Wilfred J. "Jasper" Holmes (April 4, 1900 – January 7, 1986) was a US Naval officer, one of the Station HYPO staff, who had the idea of faking a water supply failure on Midway Island in 1942. He suggested using an unencrypted emergency warning, in the hope of provoking a Japanese response, thus establishing whether Midway was a target.
Born in Stockport, New York, Holmes was the son of Johan Erik Jonasson Holmes, a Finnish immigrant who worked as a fireman in a paper mill, and Esther F. Holmes.[1] Wilfred Holmes graduated from the US Naval Academy, Annapolis, 1922, and had a master's degree in engineering from Columbia University. He served as a line officer in the Navy, in submarines. He wrote submarine adventure stories for the Saturday Evening Post and technical articles under the pen name Alec Hudson.[2][3]
One of the former, "Rendezvous", imagined an air raid in which flying boats were refueled by submarines at a Pacific atoll, allowing them to reach targets which would normally be well outside their range. This scenario would later play out in real life in the form of Operation K, a March 1942 attack by Japanese H8Ks on Pearl Harbor. Unlike the massive carrier-based surprise attack three months earlier, this only involved two aircraft and failed due to bad weather. Naval Intelligence chief Edwin T. Layton later concluded that the Japanese had made use of the idea from "Rendezvous" when planning the operation.[4]
Holmes retired from the Navy in 1936 because of arthritis of the spine, and joined the faculty of the University of Hawaii.
Intelligence officer
In 1941, Lieutenant Holmes was recalled to duty and assigned to Station HYPO, which was breaking Japanese codes, especially their naval cipher JN-25. He was promoted to Lieutenant Commander on February 25, 1942.[5]
By May 1942, US Naval Intelligence knew that the Japanese were planning an attack at a spot they called AF, but did not know what AF signified. Navy cryptanalyst Joseph Rochefort thought AF was Midway Island. Holmes had the idea of faking a water supply failure on Midway. He suggested using an unencrypted emergency warning, in the hope of provoking a Japanese response, thus establishing whether AF was Midway. Holmes' ruse worked and led to the Japanese defeat at the Battle of Midway. Holmes was awarded the Distinguished Service Medal.[6]
Continuing to work at Station HYPO, Holmes was promoted to Commander on May 8, 1943,[7] and then to Captain on December 19, 1944.[8]
Later years
Holmes became chairman of the department of engineering and mathematics at the University of Hawaii after the war, then Dean of Engineering, Dean of Administration, and Vice President, retiring from the university in 1965. Holmes Hall is named in his honor.[9][2] He was author of books on submarine warfare and naval intelligence.[2][10][11]
^Felton, Mark (2006). "The Fujita Plan: Japanese Attacks on the United States and Australia During the Second World War". Penn & Sword Books. p. 85. ISBN9781844154807. Retrieved April 17, 2020 – via Google Books.
^Register of the Commissioned Officers and Warrant Officers of the United States Navy and Marine Corps(PDF). Bureau of Naval Personnel. July 1, 1942. p. 622. Retrieved February 10, 2020.
^Smith, Michael (June 11, 2001). The Emperor's Codes: The Breaking of Japan's Secret Ciphers. Arcade Publishing. p. 138. ISBN9781559705684. Retrieved April 17, 2020 – via Internet Archive.
^Register of the Commissioned Officers and Warrant Officers of the United States Navy and Marine Corps(PDF). Bureau of Naval Personnel. July 1, 1943. p. 495. Retrieved February 10, 2020.
^Register of the Commissioned Officers and Warrant Officers of the United States Navy and Marine Corps(PDF). Bureau of Naval Personnel. July 1, 1945. p. 522. Retrieved February 10, 2020.
^Holmes, Wilfred J. Undersea Victory: The Influence of Submarine Operations on the War in the Pacific. Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1966.
^Holmes, Wilfred J. Double-Edged Secrets: U. S. Naval Intelligence Operations in the Pacific during World War II. Annapolis: Naval Institute Press, 1979.
^"Holmes, Wilfred Jay 'Jasper'". Honolulu Star-Bulletin. January 9, 1986. p. 47. Retrieved April 17, 2020 – via Newspapers.com.
August 21, 2023
wilfred, holmes, wilfred, jasper, holmes, april, 1900, january, 1986, naval, officer, station, hypo, staff, idea, faking, water, supply, failure, midway, island, 1942, suggested, using, unencrypted, emergency, warning, hope, provoking, japanese, response, thus. Wilfred J Jasper Holmes April 4 1900 January 7 1986 was a US Naval officer one of the Station HYPO staff who had the idea of faking a water supply failure on Midway Island in 1942 He suggested using an unencrypted emergency warning in the hope of provoking a Japanese response thus establishing whether Midway was a target Wilfred J HolmesBorn 1900 04 04 April 4 1900Stockport New York U S DiedJanuary 7 1986 1986 01 07 aged 85 Honolulu Hawaii U S NationalityAmericanOccupationUS Naval OfficerKnown forNaval intelligence analysisSpouseIsabelle West HolmesChildrenJohn Eric Holmes Contents 1 Early years 2 Intelligence officer 3 Later years 4 Death 5 ReferencesEarly years EditBorn in Stockport New York Holmes was the son of Johan Erik Jonasson Holmes a Finnish immigrant who worked as a fireman in a paper mill and Esther F Holmes 1 Wilfred Holmes graduated from the US Naval Academy Annapolis 1922 and had a master s degree in engineering from Columbia University He served as a line officer in the Navy in submarines He wrote submarine adventure stories for the Saturday Evening Post and technical articles under the pen name Alec Hudson 2 3 One of the former Rendezvous imagined an air raid in which flying boats were refueled by submarines at a Pacific atoll allowing them to reach targets which would normally be well outside their range This scenario would later play out in real life in the form of Operation K a March 1942 attack by Japanese H8Ks on Pearl Harbor Unlike the massive carrier based surprise attack three months earlier this only involved two aircraft and failed due to bad weather Naval Intelligence chief Edwin T Layton later concluded that the Japanese had made use of the idea from Rendezvous when planning the operation 4 Holmes retired from the Navy in 1936 because of arthritis of the spine and joined the faculty of the University of Hawaii Intelligence officer EditIn 1941 Lieutenant Holmes was recalled to duty and assigned to Station HYPO which was breaking Japanese codes especially their naval cipher JN 25 He was promoted to Lieutenant Commander on February 25 1942 5 By May 1942 US Naval Intelligence knew that the Japanese were planning an attack at a spot they called AF but did not know what AF signified Navy cryptanalyst Joseph Rochefort thought AF was Midway Island Holmes had the idea of faking a water supply failure on Midway He suggested using an unencrypted emergency warning in the hope of provoking a Japanese response thus establishing whether AF was Midway Holmes ruse worked and led to the Japanese defeat at the Battle of Midway Holmes was awarded the Distinguished Service Medal 6 Continuing to work at Station HYPO Holmes was promoted to Commander on May 8 1943 7 and then to Captain on December 19 1944 8 Later years EditHolmes became chairman of the department of engineering and mathematics at the University of Hawaii after the war then Dean of Engineering Dean of Administration and Vice President retiring from the university in 1965 Holmes Hall is named in his honor 9 2 He was author of books on submarine warfare and naval intelligence 2 10 11 Death EditHolmes died January 7 1986 and is buried in the National Memorial Cemetery of the Pacific Honolulu 12 References Edit US Federal Census 1900 a b c University of Hawaii biography of Wilfred Holmes Jasper Holmes in Maritime Texas Felton Mark 2006 The Fujita Plan Japanese Attacks on the United States and Australia During the Second World War Penn amp Sword Books p 85 ISBN 9781844154807 Retrieved April 17 2020 via Google Books Register of the Commissioned Officers and Warrant Officers of the United States Navy and Marine Corps PDF Bureau of Naval Personnel July 1 1942 p 622 Retrieved February 10 2020 Smith Michael June 11 2001 The Emperor s Codes The Breaking of Japan s Secret Ciphers Arcade Publishing p 138 ISBN 9781559705684 Retrieved April 17 2020 via Internet Archive Register of the Commissioned Officers and Warrant Officers of the United States Navy and Marine Corps PDF Bureau of Naval Personnel July 1 1943 p 495 Retrieved February 10 2020 Register of the Commissioned Officers and Warrant Officers of the United States Navy and Marine Corps PDF Bureau of Naval Personnel July 1 1945 p 522 Retrieved February 10 2020 Holmes Hall Holmes Wilfred J Undersea Victory The Influence of Submarine Operations on the War in the Pacific Garden City New York Doubleday amp Company Inc 1966 Holmes Wilfred J Double Edged Secrets U S Naval Intelligence Operations in the Pacific during World War II Annapolis Naval Institute Press 1979 Holmes Wilfred Jay Jasper Honolulu Star Bulletin January 9 1986 p 47 Retrieved April 17 2020 via Newspapers com Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Wilfred Holmes amp oldid 1165119900, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
