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Wirmer Flag

January 01, 1970

The Wirmer Flag (German: Wirmer-Flagge), also known commercially as the flag of German Resistance 20 July or the Stauffenberg flag,[1][2] is a design by Josef Wirmer. Wirmer was a resistance fighter against the Nazi Regime and part of the 20 July plot. According to his idea, the flag was to become the new flag of Germany after the successful assassination attempt against Hitler and the transfer of power to the conspirators. First discussed by the Parlamentarischer Rat ("Parliamentary Council") in 1948/49 as the federal flag, the design served in modified form as the party flag of the Christian Democratic Union of Germany (CDU) from 1953 until around 1970 and as the model for the Free Democratic Party's (FDP) party symbol. The flag then disappeared from public perception.

Wirmer Flag
Wirmer-Flagge
UseProposed German National Flag after the assassination attempt of Adolf Hitler, 1944
Proportion3:5
DesignA red field charged with a gold-fimbriated black Nordic cross that extends to the edges.
Designed byJosef Wirmer

In 1999, Reinhold Oberlercher, the thought leader of the Neo-Nazi German College ("Deutsches Kolleg"), declared the flag to be that of the Fourth Reich,[3][4] aspired to by the college in his revised draft constitution of 9 November 1999, it became the college's flag. The German college also included Horst Mahler, who published the proclamation of the Reichsbürger movement on 14 December 2003.[5] As a result, the flag became popular in the movement, which at the time received little media and social attention and was thus increasingly used by right-wing extremist and populist groups, which were met with criticism from various sides.[6][7][8] Due to its high presence at the Dresden Pegida demonstrations, the flag was also referred to as the "Pegida flag" in some media reports.[9][10][11]

Origin edit

Ottfried Neubecker's design edit

 
Proposal attributed to Ottfried Neubecker, 1926

In the booklet Die Reichseinheitsflagge ("The Unity Flag of the Reich"), the vexillologist Ottfried Neubecker proposed in 1926 a flag in the color sequence black-gold-red as a compromise in the dispute over the German national flag ("Flaggenstreit").[12] He made two proposals for this: firstly, a tricolour in this color sequence, and secondly, a red Nordic Cross, outlined in gold, on a black background.[13] This design also circulated as a Swallowtail as a proposal for a new Reichskriegsflagge ("imperial war flag").[14] It is believed that the Neubecker design may have influenced Wirmer later.[15]

Josef Wirmer's design edit

 
Proposal based on specifications by Ernst Wirmer

Like Neubecker, Josef Wirmer designed the flag named after him based on the Nordic cross flags. His favored color scheme was created by experimenting with the three basic colors. In his opinion, the Christian cross was the most suitable as a symbol of the new state.[16] The flag was to serve as a new national flag after the assassination of Adolf Hitler by Claus Schenk Graf von Stauffenberg and the takeover of government power by the bourgeois resistance groups involved, as they did not want to adopt the black-red-gold tricolour of the Weimar Republic.The colors, however, were intended to integrate the democratic forces, while the reference to the flags of the Scandinavian countries and the Christian symbolism were also intended to appeal to the conservative circles among the officers, who hated the Weimar Republic with its flag. Incidentally, the Wirmer design corrected the heraldic error in the color sequence of the tricolour. This violated the heraldic rule of tincture that between "colors" (here black and red) there must always be a "metal" (gold/yellow or silver/white). There is no evidence that Wirmer ever presented his design to the other conspirators.[16] The failure of the assassination attempt and the seizure of power prevented the implementation of the flag. Josef Wirmer was arrested, sentenced to death, and executed on 8 September 1944.

It is speculative that the flag had a similarity in design to the Reichskriegsflagge ("imperial war flag") and was thus also to find acceptance in the Wehrmacht. However, a report by Ernst Wirmer, Josef's younger brother, confirms this assumption. According to this report, Josef Wirmer had revised his design once again and added a thin black line between gold and red, which corresponds to the Balkenkreuz ("bar cross") of the German war flags.[16] The second design is repeatedly wrongly attributed to Ernst Wirmer himself.[17]

Later adaptations edit

Proposed national flag of the Federal Republic of Germany edit

 
Final proposal from the CDU, 1948

After World War II, the future national flag of the Federal Republic of Germany was discussed at the Constitutional Convention on Herrenchiemsee, which met between August 10 and 25, 1948. Although the participants agreed on the national colors black-red-gold, the shape of the national flag remained a point of contention. It was even emphasized that the choice of colors should not be equated with a return to the old tricolour of the Weimar Republic. The CDU, CSU and German Party feared that this would provoke a "disastrous flag dispute". Moreover, the Socialist Unity Party of Germany (SED) had already provided for the tricolour from 1919 as the flag of the GDR in its draft constitution of 22 November 1946. Ernst Wirmer, now a member of the Parlamentarischer Rat (Parliamentary Council), persuaded the delegates of the Union parties and the German Party to adopt his brother's second draft on 16 October 1948, and to propose it on 5 November, while the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD) preferred the old tricolour of the Weimar Republic which prevailed in the end.[18][19]

Another version of the "cross flag" was submitted by the CDU.[20] The bill's draft read: "The flag of the Federation shows a black cross lying on a red background with a superimposed golden cross." In December 1948, the Allensbach Institute for Public Opinion Research polled about 1,000 people in the three western zones about their preferences concerning a national flag. The tricolour of the Weimar Republic received 35 percent, 15 percent favored the "cross flag," 10 percent rejected both proposals, and 40 percent expressed indecision or disinterest.[18] The future President of Germany, Theodor Heuss considered the cross flag to be "graphic arts" and a "artificiality". In a poll in the Parliamentary Council, 25 percent of the members voted for a return to the black-red-gold tricolour in the tradition of the Weimar Republic, 35 percent had no opinion or abstained. The motion of the Union was rejected and the old tricolour was designated the new federal flag by a large majority.[21][22]

CDU and FDP party flags edit

 
CDU election poster from 1957 with black-red-gold coat of arms
 
FDP flag, 1952

At the party congress of 18–22 April 1953, the CDU adopted a cross flag as the party flag and escutcheon, based on Josef Wirmer's design. This no longer had the cross offset to the hoist in Scandinavian style, but centered with horizontal arms of equal length. In addition, a likewise centered golden eagle facing heraldically to the right spanned the motif.

The Young Union adopted as its symbol a badge with a color row like Neubecker's design: a red cross outlined in gold on a black background. There is evidence of frequent use until 1962, when the cross symbol disappeared. Thereafter, it continued to be used, presumably only for cost reasons, in the local and district associations until the 1970s.[23][24]

The FDP also adopted a party flag derived from the Wirmer flag at its party convention in Bad Ems in 1952. Its gold cross outlined in black on a red background retained the Scandinavian offset. On the cross rested an eagle with the party initials facing (heraldically) left. Its Saarland offshoot, the Democratic Party Saar (DPS), reversed the eagle's viewing direction to the (heraldic) right. It is speculated whether the heraldically wrong direction of the FDP eagle is a legacy of former NSDAP functionaries, who were numerously present in the young party. The NSDAP eagle also looked to the left - with the justification that the east was the geographical target of the "movement". The DPS justified the look to the right with the representation of the song "Die Wacht am Rhein" ("The Watch on the Rhine") towards the West.[25]

With the end of its use as a party symbol, the various cross flags in black-red-gold disappeared from everyday life. The Wirmer flag remained well known in vexillologist circles and appeared in corresponding publications.[26] For example, in 1981 the political scientist Theodor Eschenburg interviewed Ernst Wirmer about his brother's flag designs.[16] In the newspaper 'Ostpreußenblatt' issue of 31 October 1987, the Wirmer flag and its history were discussed by Harry S. Schurdel in the series "German National Flags".[27]

Usage by right-wing extremist and right-wing populist groups edit

 
Wirmer flags at a Pegida demonstration in Dresden (April 2015)

In 1999, Reinhold Oberlercher, as the thought leader of the neo-Nazi German College, with which the right-wing extremists Horst Mahler and Uwe Meenen are affiliated, proclaimed the Wirmer flag as the possible national flag of the "Fourth Reich" they aspire to. Through Horst Mahler, who proclaimed his Reich citizenship movement on 14 December 2003, the flag spread in the Reich citizenship milieu. Since then, the Wirmer flag has appeared more and more frequently at events of right-wing extremist and right-wing populist groups in Germany, such as the German Defence League,[28][29] Hogesa,[30] pro NRW,[31] and in large numbers at the weekly Pegida demonstrations in Dresden,[22] as a "neo-conservative battle sign".[28]

There are no legal restrictions on the Wirmer flag - unlike the Reichskriegsflagge ("imperial war flag"), which produces a similar effect, and which even in the version without the swastika can be seized by the police for "violation of public order".[32] On the blog Politically Incorrect (PI), classified as extremist and anti-constitutional by the Bavarian Ministry of the Interior,[33] the flag is seen as a symbol against alleged foreign domination by foreign countries. The Scandinavian cross would be a "commitment to Nordic cultural tradition" and the "response of resistance fighters to an un-Christian state."[30][34] Parts of the New Right see the flag as a sign of "Secret Germany".[29]

Writing in the newspaper Die Welt, Sven Felix Kellerhoff called the use of the flag by right-wing populists a "misjudgment" based "on fundamental historical ignorance." Josef Wirmer's son Anton expressed appalment. He said that it was basically the distortion of all the ideas that his father's flag represented. It is important, he added, "to clarify what the origin of the flag is and what ideas were associated with it. The Wirmer flag does not stand for an abstract concept of resistance. Above all, it stands for a free and tolerant society."[1] The Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung quotes Robert von Steinau-Steinrück, chairman of the 20 July 1944 Foundation, with the assessment that waving the Wirmer flag at extremist and xenophobic events mocks what Josef Wirmer stood for: a free and tolerant society.[35] In his article for the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, Jan Schlürmann writes about the Wirmer flag that this is an "expropriation of a venerable and traditional symbol of Christian democracy."[28]

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ a b Christina Hebel: Pegida und die Wirmer-Flagge: „Ich bin entsetzt“. In: Spiegel Online, 3. August 2015. Retrieved 19 October 2015.
  2. ^ Tagesspiegel: Warum die AfD keine konservative Partei ist, 9. September 2016, Retrieved 15 March 2018.
  3. ^ Andreas Speit (Hg.): Reichsbürger. Die unterschätzte Gefahr, Berlin 2017, p. 24.
  4. ^ Die Fahne – weht!
  5. ^ . Archived from the original on 2 June 2004. Retrieved 5 June 2022.
  6. ^ Wirmer-Flagge Pegida und das Symbol der Hitler-Attentäter, Süddeutsche Zeitung 3 August 2015
  7. ^ Geschichte Schwarz-Rot-Gold Pegida maßt sich das Erbe des 20. Juli an, von Sven Felix Kellerhoff, Die Welt 20 January 2015
  8. ^ Symbolik bei Demos Warum bei Pegida die Kreuz-Fahne weht, von Christina Hebel, Der Spiegel 29 July 2015
  9. ^ Ein rechtes Rätsel, Der Spiegel 20 February 2016
  10. ^ „Auge um Auge“ MDR schneidet Pegida-Fahne aus Dresden-„Tatort“, Mitteldeutsche Zeitung 26 October 2017
  11. ^ Panne beim MDR Weil Pegida-Anhänger auftauchen: Dresdner „Tatort“ muss umgeschnitten werden Focus 27 October 2017
  12. ^ Arnold Rabbow: Ottfried Neubecker wird 100. flaggenkunde.de, 22 March 2008. Retrieved 3 November 2015.
  13. ^ Jan Schlürmann 2015, pp. 333–334.
  14. ^ Proposals for a German national flag 1919–1933 (page 5) – Perhaps the work of Ottfried Neubecker. In: Flags of the World, Retrieved 3 November 2015.
  15. ^ Jan Schlürmann 2015, p. 334.
  16. ^ a b c d Jan Schlürmann 2015, p. 337.
  17. ^ Josef Wirmer’s „Resistance Flag“ proposal 1944. In: Flags of the World, Retrieved 19 October 2015.
  18. ^ a b Jan Schlürmann 2015, p. 338.
  19. ^ Bundeszentrale für politische Bildung: Ernst Wirmer (CDU). Retrieved 10 September 2016.
  20. ^ Flagmaster. In: The Flag Institute Bulletin, Nr. 77, 1994, S. 8/9.
  21. ^ Peter Reichel: Schwarz – Rot – Gold. Kleine Geschichte deutscher Nationalsymbole nach 1945. C. H. Beck, München 2005, ISBN 3-406-53514-3.
  22. ^ a b Sven Felix Kellerhoff: Pegida maßt sich das Erbe des 20. Juli an. In: Die Welt, 20 January 2015. Retrieved 19 October 2015.
  23. ^ Jan Schlürmann 2015, p. 340.
  24. ^ Christian Democratic Union 1953–c1970 (Germany). In: Flags of the World, Retrieved 19 October 2015.
  25. ^ Jan Schlürmann 2015, pp. 340–341.
  26. ^ Jan Schlürmann 2015, p. 341.
  27. ^ Harry D. Schurdel: „Symbol der Freiheitsidee. Die geschichtliche Entwicklung der Farben in Deutschland“, Teil V der Serie „Deutsche Nationalflaggen“ in Ostpreußenblatt 31 October 1987, p. 10. online edition (PDF, 13,5 MB)
  28. ^ a b c Jan Schlürmann 2015, p. 342.
  29. ^ a b Christina Hebel: Symbolik bei Demos: Warum bei Pegida die Kreuz-Fahne weht. In: Spiegel Online, 29 July 2015.
  30. ^ a b Pegida und das Symbol der Hitler-Attentäter. In: Süddeutsche Zeitung, 3 August 2015. Retrieved 19 October 2015.
  31. ^ Carsten Stoffel: Solingen: ProNRW und die geheimnisvolle Flagge. 17 October 2015 at the Wayback Machine In: Solinger Bote, Retrieved 19 October 2015.
  32. ^ Verbotene Kennzeichen rechtsextremistischer Organisationen 22 September 2015 at the Wayback Machine (PDF). Verfassungsschutz Brandenburg, Retrieved 22 October 2015.
  33. ^ „Die Freiheit“ und PI gelten in Bayern als verfassungsfeindlich. In: Süddeutsche Zeitung, 12. April 2013. Retrieved 26 October 2015.
  34. ^ Service: Was ist das eigentlich immer für eine Fahne mit Kreuz bei Pegida und Co.? In: Netz gegen Nazis, 12 January 2015. Retrieved 19 October 2015.
  35. ^ Matthias Gafke: Wie sich Rechtspopulisten zu Widerstandskämpfern stilisieren In: F.A.Z., 7. September 2016, Retrieved 7 September 2016.

Further reading edit

  • Arnold Rabbow: A Flag Against Hitler. The 1944 National Flag Proposal of the German Resistance Movement, in: The Flag Bulletin, XXII:3–4, No. 100 (May–August 1983), Ottfried Neubecker Festschrift, Hg. vom Flag Research Center, Winchester MA, ISSN 0015-3370, pp. 167–181.
  • Arnold Rabbow: Christlich-Demokratische Union, in: dtv-Lexikon politischer Symbole, München: 1970, pp. 53–54.
  • Arnold Rabbow: Visuelle Symbole als Erscheinung der nicht-verbalen Publizistik (= Arbeiten aus dem Institut für Publizistik der Universität Münster; Bd. 3), Münster: 1968, zugl. Phil. Diss., pp. 267–291.
  • Jan Schlürmann: Die „Wirmer-Flagge“ – die wechselhafte Geschichte eines vergessenen Symbols der deutschen Christlichen Demokratie, in: Historisch-Politische Mitteilungen. Archiv für Christlich-Demokratische Politik 22 (2015), pp. 331–342.
    • Die Wirmer-Flagge, ihre Vorläufer und Ableitungen 1926/44–2015.

External links edit

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Wirmer-Flagge.
  • Flags of the World: Josef Wirmer’s “Resistance Flag” proposal 1944
  • Flags of the World: Free Democratic Party: Flags in the 1950s (Germany)

January 01, 1970
wirmer, flag, german, wirmer, flagge, also, known, commercially, flag, german, resistance, july, stauffenberg, flag, design, josef, wirmer, wirmer, resistance, fighter, against, nazi, regime, part, july, plot, according, idea, flag, become, flag, germany, afte. The Wirmer Flag German Wirmer Flagge also known commercially as the flag of German Resistance 20 July or the Stauffenberg flag 1 2 is a design by Josef Wirmer Wirmer was a resistance fighter against the Nazi Regime and part of the 20 July plot According to his idea the flag was to become the new flag of Germany after the successful assassination attempt against Hitler and the transfer of power to the conspirators First discussed by the Parlamentarischer Rat Parliamentary Council in 1948 49 as the federal flag the design served in modified form as the party flag of the Christian Democratic Union of Germany CDU from 1953 until around 1970 and as the model for the Free Democratic Party s FDP party symbol The flag then disappeared from public perception Wirmer FlagWirmer FlaggeUseProposed German National Flag after the assassination attempt of Adolf Hitler 1944Proportion3 5DesignA red field charged with a gold fimbriated black Nordic cross that extends to the edges Designed byJosef Wirmer In 1999 Reinhold Oberlercher the thought leader of the Neo Nazi German College Deutsches Kolleg declared the flag to be that of the Fourth Reich 3 4 aspired to by the college in his revised draft constitution of 9 November 1999 it became the college s flag The German college also included Horst Mahler who published the proclamation of the Reichsburger movement on 14 December 2003 5 As a result the flag became popular in the movement which at the time received little media and social attention and was thus increasingly used by right wing extremist and populist groups which were met with criticism from various sides 6 7 8 Due to its high presence at the Dresden Pegida demonstrations the flag was also referred to as the Pegida flag in some media reports 9 10 11 Contents 1 Origin 1 1 Ottfried Neubecker s design 1 2 Josef Wirmer s design 2 Later adaptations 2 1 Proposed national flag of the Federal Republic of Germany 2 2 CDU and FDP party flags 2 3 Usage by right wing extremist and right wing populist groups 3 See also 4 References 5 Further reading 6 External linksOrigin editOttfried Neubecker s design edit nbsp Proposal attributed to Ottfried Neubecker 1926 In the booklet Die Reichseinheitsflagge The Unity Flag of the Reich the vexillologist Ottfried Neubecker proposed in 1926 a flag in the color sequence black gold red as a compromise in the dispute over the German national flag Flaggenstreit 12 He made two proposals for this firstly a tricolour in this color sequence and secondly a red Nordic Cross outlined in gold on a black background 13 This design also circulated as a Swallowtail as a proposal for a new Reichskriegsflagge imperial war flag 14 It is believed that the Neubecker design may have influenced Wirmer later 15 Josef Wirmer s design edit nbsp Proposal based on specifications by Ernst Wirmer Like Neubecker Josef Wirmer designed the flag named after him based on the Nordic cross flags His favored color scheme was created by experimenting with the three basic colors In his opinion the Christian cross was the most suitable as a symbol of the new state 16 The flag was to serve as a new national flag after the assassination of Adolf Hitler by Claus Schenk Graf von Stauffenberg and the takeover of government power by the bourgeois resistance groups involved as they did not want to adopt the black red gold tricolour of the Weimar Republic The colors however were intended to integrate the democratic forces while the reference to the flags of the Scandinavian countries and the Christian symbolism were also intended to appeal to the conservative circles among the officers who hated the Weimar Republic with its flag Incidentally the Wirmer design corrected the heraldic error in the color sequence of the tricolour This violated the heraldic rule of tincture that between colors here black and red there must always be a metal gold yellow or silver white There is no evidence that Wirmer ever presented his design to the other conspirators 16 The failure of the assassination attempt and the seizure of power prevented the implementation of the flag Josef Wirmer was arrested sentenced to death and executed on 8 September 1944 It is speculative that the flag had a similarity in design to the Reichskriegsflagge imperial war flag and was thus also to find acceptance in the Wehrmacht However a report by Ernst Wirmer Josef s younger brother confirms this assumption According to this report Josef Wirmer had revised his design once again and added a thin black line between gold and red which corresponds to the Balkenkreuz bar cross of the German war flags 16 The second design is repeatedly wrongly attributed to Ernst Wirmer himself 17 Later adaptations editProposed national flag of the Federal Republic of Germany edit nbsp Final proposal from the CDU 1948 After World War II the future national flag of the Federal Republic of Germany was discussed at the Constitutional Convention on Herrenchiemsee which met between August 10 and 25 1948 Although the participants agreed on the national colors black red gold the shape of the national flag remained a point of contention It was even emphasized that the choice of colors should not be equated with a return to the old tricolour of the Weimar Republic The CDU CSU and German Party feared that this would provoke a disastrous flag dispute Moreover the Socialist Unity Party of Germany SED had already provided for the tricolour from 1919 as the flag of the GDR in its draft constitution of 22 November 1946 Ernst Wirmer now a member of the Parlamentarischer Rat Parliamentary Council persuaded the delegates of the Union parties and the German Party to adopt his brother s second draft on 16 October 1948 and to propose it on 5 November while the Social Democratic Party of Germany SPD preferred the old tricolour of the Weimar Republic which prevailed in the end 18 19 Another version of the cross flag was submitted by the CDU 20 The bill s draft read The flag of the Federation shows a black cross lying on a red background with a superimposed golden cross In December 1948 the Allensbach Institute for Public Opinion Research polled about 1 000 people in the three western zones about their preferences concerning a national flag The tricolour of the Weimar Republic received 35 percent 15 percent favored the cross flag 10 percent rejected both proposals and 40 percent expressed indecision or disinterest 18 The future President of Germany Theodor Heuss considered the cross flag to be graphic arts and a artificiality In a poll in the Parliamentary Council 25 percent of the members voted for a return to the black red gold tricolour in the tradition of the Weimar Republic 35 percent had no opinion or abstained The motion of the Union was rejected and the old tricolour was designated the new federal flag by a large majority 21 22 CDU and FDP party flags edit nbsp CDU election poster from 1957 with black red gold coat of arms nbsp FDP flag 1952 At the party congress of 18 22 April 1953 the CDU adopted a cross flag as the party flag and escutcheon based on Josef Wirmer s design This no longer had the cross offset to the hoist in Scandinavian style but centered with horizontal arms of equal length In addition a likewise centered golden eagle facing heraldically to the right spanned the motif The Young Union adopted as its symbol a badge with a color row like Neubecker s design a red cross outlined in gold on a black background There is evidence of frequent use until 1962 when the cross symbol disappeared Thereafter it continued to be used presumably only for cost reasons in the local and district associations until the 1970s 23 24 The FDP also adopted a party flag derived from the Wirmer flag at its party convention in Bad Ems in 1952 Its gold cross outlined in black on a red background retained the Scandinavian offset On the cross rested an eagle with the party initials facing heraldically left Its Saarland offshoot the Democratic Party Saar DPS reversed the eagle s viewing direction to the heraldic right It is speculated whether the heraldically wrong direction of the FDP eagle is a legacy of former NSDAP functionaries who were numerously present in the young party The NSDAP eagle also looked to the left with the justification that the east was the geographical target of the movement The DPS justified the look to the right with the representation of the song Die Wacht am Rhein The Watch on the Rhine towards the West 25 With the end of its use as a party symbol the various cross flags in black red gold disappeared from everyday life The Wirmer flag remained well known in vexillologist circles and appeared in corresponding publications 26 For example in 1981 the political scientist Theodor Eschenburg interviewed Ernst Wirmer about his brother s flag designs 16 In the newspaper Ostpreussenblatt issue of 31 October 1987 the Wirmer flag and its history were discussed by Harry S Schurdel in the series German National Flags 27 Usage by right wing extremist and right wing populist groups edit nbsp Wirmer flags at a Pegida demonstration in Dresden April 2015 In 1999 Reinhold Oberlercher as the thought leader of the neo Nazi German College with which the right wing extremists Horst Mahler and Uwe Meenen are affiliated proclaimed the Wirmer flag as the possible national flag of the Fourth Reich they aspire to Through Horst Mahler who proclaimed his Reich citizenship movement on 14 December 2003 the flag spread in the Reich citizenship milieu Since then the Wirmer flag has appeared more and more frequently at events of right wing extremist and right wing populist groups in Germany such as the German Defence League 28 29 Hogesa 30 pro NRW 31 and in large numbers at the weekly Pegida demonstrations in Dresden 22 as a neo conservative battle sign 28 There are no legal restrictions on the Wirmer flag unlike the Reichskriegsflagge imperial war flag which produces a similar effect and which even in the version without the swastika can be seized by the police for violation of public order 32 On the blog Politically Incorrect PI classified as extremist and anti constitutional by the Bavarian Ministry of the Interior 33 the flag is seen as a symbol against alleged foreign domination by foreign countries The Scandinavian cross would be a commitment to Nordic cultural tradition and the response of resistance fighters to an un Christian state 30 34 Parts of the New Right see the flag as a sign of Secret Germany 29 Writing in the newspaper Die Welt Sven Felix Kellerhoff called the use of the flag by right wing populists a misjudgment based on fundamental historical ignorance Josef Wirmer s son Anton expressed appalment He said that it was basically the distortion of all the ideas that his father s flag represented It is important he added to clarify what the origin of the flag is and what ideas were associated with it The Wirmer flag does not stand for an abstract concept of resistance Above all it stands for a free and tolerant society 1 The Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung quotes Robert von Steinau Steinruck chairman of the 20 July 1944 Foundation with the assessment that waving the Wirmer flag at extremist and xenophobic events mocks what Josef Wirmer stood for a free and tolerant society 35 In his article for the Konrad Adenauer Foundation Jan Schlurmann writes about the Wirmer flag that this is an expropriation of a venerable and traditional symbol of Christian democracy 28 See also editHistoric flag proposals for Germany Proposed Designs for the Flag of GermanyReferences edit a b Christina Hebel Pegida und die Wirmer Flagge Ich bin entsetzt In Spiegel Online 3 August 2015 Retrieved 19 October 2015 Tagesspiegel Warum die AfD keine konservative Partei ist 9 September 2016 Retrieved 15 March 2018 Andreas Speit Hg Reichsburger Die unterschatzte Gefahr Berlin 2017 p 24 Die Fahne weht Verkundigung der Reichsburgerbewegung Archived from the original on 2 June 2004 Retrieved 5 June 2022 Wirmer Flagge Pegida und das Symbol der Hitler Attentater Suddeutsche Zeitung 3 August 2015 Geschichte Schwarz Rot Gold Pegida masst sich das Erbe des 20 Juli an von Sven Felix Kellerhoff Die Welt 20 January 2015 Symbolik bei Demos Warum bei Pegida die Kreuz Fahne weht von Christina Hebel Der Spiegel 29 July 2015 Ein rechtes Ratsel Der Spiegel 20 February 2016 Auge um Auge MDR schneidet Pegida Fahne aus Dresden Tatort Mitteldeutsche Zeitung 26 October 2017 Panne beim MDR Weil Pegida Anhanger auftauchen Dresdner Tatort muss umgeschnitten werden Focus 27 October 2017 Arnold Rabbow Ottfried Neubecker wird 100 flaggenkunde de 22 March 2008 Retrieved 3 November 2015 Jan Schlurmann 2015 pp 333 334 Proposals for a German national flag 1919 1933 page 5 Perhaps the work of Ottfried Neubecker In Flags of the World Retrieved 3 November 2015 Jan Schlurmann 2015 p 334 a b c d Jan Schlurmann 2015 p 337 Josef Wirmer s Resistance Flag proposal 1944 In Flags of the World Retrieved 19 October 2015 a b Jan Schlurmann 2015 p 338 Bundeszentrale fur politische Bildung Ernst Wirmer CDU Retrieved 10 September 2016 Flagmaster In The Flag Institute Bulletin Nr 77 1994 S 8 9 Peter Reichel Schwarz Rot Gold Kleine Geschichte deutscher Nationalsymbole nach 1945 C H Beck Munchen 2005 ISBN 3 406 53514 3 a b Sven Felix Kellerhoff Pegida masst sich das Erbe des 20 Juli an In Die Welt 20 January 2015 Retrieved 19 October 2015 Jan Schlurmann 2015 p 340 Christian Democratic Union 1953 c1970 Germany In Flags of the World Retrieved 19 October 2015 Jan Schlurmann 2015 pp 340 341 Jan Schlurmann 2015 p 341 Harry D Schurdel Symbol der Freiheitsidee Die geschichtliche Entwicklung der Farben in Deutschland Teil V der Serie Deutsche Nationalflaggen in Ostpreussenblatt 31 October 1987 p 10 online edition PDF 13 5 MB a b c Jan Schlurmann 2015 p 342 a b Christina Hebel Symbolik bei Demos Warum bei Pegida die Kreuz Fahne weht In Spiegel Online 29 July 2015 a b Pegida und das Symbol der Hitler Attentater In Suddeutsche Zeitung 3 August 2015 Retrieved 19 October 2015 Carsten Stoffel Solingen ProNRW und die geheimnisvolle Flagge Archived 17 October 2015 at the Wayback Machine In Solinger Bote Retrieved 19 October 2015 Verbotene Kennzeichen rechtsextremistischer Organisationen Archived 22 September 2015 at the Wayback Machine PDF Verfassungsschutz Brandenburg Retrieved 22 October 2015 Die Freiheit und PI gelten in Bayern als verfassungsfeindlich In Suddeutsche Zeitung 12 April 2013 Retrieved 26 October 2015 Service Was ist das eigentlich immer fur eine Fahne mit Kreuz bei Pegida und Co In Netz gegen Nazis 12 January 2015 Retrieved 19 October 2015 Matthias Gafke Wie sich Rechtspopulisten zu Widerstandskampfern stilisieren In F A Z 7 September 2016 Retrieved 7 September 2016 Further reading editArnold Rabbow A Flag Against Hitler The 1944 National Flag Proposal of the German Resistance Movement in The Flag Bulletin XXII 3 4 No 100 May August 1983 Ottfried Neubecker Festschrift Hg vom Flag Research Center Winchester MA ISSN 0015 3370 pp 167 181 Arnold Rabbow Christlich Demokratische Union in dtv Lexikon politischer Symbole Munchen 1970 pp 53 54 Arnold Rabbow Visuelle Symbole als Erscheinung der nicht verbalen Publizistik Arbeiten aus dem Institut fur Publizistik der Universitat Munster Bd 3 Munster 1968 zugl Phil Diss pp 267 291 Jan Schlurmann Die Wirmer Flagge die wechselhafte Geschichte eines vergessenen Symbols der deutschen Christlichen Demokratie in Historisch Politische Mitteilungen Archiv fur Christlich Demokratische Politik 22 2015 pp 331 342 Die Wirmer Flagge ihre Vorlaufer und Ableitungen 1926 44 2015 External links edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Wirmer Flagge Flags of the World Josef Wirmer s Resistance Flag proposal 1944 Flags of the World Free Democratic Party Flags in the 1950s Germany Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Wirmer Flag amp oldid 1220300473, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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