Although Austria is a landlocked country with a distinguished hilly topography, meteorological preconditions permit the utilization of wind power. First calculations on the basis of wind measuring data assessed at the meteorological stations in the early 1980s rendered the surprising result of annually approx. 6,600 to 10,000 gigawatt-hour (GWh) of technically exploitable wind energy potential in Austria.[1]
Austria ranked as the world's seventeenth largest producer of wind power with an installed nameplate capacity of 995 megawatt (MW) in 2008, behind Ireland and ahead of Greece.[2]
Back in the 1980s, there were huge private wind measurements and experiments with smaller plants. In 1994, initiated by Councilor Waltner, 110 kilowatt (kW) wind turbine was set up in St. Pölten. Another wind turbine was put into operation six months later in Zistersdorf. In 1995, the first wind turbine was built with civic participation in Michelbach.
In January 1996, the first turbine of the type E-40 with 500 kW was placed in Eberschwang. Not only the absolute largest wind turbines were placed there, but with two plants the first „wind farm“ was established. In the course of 1996, no signs of new funding arrangements had emerged. It led by the end of the year in a panic reaction from the first „boom“ for wind power.
36 wind turbines with 12 MW and an annual total of 18 million kW of work hours had been set up between New Year's Day and New Year's Eve.[3] After 1996, there were, only in exceptional cases, economic conditions for individual projects, including the wind park in Zurndorf with six plants.
The pressure of individual countries and the idea that desired objectives could be reached nationwide cheaper than by any nation-state alone resulted into negotiations between federal and state governments to a new nationwide Green Electricity Act 2002 (Ökostromgesetz 2002) in spring 2002.
Wind turbines with a capacity of a total of 276 MW were built in 2003. The plant output tripled from 139 MW (end 2002) to 415 MW (end 2003) within a year.[3]
Economics
Life span of wind turbines
According to manufacturers, the life span of wind turbines amounts to 25 years.[4] Important influences on the life span are site specific (wind speed, storms, icing conditions) and the quality of the maintenance of the turbines.
External costs
External costs are not a part of the investment and operation costs, and are paid by the tax payer and therefore by the public. Examples of external costs for fossil fuel and nuclear electricity production are political and military securing of the access to these energy sources, costs of green house gas emissions, cleaning up of spilled oil, police operations during the transporting of nuclear wastes and other similar activities. Negative external costs arise from wind turbines' impact on landscape aesthetics, animal habitats, increased mortality of bats and birds, noise, and flickering. However, wind power also has positive external effects on power system operation and through the mitigation of air pollution. The hidden costs of wind power in Austria are currently not quantified.
Property for wind turbines
Most of the property owners are farmers. They have an additional source of income by leasing their land to the wind park operator. The prices paid for property leases for wind turbines are many times more than would normally be earned by farming the property.
A wind turbine needs an area of up to 500 square metres (5,382 square feet) and the rest of the property can still be farmed without any problem.[4] A wind turbine can also be easily and quickly dismantled.
Costs of electricity production
According to the costs for infrastructure, a kW of installed capacity costs between €880 and €1,487 (Windpark Handalm). (At the Tauernwindpark a kW costs €1,240 ).[4]
Installed capacity growth
The table shows an annual increase in installed wind power capacity.[5]
Production of wind power does not release any pollutants. A wind park with 6 MW installed capacity will reduce approximately the following emissions yearly:[6]
Carbon dioxide
13,600,000 kg
Sulphur dioxide
20,720 kg
Nitrogen oxide
10,220 kg
Carbon monoxide
8,550 kg
Dust
560 kg
Nuclear wastes
72 kg
Gallery
Wind turbine on the Austrian side of the Plöcken Pass
Ladder providing access to the nacelle of a wind turbine in Lower Austria. Photo taken following an inspection. The view is from bottom to top, showing the safety rope for the climb
Wind farm Höflein, Lower Austria
Austria compared to other EU countries by wind power installed capacity
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Wind power in Austria.
Interessengemeinschaft Windkraft – Austrian Wind Energy Association
January 09, 2023
wind, power, austria, although, austria, landlocked, country, with, distinguished, hilly, topography, meteorological, preconditions, permit, utilization, wind, power, first, calculations, basis, wind, measuring, data, assessed, meteorological, stations, early,. Although Austria is a landlocked country with a distinguished hilly topography meteorological preconditions permit the utilization of wind power First calculations on the basis of wind measuring data assessed at the meteorological stations in the early 1980s rendered the surprising result of annually approx 6 600 to 10 000 gigawatt hour GWh of technically exploitable wind energy potential in Austria 1 Vestas V66 1 75MW wind turbines of the Tauern Wind Park in Oberzeiring Austria ranked as the world s seventeenth largest producer of wind power with an installed nameplate capacity of 995 megawatt MW in 2008 behind Ireland and ahead of Greece 2 Contents 1 History 2 Economics 2 1 Life span of wind turbines 2 2 External costs 2 3 Property for wind turbines 2 4 Costs of electricity production 3 Installed capacity growth 4 Advantages 5 Gallery 6 See also 7 Notes 8 References 9 External linksHistory EditBack in the 1980s there were huge private wind measurements and experiments with smaller plants In 1994 initiated by Councilor Waltner 110 kilowatt kW wind turbine was set up in St Polten Another wind turbine was put into operation six months later in Zistersdorf In 1995 the first wind turbine was built with civic participation in Michelbach In January 1996 the first turbine of the type E 40 with 500 kW was placed in Eberschwang Not only the absolute largest wind turbines were placed there but with two plants the first wind farm was established In the course of 1996 no signs of new funding arrangements had emerged It led by the end of the year in a panic reaction from the first boom for wind power 36 wind turbines with 12 MW and an annual total of 18 million kW of work hours had been set up between New Year s Day and New Year s Eve 3 After 1996 there were only in exceptional cases economic conditions for individual projects including the wind park in Zurndorf with six plants The pressure of individual countries and the idea that desired objectives could be reached nationwide cheaper than by any nation state alone resulted into negotiations between federal and state governments to a new nationwide Green Electricity Act 2002 Okostromgesetz 2002 in spring 2002 Wind turbines with a capacity of a total of 276 MW were built in 2003 The plant output tripled from 139 MW end 2002 to 415 MW end 2003 within a year 3 Economics EditLife span of wind turbines Edit According to manufacturers the life span of wind turbines amounts to 25 years 4 Important influences on the life span are site specific wind speed storms icing conditions and the quality of the maintenance of the turbines External costs Edit External costs are not a part of the investment and operation costs and are paid by the tax payer and therefore by the public Examples of external costs for fossil fuel and nuclear electricity production are political and military securing of the access to these energy sources costs of green house gas emissions cleaning up of spilled oil police operations during the transporting of nuclear wastes and other similar activities Negative external costs arise from wind turbines impact on landscape aesthetics animal habitats increased mortality of bats and birds noise and flickering However wind power also has positive external effects on power system operation and through the mitigation of air pollution The hidden costs of wind power in Austria are currently not quantified Property for wind turbines Edit Most of the property owners are farmers They have an additional source of income by leasing their land to the wind park operator The prices paid for property leases for wind turbines are many times more than would normally be earned by farming the property A wind turbine needs an area of up to 500 square metres 5 382 square feet and the rest of the property can still be farmed without any problem 4 A wind turbine can also be easily and quickly dismantled Costs of electricity production Edit According to the costs for infrastructure a kW of installed capacity costs between 880 and 1 487 Windpark Handalm At the Tauernwindpark a kW costs 1 240 4 Installed capacity growth EditThe table shows an annual increase in installed wind power capacity 5 Year Nameplate capacity MW 2000 772001 942002 1392003 4152004 6062005 8192006 9652007 9822008 9952009 9952010 1 0112011 1 0842012 1 3782013 1 6842014 2 1102015 2 4892016 2 7302017 2 849 www igwindkraft at 2018 3 027 www igwindkraft at 2019 3 146 www igwindkraft at 2020 3 105 www igwindkraft at 2021 3 300 www igwindkraft at Advantages EditProduction of wind power does not release any pollutants A wind park with 6 MW installed capacity will reduce approximately the following emissions yearly 6 Carbon dioxide 13 600 000 kgSulphur dioxide 20 720 kgNitrogen oxide 10 220 kgCarbon monoxide 8 550 kgDust 560 kgNuclear wastes 72 kgGallery Edit Wind turbine on the Austrian side of the Plocken Pass Ladder providing access to the nacelle of a wind turbine in Lower Austria Photo taken following an inspection The view is from bottom to top showing the safety rope for the climb Wind farm Hoflein Lower Austria Austria compared to other EU countries by wind power installed capacitySee also Edit Austria portal Renewable energy portalEnergy in Austria European Wind Energy Association Global Wind Energy Council Wind power in the European Union Solar power in Austria Renewable energy by countryNotes Edit Analyzing the Wind Power Industry in Austria Research and Markets 2009 Retrieved 2009 12 07 Global wind 2007 report Global Wind Energy Council May 2008 p 10 Retrieved 2008 11 21 a b Geschichte der Windkraft in Osterreich in German DI Helmut Waltner 2006 Retrieved 2009 12 07 a b c Life span of Wind Turbines Tauernwind Windkraftanlagen G m b H Retrieved 2009 12 07 The wind power Retrieved 2009 12 07 Reduction of Pollutants Retrieved 2009 12 07 References EditEnglishAnalyzing the Wind Power Industry in Austria Tauernwind Wind turbines and windfamrs database Advantages and Disadvantages of Wind EnergyGermanGeschichte der Windkraft in OsterreichExternal links Edit Wikimedia Commons has media related to Wind power in Austria Interessengemeinschaft Windkraft Austrian Wind Energy Association Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Wind power in Austria amp oldid 1119027490, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
