Winter sports or winter activities are competitive sports or non-competitive recreational activities which are played on snow or ice.[1] Most are variations of skiing, ice skating and sledding. Traditionally, such games were only played in cold areas during winter, but artificial snow and artificial ice allow more flexibility. Playing areas and fields consist of either snow or ice.
Artificial ice can be used to provide ice rinks for ice skating, ice hockey, para ice hockey, ringette, broomball, bandy, rink bandy, rinkball, and spongee in a milder climate. The sport of speed skating uses a frozen circular track of ice, but in some facilities the track is combined in an enclosed area used for sports requiring an ice rink or the rink itself is used. Alternatively, ice cross downhill uses a track with various levels of elevation and a combination of bends. Long distance skating (a.k.a. "marathon skating") such as tour skating is only performed outdoors and uses the available natural ice from frozen lakes, ponds, and marshes. Tour skating at times includes speed skaters, though tour skates are more common.
Common team sports include ice hockey, ringette, broomball (on either an indoor ice rink, or an outdoor ice rink or field of snow), curling, rinkball, and bandy. Based on the number of participants, ice hockey is the world's most popular winter team sport, followed by bandy.[2]
Snow and ice during the winter time has enabled sliding as a means of transportation, using sledges, skis and skates. This also led to different pastimes and sports being developed in the winter season as compared to other times of the year. Naturally, winter sports are more popular in countries with longer winter seasons.
In the early days of the Olympics there was not much differentiation between the summer and winter games. These confusions would span from around the late 1890s until the early to mid 1900s. During this time, some sports considered to be winter sports and played or performed during the Olympic Winter Games today, would be held during the Olympic Summer Games. It was originally wanted to keep all of the Olympic sports together under one event and program, but due to environmental demands of some sports, it had to be separated.[5]
While most winter sports are played outside, ice hockey, speed skating and to some extent bandy have moved indoors starting in the mid-20th century. Indoor ice rinks with artificial ice allow ice skating and hockey to be played in hot climates.
Note: the Olympic rings next to a sport indicates that this particular sport is included in the Winter Olympic Games, as of the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi. The Paralympic logo indicates the same for a sport not in the Olympics but in the Winter Paralympic Games.
^"winter sports, noun". Chambers 21st Century Dictionary. Retrieved 22 February 2010.
^. Archived from the original on 17 October 2018. Retrieved 17 January 2018.
^Potter, Everett (21 November 2019). "St Moritz, The Birthplace Of Winter Sports". Forbes. Retrieved 4 March 2022. You can make a strong case that the origins of modern winter sports lie here, starting in the 1860's with hotelier Johannes Badrutt, who welcomed a steady stream of well-heeled British guests to his small Kulm Hotel.
^Ben Cocking (2020). Travel Journalism and Travel Media: Identities, Places and Imaginings. Springer Nature. p. 9. ISBN9781137599087. The launching of the Cook excursions in Britain (1841), the appearance of the first Baedekker guide (1843), the inauguration of a winter "season" in Saint Moritz (1864), the creation of Yellowstone (1877): these were the important markers of its growth path [mass tourism].
^Martínková, Irena; Parry, Jim (27 November 2020). "Olympic Winter Games, 'Cold Sports', and Inclusive Values". The International Journal of the History of Sport. 37 (13): 1236–1251. doi:10.1080/09523367.2020.1860942. ISSN 0952-3367. S2CID 233215108.
^Bradford, Nick (2019) The Future of Winter Sports and Recreation National Environmental Education Foundation
^Bürki, Rolf (2003) Climate Change and Winter Sports: Environmental and Economic Threats CIPRA.org
^"Cross country for the Winter Olympics". Retrieved 26 July 2016.
^"Snow Golf". Strictly Snow Games. Retrieved 21 January 2017.
^"Snow golf means joys, laughter and feast in Chitral". 6 February 2019.
^. Archived from the original on 27 July 2021. Retrieved 8 October 2023.
^"Snow Bowling". Strictly Snow Games. Retrieved 21 January 2017.
Dier, J. C. (ed.) (1912) The Book of Winter Sports, an attempt to catch the spirit of the keen joys of the winter season The Macmillan Company
Jessup, Elon Huntington (1923) Snow and ice sports: a winter manual E. P. Dutton & Co.
Cereghini, Mario (1955) Five Thousand Years of Winter Sports Edizioni del Milione
Liebers, Arthur (1971) The Complete Book of Winter Sports NY: Coward, McCann & Geoghegan
"Winter Sports: Sport guides". BBC Online. 20 February 2010. Retrieved 22 February 2010.
External linksedit
Look up winter sports in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
Media related to Winter sports at Wikimedia Commons
Winter sports travel guide from Wikivoyage
February 16, 2024
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Winter sports or winter activities are competitive sports or non competitive recreational activities which are played on snow or ice 1 Most are variations of skiing ice skating and sledding Traditionally such games were only played in cold areas during winter but artificial snow and artificial ice allow more flexibility Playing areas and fields consist of either snow or ice Several winter sports Left to right top to bottom bobsleigh curling figure skating ice hockey skiing and snowboarding Artificial ice can be used to provide ice rinks for ice skating ice hockey para ice hockey ringette broomball bandy rink bandy rinkball and spongee in a milder climate The sport of speed skating uses a frozen circular track of ice but in some facilities the track is combined in an enclosed area used for sports requiring an ice rink or the rink itself is used Alternatively ice cross downhill uses a track with various levels of elevation and a combination of bends Long distance skating a k a marathon skating such as tour skating is only performed outdoors and uses the available natural ice from frozen lakes ponds and marshes Tour skating at times includes speed skaters though tour skates are more common Common individual sports include cross country skiing alpine skiing snowboarding ski jumping speed skating figure skating luge skeleton bobsleigh ski orienteering and snowmobiling Common team sports include ice hockey ringette broomball on either an indoor ice rink or an outdoor ice rink or field of snow curling rinkball and bandy Based on the number of participants ice hockey is the world s most popular winter team sport followed by bandy 2 Winter sports at times have their own multi sport events such as the Winter Olympic Games and the Winter Universiade Contents 1 History 2 List of winter sports 2 1 Ice skating 2 2 Skiing 2 3 Sledding 2 4 Snowboarding 2 5 Snowmobiling 2 6 Team sports 2 7 Other sports 2 8 Recreational sports 3 Notable winter sporting events 4 World Cup 5 World championships 6 See also 7 References 7 1 Citations 7 2 Sources 8 External linksHistory edit nbsp Skating in the 17th centurySnow and ice during the winter time has enabled sliding as a means of transportation using sledges skis and skates This also led to different pastimes and sports being developed in the winter season as compared to other times of the year Naturally winter sports are more popular in countries with longer winter seasons nbsp 1901 Davos travel posterIn the European Alps St Moritz became a popular winter resort in 1864 3 4 In the early days of the Olympics there was not much differentiation between the summer and winter games These confusions would span from around the late 1890s until the early to mid 1900s During this time some sports considered to be winter sports and played or performed during the Olympic Winter Games today would be held during the Olympic Summer Games It was originally wanted to keep all of the Olympic sports together under one event and program but due to environmental demands of some sports it had to be separated 5 While most winter sports are played outside ice hockey speed skating and to some extent bandy have moved indoors starting in the mid 20th century Indoor ice rinks with artificial ice allow ice skating and hockey to be played in hot climates Outdoor winter sports will likely be severely impacted because of climate change in the next century 6 7 List of winter sports editNote the Olympic rings next to a sport indicates that this particular sport is included in the Winter Olympic Games as of the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi The Paralympic logo indicates the same for a sport not in the Olympics but in the Winter Paralympic Games Ice skating edit Figure skating nbsp Short track speed skating nbsp Speed skating nbsp Skiing edit nbsp United States biathlete Jeremy Teela at the 2002 Winter Olympics nbsp Ski jumping at Salpausselka in Lahti Finland in 2010Acroski no longer part of the Winter Olympics nbsp Alpine skiing nbsp Biathlon nbsp Cross country skiing nbsp Downhill skiing Freestyle skiing nbsp Jack Jumping Mogul skiing nbsp Monoskiing Newschool skiing Nordic combined nbsp Ski archery Skiboarding Skibob Skijoring Ski jumping nbsp Ski mountaineering nbsp Ski orienteering Snowkiting Speed skiing Speed riding Telemark skiing Winter pentathlon Ski BASE JumpingSledding edit nbsp An East German bobsleigh in 1951 Oberhof track GermanySports that use sleds going down ice tracks or pulled by something Bobsled nbsp Dogsled racing Ice blocking Luge nbsp Skeleton nbsp Wok racingSnowboarding edit Alpine snowboarding nbsp Boardercross nbsp Slalom nbsp Snowskating Slopestyle nbsp Snowmobiling edit nbsp A snowmobile tour at Yellowstone National Park Free style Snocross Recreation Cross country Hill climbingTeam sports edit nbsp Based on the number of participating athletes bandy is the second most popular winter sport in the world for menBandy Broomball Curling nbsp Ice hockey nbsp Ice sledge hockey nbsp Ice stock sport Military patrol Moscow broomball Para ice hockey Ringette Rinkball Rink bandy Snow baseball Snow rugby Snow snake Snow volleyball Spongee a k a Sponge hockey Synchronized skating Yukigassen competitive snowball fight Other sports edit Cold weather biking Barrel jumping discipline of speed skating Ice canoeing Ice climbing Ice cricket Ice cross downhill Ice racing Ice speedway Snowbiking Tour skating Snow drifting 8 Snow golf 9 not to be confused with Crackgar indigenous Kalash snow golf Recreational sports edit nbsp SnowmanSome sports are competed in or simply enjoyed on a more casual basis often by children Crackgar indigenous Kalash snow golf 10 Ice boating or ice sailing Ice fishing SheenAab Jung 11 Jammu and Kashmir Snow Fighting Tobogganing Snow bowling 12 Notable winter sporting events editWinter Olympic Games Nordic Games World Cup Arctic Winter Games Asian Winter Games Winter Paralympic Games Winter Universiade Winter Dew Tour Winter X Games Winter X Games EuropeWorld Cup editBandy World Cup Biathlon World Cup Bobsleigh World Cup FIS Alpine Ski World Cup FIS Cross Country World Cup FIS Freestyle Skiing World Cup FIS Nordic Combined World Cup FIS Ski Jumping World Cup FIS Snowboard World Cup Luge World Cup Short Track Speed Skating World Cup Skeleton World Cup toboggan Speed Skating World Cup World Cup in Ski OrienteeringWorld championships editIce Hockey World Championships Curling World Championships Bandy World Championships Biathlon World Championships Bobsleigh World Championships FIS Alpine World Ski Championships FIS Freestyle World Ski Championships FIS Nordic World Ski Championships cross country skiing ski jumping and nordic combined FIS Snowboarding World Championships FIL World Luge Artificial Track Championships FIL World Luge Natural Track Championships FIS Ski Flying World Championships World Figure Skating Championships World Ringette Championships World Long Track Speed Skating Championships World Short Track Speed Skating Championships Skeleton World Championships toboggan World Ski Orienteering ChampionshipsSee also editWinter carnival Outline of sports Outdoor activityReferences editCitations edit winter sports noun Chambers 21st Century Dictionary Retrieved 22 February 2010 Bandy destined for the Olympic Winter Games Archived from the original on 17 October 2018 Retrieved 17 January 2018 Potter Everett 21 November 2019 St Moritz The Birthplace Of Winter Sports Forbes Retrieved 4 March 2022 You can make a strong case that the origins of modern winter sports lie here starting in the 1860 s with hotelier Johannes Badrutt who welcomed a steady stream of well heeled British guests to his small Kulm Hotel Ben Cocking 2020 Travel Journalism and Travel Media Identities Places and Imaginings Springer Nature p 9 ISBN 9781137599087 The launching of the Cook excursions in Britain 1841 the appearance of the first Baedekker guide 1843 the inauguration of a winter season in Saint Moritz 1864 the creation of Yellowstone 1877 these were the important markers of its growth path mass tourism Martinkova Irena Parry Jim 27 November 2020 Olympic Winter Games Cold Sports and Inclusive Values The International Journal of the History of Sport 37 13 1236 1251 doi 10 1080 09523367 2020 1860942 ISSN 0952 3367 S2CID 233215108 Bradford Nick 2019 The Future of Winter Sports and Recreation National Environmental Education Foundation Burki Rolf 2003 Climate Change and Winter Sports Environmental and Economic Threats CIPRA org Cross country for the Winter Olympics Retrieved 26 July 2016 Snow Golf Strictly Snow Games Retrieved 21 January 2017 Snow golf means joys laughter and feast in Chitral 6 February 2019 World SheenAab Jung Federation Archived from the original on 27 July 2021 Retrieved 8 October 2023 Snow Bowling Strictly Snow Games Retrieved 21 January 2017 Sources edit Syers Edgar Syers Madge eds 1908 The Book of Winter Sports London Edward Arnold OCLC 4531800 Dier J C ed 1912 The Book of Winter Sports an attempt to catch the spirit of the keen joys of the winter season The Macmillan Company Jessup Elon Huntington 1923 Snow and ice sports a winter manual E P Dutton amp Co Cereghini Mario 1955 Five Thousand Years of Winter Sports Edizioni del Milione Liebers Arthur 1971 The Complete Book of Winter Sports NY Coward McCann amp Geoghegan Winter Sports Sport guides BBC Online 20 February 2010 Retrieved 22 February 2010 External links edit nbsp Look up winter sports in Wiktionary the free dictionary nbsp Media related to Winter sports at Wikimedia Commons nbsp Winter sports travel guide from Wikivoyage Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Winter sports amp oldid 1182023427, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
