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William Howard Hearst

January 01, 1970

Sir William Howard Hearst, KCMG (February 15, 1864 – September 29, 1941) was the seventh premier of Ontario from 1914 to 1919.

William Howard Hearst
The Hon. Sir William Hearst
7th Premier of Ontario
In office
October 2, 1914 – November 14, 1919
MonarchGeorge V
Lieutenant GovernorJohn Strathearn Hendrie
Preceded byJames Whitney
Succeeded byErnest Charles Drury
MPP for Sault Ste. Marie
In office
June 8, 1908 – September 23, 1919
Preceded byCharles Napier Smith
Succeeded byJames Cunningham
Personal details
Born(1864-02-15)February 15, 1864
Arran Township, Canada West
DiedSeptember 29, 1941(1941-09-29) (aged 77)
Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Resting placeMount Pleasant Cemetery, Toronto
Political partyOntario PC Party
SpouseIsabella Jane Duncan

Hearst was born in Bruce County, Canada West. He practiced law in Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario before being voted to provincial parliament as a member of the Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario. After six years representing Sault Ste. Marie in provincial government, Hearst became Premier of Ontario following the death of Premier James P. Whitney in 1914.

Hearst's was the first Conservative provincial government to enact women's suffrage. He was in favour of the prohibition movement, and restricted the unlicensed sale of alcohol in Ontario. As a wartime administration, his government improved munitions production and hydroelectric infrastructure.

Early life and career edit

William Howard Hearst was born in the Township of Arran in Bruce County, Ontario. He studied law in Owen Sound and was called to the bar lawyer in 1888. Hearst moved to Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario, where he established the law firm Masson, Hearst, McKay in the Ganley Block at 604 Queen Street.[1] Hearst participated actively in the Sault Ste. Marie community and was on the building committee to erect a new Methodist church at the corner of Spring Street and Albert Street in Sault Ste. Marie.[2] The Methodist church that was eventually built still stands and is now known as Central United Church.

Hearst was an unsuccessful candidate in the Algoma East riding in 1894. In 1902, he organized support in Northern Ontario for James P. Whitney. Hearst was also appointed Sault Ste. Marie's volunteer fire chief from 1891 to 1892.[3] Hearst built a house at the corner of Queen Street and Upton Road. Known as Eastbourne, it would become a designated heritage property in the City of Sault Ste. Marie.[3]

In 1908, Hearst was elected member for the riding of Sault Ste. Marie. He became Minister of Lands, Forests and Mines in 1911. On the death of Whitney in 1914, Hearst became his successor and was sworn in as Premier on October 2, 1914, the first premier from Northern Ontario.

Premiership edit

Under his administration, a comprehensive measure to provide compensation to workers for injuries was put into operation. He took steps to deal with housing problems and provide loans to settlers.[4] Municipal acts were passed. School fairs and the teaching of agriculture were inaugurated. Measures were taken to increase war production. Reforestation and fire prevention services were established. The Orpington Hospital, in England, was built as a gift from the people of Ontario.[5]

An increase in demand for electricity in Ontario led Hearst's government to commission the construction of the Queenston-Chippawa Hydroelectric Generating Station in 1917, which was one of the largest hydroelectric projects in the world.[6]

During the 1917 conscription crisis, Hearst supported conscription and the federal Unionist government. In March 1918, Hearst and the Ontario Liberal leader, William Proudfoot, agreed to extend the existing provincial government until Canadian forces returned home in 1919.[4]

Prohibition edit

The Hearst government struggled to find consensus on the question of prohibition. Hearst personally identified with the temperance movement, but barkeepers and alcohol producers formed part of the voter base of his party.[4] Hearst established the Board of License Commissioners (BLC) in 1915, which distributed licenses for businesses seeking to sell alcohol.[7]

In 1916, the Ontario Temperance Act (OTA) was introduced as a temporary wartime measure by Hearst, a temperance advocate and pillar of the Methodist Church. It made possession of liquor and beer outside one's home illegal. Although one could retain a cellar supply for personal consumption, it was illegal to sell a drink. As a result, the government shut down bars, taverns, clubs, and liquor stores. The establishment of the Acts were controversial among anti-temperance Canadians.

In 1919, after Canadian soldiers had returned from Europe, Hearst called a plebiscite on prohibition, which was held the same day as the 1919 general election. Prohibition was approved by the voters, but his government was defeated in the election.

Women's suffrage edit

Beginning in 1915, Liberal representatives proposed bills enabling women to vote in Ontario. Hearst initially opposed suffrage but by 1917 had changed his opinion on the subject.[4] Ontario was the fifth province to pass legislation permitting women to vote, and Hearst's government was the first Conservative provincial government to do so.[8]

1919 general election edit

In the election of 1919, Hearst was surprised by his loss to the United Farmers of Ontario.[4] Historians have varying opinions on the reason for the result of the election, including federal conscription, the OTA,[9] and poor opinions of the industrial workers and the rural population.[10]

Later life edit

After his loss in 1919, Hearst remained in Toronto, where he had lived since 1912.[11]

Hearst served as a member of the International Joint Commission, which had been formed to settle international boundary waters disputes between the United States and Canada.[11]

Legacy edit

The Town of Hearst, in Northern Ontario, is named for William Hearst.

A street in North York, south of the intersection of Keele Street and Wilson Avenue, is named after him. The Humber River Hospital and offices of the Ministry of Transportation are on this street.

A plaque honouring Sir William H. Hearst stands in Tara Park in the Municipality of Arran–Elderslie in Bruce County. It was erected by the Ontario Archeological and Historic Sites Board.[12]

Sault Ste. Marie edit

William Howard Hearst was the first premier from northern Ontario. He has an enduring legacy in Sault Ste. Marie. A street in the northern city has been named after him. A city streets directory from 1914 shows the street was previously called "Hurst Street",[13] but by 1915, the year after Hearst became Premier of Ontario, the name was changed to "Hearst Street".[14]

In July 2015, the city recognized Hearst by naming the holiday on the first Monday in August (previously known as Civic Holiday) as Sir William H. Hearst Day.[15]

References edit

  1. ^ "Sault Ste. Marie Classified Business Directory (1909 - Pt. 1)". www.saultmuseum.ca. Retrieved 2019-06-22.
  2. ^ "Disclaimer - Electronic Collection".
  3. ^ a b "Disclaimer - Electronic Collection".
  4. ^ a b c d e Oliver, Peter (1972-03-01). "Sir William Hearst and the Collapse of the Ontario Conservative Party". Canadian Historical Review. 53 (1): 21–50. doi:10.3138/chr-053-01-02. ISSN 0008-3755. S2CID 153896101.
  5. ^ "The Canadian Military Hospital, Orpington". Bromley First World War. Retrieved 2019-06-22.
  6. ^ "Queenston-Chippawa Hydro-Electric Development National Historic Site of Canada". www.historicplaces.ca. Retrieved 2019-06-22.
  7. ^ Brennan, Francis P. (1928). The Liquor Control Act, Ontario : annotated, also the regulations of the Liquor Control Board of Ontario : full commentaries : references to all relevant case law and the corresponding sections of analogous statutes of other provinces, and the Canada Temperance act : full cross-references and all necessary forms. Canada Law Book Co., Ltd. OCLC 183282520.
  8. ^ "Women's Suffrage in Canada". The Canadian Encyclopedia. Retrieved September 3, 2019.
  9. ^ Tennyson, Brian D (1969-02-01). "The Ontario general election of 1919: The beginnings of agrarian revolt". Journal of Canadian Studies. 4 (1): 26–36. doi:10.3138/jcs.4.1.26. ISSN 0021-9495. S2CID 151550715.
  10. ^ Piva, Michael J. (1977). "Workers and Tories: The Collapse of the Conservative Party in Urban Ontario, 1908-1919". Urban History Review. 5 (3–76): 23–39. doi:10.7202/1019467ar. ISSN 0703-0428.
  11. ^ a b "Sir William Howard Hearst". The Canadian Encyclopedia. Retrieved September 3, 2019.
  12. ^ "Sir William H. Hearst Historical Plaque". ontarioplaques.com. Retrieved 2019-06-22.
  13. ^ "Sault Ste. Marie Street Directory (1914 - Pt. 2)". www.saultmuseum.ca. Retrieved 2019-06-22.
  14. ^ "Sault Ste. Marie Street Directory (1914 - Pt. 2)". www.saultmuseum.ca. Retrieved 2019-06-22.
  15. ^ "Renaming a holiday in honour of William". SooToday.com. 13 July 2015. Retrieved 2019-06-22.

Further reading edit

  • Middleton, Jesse Edgar (1923). The Municipality of Toronto - A History. Vol. III. Toronto: Dominion Publishing. p. 67. OCLC 9709767.
  • Oliver, Peter. "Sir William Hearst and the collapse of the Ontario Conservative Party". Public and Private Persons: The Ontario Political Culture, 1914-1934. Toronto: Clarke Irwin. pp. 16–43. OCLC 2525531.
  • Dubro, James; Rowland, Robin F. (1987). King of the Mob: Rocco Perri and the women who ran his rackets. Toronto: Penguin Books. ISBN 0-14-009823-2.
  • Rocco Perri Scrapbook (Hamilton Herald Newspaper articles) 12 April 1927, 14, 16, 18 August 1930
  • Tennyson, Brian Douglas. “Mackenzie King and Patronage in the Public Service: An Historical Footnote.” Journal of Canadian Studies 6:1 (February 1971): 56–60.
  • Tennyson, Brian Douglas. “Premier Hearst, the War, and Votes for Women.” Ontario History 57:3 (September 1965): 115–21.
  • Tennyson, Brian Douglas. “Sir Adam Beck and the Ontario General Election of 1919.” Ontario History 58:3 (September 1966): 157–62.
  • Tennyson, Brian Douglas. “Sir William Hearst and the Ontario Temperance Act.” Ontario History 55:4 (December 1963): 233–46.
  • Tennyson, Brian Douglas. “The Cruise of the Minnie M.” Ontario History 59:2 (June 1967): 125–28.
  • Tennyson, Brian Douglas. “The Ontario General Election of 1919: The Beginnings of Agrarian Revolt.’ Journal of Canadian Studies 4:1 (February 1969): 26–36.
  • Tennyson, Brian Douglas. “The Succession of William H Hearst to the Ontario Premiership—September 1914.” Ontario History 56:3 (September 1964): 158–89.

External links edit

  • Ontario Legislative Assembly parliamentary history
  • Ontario Plaque for Hearst in Tara, Ontario
  • William H. Hearst fonds, Archives of Ontario
Non-profit organization positions
Preceded by
C. H. Mitchell
 President of the Empire Club of Canada
1922 		Succeeded by
Elias H. Wilkinson

January 01, 1970
william, howard, hearst, kcmg, february, 1864, september, 1941, seventh, premier, ontario, from, 1914, 1919, william, hearst7th, premier, ontarioin, office, october, 1914, november, 1919monarchgeorge, vlieutenant, governorjohn, strathearn, hendriepreceded, byj. Sir William Howard Hearst KCMG February 15 1864 September 29 1941 was the seventh premier of Ontario from 1914 to 1919 William Howard HearstThe Hon Sir William Hearst7th Premier of OntarioIn office October 2 1914 November 14 1919MonarchGeorge VLieutenant GovernorJohn Strathearn HendriePreceded byJames WhitneySucceeded byErnest Charles DruryMPP for Sault Ste MarieIn office June 8 1908 September 23 1919Preceded byCharles Napier SmithSucceeded byJames CunninghamPersonal detailsBorn 1864 02 15 February 15 1864Arran Township Canada WestDiedSeptember 29 1941 1941 09 29 aged 77 Toronto Ontario CanadaResting placeMount Pleasant Cemetery TorontoPolitical partyOntario PC PartySpouseIsabella Jane Duncan Hearst was born in Bruce County Canada West He practiced law in Sault Ste Marie Ontario before being voted to provincial parliament as a member of the Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario After six years representing Sault Ste Marie in provincial government Hearst became Premier of Ontario following the death of Premier James P Whitney in 1914 Hearst s was the first Conservative provincial government to enact women s suffrage He was in favour of the prohibition movement and restricted the unlicensed sale of alcohol in Ontario As a wartime administration his government improved munitions production and hydroelectric infrastructure Contents 1 Early life and career 2 Premiership 2 1 Prohibition 2 2 Women s suffrage 2 3 1919 general election 3 Later life 4 Legacy 4 1 Sault Ste Marie 5 References 6 Further reading 7 External linksEarly life and career editWilliam Howard Hearst was born in the Township of Arran in Bruce County Ontario He studied law in Owen Sound and was called to the bar lawyer in 1888 Hearst moved to Sault Ste Marie Ontario where he established the law firm Masson Hearst McKay in the Ganley Block at 604 Queen Street 1 Hearst participated actively in the Sault Ste Marie community and was on the building committee to erect a new Methodist church at the corner of Spring Street and Albert Street in Sault Ste Marie 2 The Methodist church that was eventually built still stands and is now known as Central United Church Hearst was an unsuccessful candidate in the Algoma East riding in 1894 In 1902 he organized support in Northern Ontario for James P Whitney Hearst was also appointed Sault Ste Marie s volunteer fire chief from 1891 to 1892 3 Hearst built a house at the corner of Queen Street and Upton Road Known as Eastbourne it would become a designated heritage property in the City of Sault Ste Marie 3 In 1908 Hearst was elected member for the riding of Sault Ste Marie He became Minister of Lands Forests and Mines in 1911 On the death of Whitney in 1914 Hearst became his successor and was sworn in as Premier on October 2 1914 the first premier from Northern Ontario Premiership editUnder his administration a comprehensive measure to provide compensation to workers for injuries was put into operation He took steps to deal with housing problems and provide loans to settlers 4 Municipal acts were passed School fairs and the teaching of agriculture were inaugurated Measures were taken to increase war production Reforestation and fire prevention services were established The Orpington Hospital in England was built as a gift from the people of Ontario 5 An increase in demand for electricity in Ontario led Hearst s government to commission the construction of the Queenston Chippawa Hydroelectric Generating Station in 1917 which was one of the largest hydroelectric projects in the world 6 During the 1917 conscription crisis Hearst supported conscription and the federal Unionist government In March 1918 Hearst and the Ontario Liberal leader William Proudfoot agreed to extend the existing provincial government until Canadian forces returned home in 1919 4 Prohibition edit The Hearst government struggled to find consensus on the question of prohibition Hearst personally identified with the temperance movement but barkeepers and alcohol producers formed part of the voter base of his party 4 Hearst established the Board of License Commissioners BLC in 1915 which distributed licenses for businesses seeking to sell alcohol 7 In 1916 the Ontario Temperance Act OTA was introduced as a temporary wartime measure by Hearst a temperance advocate and pillar of the Methodist Church It made possession of liquor and beer outside one s home illegal Although one could retain a cellar supply for personal consumption it was illegal to sell a drink As a result the government shut down bars taverns clubs and liquor stores The establishment of the Acts were controversial among anti temperance Canadians In 1919 after Canadian soldiers had returned from Europe Hearst called a plebiscite on prohibition which was held the same day as the 1919 general election Prohibition was approved by the voters but his government was defeated in the election Women s suffrage edit Beginning in 1915 Liberal representatives proposed bills enabling women to vote in Ontario Hearst initially opposed suffrage but by 1917 had changed his opinion on the subject 4 Ontario was the fifth province to pass legislation permitting women to vote and Hearst s government was the first Conservative provincial government to do so 8 1919 general election edit In the election of 1919 Hearst was surprised by his loss to the United Farmers of Ontario 4 Historians have varying opinions on the reason for the result of the election including federal conscription the OTA 9 and poor opinions of the industrial workers and the rural population 10 Later life editAfter his loss in 1919 Hearst remained in Toronto where he had lived since 1912 11 Hearst served as a member of the International Joint Commission which had been formed to settle international boundary waters disputes between the United States and Canada 11 Legacy editThe Town of Hearst in Northern Ontario is named for William Hearst A street in North York south of the intersection of Keele Street and Wilson Avenue is named after him The Humber River Hospital and offices of the Ministry of Transportation are on this street A plaque honouring Sir William H Hearst stands in Tara Park in the Municipality of Arran Elderslie in Bruce County It was erected by the Ontario Archeological and Historic Sites Board 12 Sault Ste Marie edit William Howard Hearst was the first premier from northern Ontario He has an enduring legacy in Sault Ste Marie A street in the northern city has been named after him A city streets directory from 1914 shows the street was previously called Hurst Street 13 but by 1915 the year after Hearst became Premier of Ontario the name was changed to Hearst Street 14 In July 2015 the city recognized Hearst by naming the holiday on the first Monday in August previously known as Civic Holiday as Sir William H Hearst Day 15 References edit Sault Ste Marie Classified Business Directory 1909 Pt 1 www saultmuseum ca Retrieved 2019 06 22 Disclaimer Electronic Collection a b Disclaimer Electronic Collection a b c d e Oliver Peter 1972 03 01 Sir William Hearst and the Collapse of the Ontario Conservative Party Canadian Historical Review 53 1 21 50 doi 10 3138 chr 053 01 02 ISSN 0008 3755 S2CID 153896101 The Canadian Military Hospital Orpington Bromley First World War Retrieved 2019 06 22 Queenston Chippawa Hydro Electric Development National Historic Site of Canada www historicplaces ca Retrieved 2019 06 22 Brennan Francis P 1928 The Liquor Control Act Ontario annotated also the regulations of the Liquor Control Board of Ontario full commentaries references to all relevant case law and the corresponding sections of analogous statutes of other provinces and the Canada Temperance act full cross references and all necessary forms Canada Law Book Co Ltd OCLC 183282520 Women s Suffrage in Canada The Canadian Encyclopedia Retrieved September 3 2019 Tennyson Brian D 1969 02 01 The Ontario general election of 1919 The beginnings of agrarian revolt Journal of Canadian Studies 4 1 26 36 doi 10 3138 jcs 4 1 26 ISSN 0021 9495 S2CID 151550715 Piva Michael J 1977 Workers and Tories The Collapse of the Conservative Party in Urban Ontario 1908 1919 Urban History Review 5 3 76 23 39 doi 10 7202 1019467ar ISSN 0703 0428 a b Sir William Howard Hearst The Canadian Encyclopedia Retrieved September 3 2019 Sir William H Hearst Historical Plaque ontarioplaques com Retrieved 2019 06 22 Sault Ste Marie Street Directory 1914 Pt 2 www saultmuseum ca Retrieved 2019 06 22 Sault Ste Marie Street Directory 1914 Pt 2 www saultmuseum ca Retrieved 2019 06 22 Renaming a holiday in honour of William SooToday com 13 July 2015 Retrieved 2019 06 22 Further reading editMiddleton Jesse Edgar 1923 The Municipality of Toronto A History Vol III Toronto Dominion Publishing p 67 OCLC 9709767 Oliver Peter Sir William Hearst and the collapse of the Ontario Conservative Party Public and Private Persons The Ontario Political Culture 1914 1934 Toronto Clarke Irwin pp 16 43 OCLC 2525531 Dubro James Rowland Robin F 1987 King of the Mob Rocco Perri and the women who ran his rackets Toronto Penguin Books ISBN 0 14 009823 2 Rocco Perri Scrapbook Hamilton Herald Newspaper articles 12 April 1927 14 16 18 August 1930 Tennyson Brian Douglas Mackenzie King and Patronage in the Public Service An Historical Footnote Journal of Canadian Studies 6 1 February 1971 56 60 Tennyson Brian Douglas Premier Hearst the War and Votes for Women Ontario History 57 3 September 1965 115 21 Tennyson Brian Douglas Sir Adam Beck and the Ontario General Election of 1919 Ontario History 58 3 September 1966 157 62 Tennyson Brian Douglas Sir William Hearst and the Ontario Temperance Act Ontario History 55 4 December 1963 233 46 Tennyson Brian Douglas The Cruise of the Minnie M Ontario History 59 2 June 1967 125 28 Tennyson Brian Douglas The Ontario General Election of 1919 The Beginnings of Agrarian Revolt Journal of Canadian Studies 4 1 February 1969 26 36 Tennyson Brian Douglas The Succession of William H Hearst to the Ontario Premiership September 1914 Ontario History 56 3 September 1964 158 89 External links editOntario Legislative Assembly parliamentary history Ontario Plaque for Hearst in Tara Ontario William H Hearst fonds Archives of Ontario Non profit organization positions Preceded byC H Mitchell President of the Empire Club of Canada1922 Succeeded byElias H Wilkinson Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title William Howard Hearst amp oldid 1168755150, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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