectolobus hutchinsi IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2015 02 18 e T42717A68638402 doi 10 2305 IUCN UK 2015 4 RLTS T42717A68638402 en Retrieved 2020 07 06 date doi mismatch Rigby C L Bin Ali A Bineesh K K Chen X Derrick D Dharmadi Ebert D A Fahmi Fernando D Gautama D A Haque A B Ho H Hsu H Maung A Vo V Q Sianipar A Tanay D Utzurrum J A T Yuneni R R amp Zhang J 2020 Orectolobus japonicus IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2020 e T161563A124507360 doi 10 2305 IUCN UK 2020 3 RLTS T161563A124507360 en Retrieved 10 August 2023 a href Template Cite journal html title Template Cite journal cite journal a CS1 maint multiple names authors list link Dulvy N K Bin Ali A Derrick D Fahmi Utzurrum J A T Yuneni R R 2021 Orectolobus leptolineatus IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2021 e T176486152A176486163 doi 10 2305 IUCN UK 2021 2 RLTS T176486152A176486163 en Retrieved 10 August 2023 a href Template Cite journal html title Template Cite journal cite journal a CS1 maint multiple names authors list link Charlie Huveneers David Pollard Ian Gordon Anthony Flaherty John Pogonoski 2015 03 23 Orectolobus maculatus IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2015 03 23 e T41837A68638559 doi 10 2305 IUCN UK 2015 4 RLTS T41837A68638559 en Retrieved 2020 07 06 date doi mismatch Charlie Huveneers David Pollard Ian Gordon Anthony Flaherty John Pogonoski 2015 02 20 Orectolobus ornatus IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2015 02 20 e T41838A68638906 doi 10 2305 IUCN UK 2015 4 RLTS T41838A68638906 en Retrieved 2020 07 06 date doi mismatch Charlie Huveneers Rory McAuley 2015 02 18 Orectolobus parvimaculatus IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2015 02 18 e T161651A68639242 doi 10 2305 IUCN UK 2015 4 RLTS T161651A68639242 en Retrieved 2020 07 06 date doi mismatch Shannon Corrigan Charlie Huveneers 2015 02 18 Orectolobus reticulatus IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2015 02 18 e T195439A68639415 doi 10 2305 IUCN UK 2015 4 RLTS T195439A68639415 en Retrieved 2020 07 06 date doi mismatch Charlie Huveneers Shannon Corrigan Richard Pillans 2015 02 19 Orectolobus wardi IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2015 02 19 e T41839A68639575 doi 10 2305 IUCN UK 2015 4 RLTS T41839A68639575 en Retrieved 2020 07 06 date doi mismatch Charlie Huveneersersity Colin Simpfendorfer 2015 02 18 Sutorectus tentaculatus IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2015 02 18 e T41864A68646166 doi 10 2305 IUCN UK 2015 4 RLTS T41864A68646166 en Retrieved 2020 07 06 date doi mismatch Tasselled wobbegong Oceana n d Retrieved October 10 2021 from https oceana org marine life sharks rays tasselled wobbegong External links edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Orectolobidae Froese Rainer and Daniel Pauly eds 2017 Orectolobidae in FishBase April 2017 version Spotted Wobbegong Orectolobus maculatus Bonnaterre 1788 Australian Museum Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Wobbegong amp oldid 1220241891, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

article

, read, download, free, free download, mp3, video, mp4, 3gp, jpg, jpeg, gif, png, picture, music, song, movie, book, game, games.