fbpx
Wikipedia

Who's Who (UK)

February 17, 2024

Who's Who is a reference work.[6] It has been published annually in the form of a hardback book since 1849, and has been published online since 1999. It has also been published on CD-ROM. It lists, and gives information on, people from around the world who influence British life.[7] Entries include notable figures from government, politics, academia, business, sport and the arts. Who's Who 2023 is the 175th edition and includes more than 33,000 people.

Who's Who
1959 edition
CountryUnited Kingdom
LanguageEnglish
Release number
175 (Who's Who 2023)[1]
SubjectBiography[2] (1897 onwards)
GenreWho's Who[3]
Publisher
Publication date
1849–present
ISBN9781408181201
TextWho's Who at Wikisource
Websiteukwhoswho.com

In 2004, the book was described as the United Kingdom's most prominent work of biographical reference.[8]

The book is the original Who's Who book[9] and "the pioneer work of its type".[10] The book is an origin of the expression "who's who" used in a wider sense.[11][12][13]

History edit

Who's Who has been published since 1849.[14]

When book publisher A & C Black bought the copyright to the publication in 1896, Douglas Sladen was employed with a three-year contract to overhaul the publication. According to Sladen, the old Who's Who was solely a "handbook of the titled and official classes only", which he sought to modernize by including celebrities from all circles through the use of autobiographical forms.[15] Between 1897 and 1899, under Sladen, Who's Who expanded its number of entries from 6,000 to 8,500. The inclusion of a "recreations" section for biographees to fill proved to be particularly successful for the book: according to Sladen, newspapers "never tired of quoting the recreations of eminent people", thus attracting publicity for the publication.[15][16] While Sladen's contract was not renewed, the revised Who's Who experienced financial success: its sales rose from 10,000 to 12,000 copies between 1901 and 1910, in spite of a twofold increase in the book price for that period.[15]

Cedric Arthur Larson stated that Who's Who in 1849 was not biographical.[17] Who's Who turned into a biographical dictionary in 1897.[3][18] In 1963 and 1975, Professor William Lawrence Rivers[19] wrote that Who's Who then included biographical information.[20]

In 1973, a spinoff version, called The Academic Who's Who, was released by the same publisher. Both the first edition, published in 1973, and the second edition, published in 1975, were published by Adam & Charles Black in London. The first US edition was published by Bowker in New York, and the second by Gale Research in Detroit.[21] The second edition contained biographies of almost seven thousand academics.[22][23]

Who's Who 1897–1996 was published on CD-ROM[24] and was awarded the McColvin Medal.[25][26] Who's Who 1897–1998 was also published on CD-ROM.[27][28] Who's Who was included in KnowUK from 1999.[29][30][31] Who's Who 2005 was included in Xreferplus.[32] The Who's Who & Who Was Who website (ukwhoswho.com) is dated from 2007 onwards.[33] Who's Who continues to be published annually in hardback.

A history of Who's Who was published to coincide with the 150th edition in 1998.[14] "Preface with a Brief History 1849–1998" was included in Who's Who 1998.

Publishers and editors edit

Who's Who was originally published by Baily Brothers.[34] Since 1897, it has been published by A & C Black.[14] It has been published in New York by the Macmillan Company[35] and by St. Martin's Press.[36]

From 1849 to 1850, Who's Who was edited by Henry Robert Addison,[37] from 1851 to 1864 by Charles Henry Oakes,[38] from 1865 by William John Lawson and from 1897 to 1899 by Douglas Sladen.[39] Subsequent editions do not disclose the identity of their editor.[40] In 1990, it was reported that after the departure of Douglas Brooke Wheelton Sladen, the people who compiled Who's Who remained anonymous to conceal the fact that they were female.[41] In 2004, it was reported that the editorial staff and the selection panel endeavour to operate in anonymity so as to shield themselves from unwanted pressures.[8]

Biographies edit

Academics who study elites have used the book as the primary reference for deducing who is part of the British elite.[42]

Inclusiveness edit

The subjects of Who's Who entries include peers, MPs, judges, senior civil servants, writers, lawyers, scientists, academics, actors, athletes, artists and hereditary aristocrats. 50 percent of new entrants (such as those holding a professorial chair at Oxbridge, baronets, peers, MPs, judges etc.) are included automatically by virtue of their office or title; the other 50 percent are selected at the discretion of a board of advisors.[43][44][45] Inclusion has come to carry a considerable level of prestige: Paul Levy stated in The Wall Street Journal in 1996 that having an entry in Who's Who "really puts the stamp of eminence on a modern British life".[46]

Once someone is included in Who's Who they remain in it for life: MPs, for example, are not removed when they leave Parliament. The 7th Earl of Lucan continued to be listed in the book after he went missing in 1974 and even after he was declared legally dead in 1999.[47][48] He was listed in Who's Who 2016, which was published in 2015.[49] As of 2023, the most recent version of his entry on the Who's Who & Who Was Who website is dated 1 December 2016,[50] his death certificate having been issued in 2016.[51]

Inclusion in Who's Who does not involve any payment by or to the subject, or even any obligation to buy a copy.[52] Some individuals have attempted to offer bribes in attempts to be included.[8]

The publication includes the members of the Scottish Parliament, Welsh and Northern Ireland Assemblies, members of the House of Commons, the chief executives of all UK cities and counties, and foreign ambassadors accredited to London. There was a high proportion of Oxford and Cambridge graduates among the new entrants in Who's Who 2008.[53] During the reign of Queen Victoria, the proportion of such graduates was less than 20%.[54]

In a review of Who's Who, 1907, the Law Magazine and Review declared: "So comprehensive is the scheme of the work that it is well-nigh impossible to find any person at all entitled to be considered prominent in any particular sphere, whose biography is not included".[55] The Expository Times wrote that Who's Who, 1910 included "Everybody who is anybody".[56] The Journal of the Royal Institute of British Architects wrote that the choice of subjects included in Who's Who 1936 was generally appropriate.[57] Writing in The Spectator about a radio documentary on the book they prepared for BBC Radio 4 in 2004, Crick and Rosenbaum criticised, or reported that others had criticised, the publication for its lack of inclusion of well known celebrities, sports personalities, solicitors, and the quasi-totality of Britain's wealthiest people. They also questioned the inclusion of all baronets.[8] In 2007, Jeremy Paxman criticised the publication for failing to include more non-British MEPs.[53] In 2010, Charles Moore criticised the criticism of the inclusiveness of Who's Who.[58] In 2021, it was reported that Michael Grade,[59] who was Chairman of the Board of Governors of the BBC from 2004[60] to 2006,[61] had criticised Who's Who for failing to include entries for Benedict Cumberbatch and Eddie Redmayne.[59]

Richard Fitzwilliams, former editor of The International Who's Who quoted in The Independent in 2015 indicated that Arthur Scargill and Tony Benn were included in Who's Who against their wishes, and that W. S. Gilbert was "threatened with being given a concocted version of his entry unless he provided one".[62] Douglas Sladen published or threatened to publish non-autobiographical entries for recalcitrant figures in order to coerce them to submit their own autobiographical forms.[63] In his autobiography, Douglas Sladen wrote: "W. S. Gilbert wrote the rudest letter of anybody. He said he was always being pestered by unimportant people for information about himself. So I put him down in the book as "Writer of Verses and the libretti to Sir Arthur Sullivan's comic operas." He then wrote me a letter . . . in which he asked me if that was the way to treat a man who had written seventy original dramas. Next year he filled up his form as readily as a peer's widow who has married a commoner."[64] In a footnote to the preceding passage from Sladen's autobiography, the historian Philip Waller said that "Sladen did not always allow accuracy to get in the way of a good story", and that the actual facts consist of the inclusion of the line "Writer of Verses and the libretti to Sir Arthur Sullivan's comic operas" in Gilbert's biography in Who's Who 1897 and 1898, and the removal of that line from Gilbert's biography in Who's Who 1899, to which no other changes were made.[63] In his autobiography, Sladen wrote: "A prominent authoress first of all refused to fill up her form at all. I wrote to tell her that in that case I should have to fill it up for her. She showed no concern about this until I sent her a proof of the biography, in which I made her out ten years older than she really was, and said that I meant to insert the biography in that form unless there was anything she wished to correct. She then corrected it, and added so much that it would have taken the whole column if I had inserted all she sent."[64] According to Philip Waller, this "was how Sladen behaved: if celebrities did not deliver, he invented a CV for them. It usually brought them into line."[63] In 2004, it was reported that Scargill had argued that people who do not wish to be in Who's Who should be allowed to opt out.[8]

Compilation and authorship edit

From 1897 onwards, entries have been compiled from questionnaires filled in by their subjects and then returned to the publisher.[65][66] Lea and Day wrote that this approach normally leads to increased accuracy.[67]

It has been said that, from Who's Who 1897 onwards, the entries, or the majority of them, are autobiographical.[65][66][40] Nature Notes described the notices of naturalists in Who's Who, 1900 as "virtually autobiographical".[68]

In A & C Black Ltd v Claude Stacey Ltd, Mr Justice Tomlin (as he then was), sitting in the Chancery Division of the High Court of Justice in England, held that the "author", within the meaning of that expression in section 5 of the Copyright Act 1911, of each biography in Who's Who was the compiler.[69] This decision has been cited as authority as to the meaning of the expression "author" in the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.[70]

Content edit

Entries typically include full names, dates of birth, career details, club memberships, education, professional qualifications, publications, recreations and contact details.[7][71][72]

Utility edit

Who's Who has been repeatedly described as useful[73] and indispensable.[74]

Reliability and accuracy edit

The Saturday Review wrote that Who's Who 1904 is "generally accurate".[75] The World's Paper Trade Review wrote that "it may be relied on not only as being accurate but really authoritative".[76] The Law Magazine and Review wrote that "The accuracy of the information given shows the great care with which this work has been compiled".[77] The Law Journal wrote that the "biographical details of judges and leading members of the profession . . . so far as we have tested them, are . . . accurate".[78]

The Accountant's Magazine spoke of "the remarkable accuracy" of Who's Who, 1905.[79] The Canada Lancet wrote that "The book contains a vast amount of reliable information regarding persons of note throughout the British Empire".[80] The Law Journal wrote that the "biographical details of judges and leading lawyers . . . so far as we have tested them, are accurate".[81]

Engineering wrote that Who's Who, 1906 gave "accurate information regarding the career of men whose names are frequently before the public in an official or other capacity".[82] Notes and Queries wrote that "For those engaged in literary and journalistic pursuits, Who's Who remains the most trustworthy . . . work of personal reference".[83] The Library World wrote that "its accuracy is well maintained".[84]

The Congregationalist and Christian World wrote that Who's Who, 1907 "comes promptly to aid journalists and others who wish to consult . . . accurate biographies of the leading personages in the Western political and literary world, Britons of course predominating."[85] The Standard called it "a monument of painstaking care".[86] Page's Weekly wrote that "we have subjected Who's Who to several tests and are glad to find that the accuracy which pervades the subject matter is again worthy of high commendation".[87] Medical Record wrote that "The data about Americans mentioned in the work appear to be in the main correct, though we notice that the name of the late Albert Bierstadt, the artist, is retained in the book as though he were still living."[88] The United Service Magazine wrote that "Immense pains are taken to ensure accuracy".[89]

The Dublin Journal of Medical Science wrote that the biographies in Who's Who, 1908 "may be considered to be accurate".[90] The Electrical Review wrote that "the details may generally be regarded as accurate".[91] Page's Weekly added that "We have many occasions had reason to admire the accuracy which is attained by the Editor of Who's Who".[92]

Country Life wrote that Who's Who, 1909 was "of most praiseworthy accuracy".[93] The Scots Law Times wrote that "The information given about the persons named may be taken as reliable".[94] The Empire Review and Magazine wrote "the great pains taken to ensure accuracy gives to the volume additional value".[95] The American Review of Reviews wrote that it "continues . . . to sustain its high level of accuracy".[96]

Knowledge & Scientific News wrote that Who's Who, 1910 "is kept up-to-date and accurate".[97] The Railway News wrote that "The information is brought thoroughly up to date".[98] Country Life wrote that "This year it appears to be as accurate . . . as usual."[99] Page's Weekly wrote that "Who's Who has a notable reputation to maintain and it is not surprising to find, therefore, that exceptional care is taken to render it a reference work of unimpeachable accuracy."[100]

The accuracy of Who's Who, 1933 was praised by the Solicitors Journal[101] and by the Journal of State Medicine.[102] The accuracy of Who's Who, 1934 was praised by the Clinical Journal,[103] by the Burlington Magazine[104] and by the Journal of State Medicine.[105] The accuracy of Who's Who 1935 was praised by Public Opinion,[106] by the Solicitors' Journal,[107] by the Irish Law Times and Solicitors' Journal[108] and by the Clinical Journal.[109] The accuracy of Who's Who 1936 was praised by Engineering.[110] The Irish Law Times and Solicitors' Journal also praised the accuracy of that edition, but wrote that the book included an entry for a deceased person.[111] The accuracy of Who's Who 1937 was praised by the Municipal Journal & Public Works Engineer.[112] The accuracy of Who's Who 1938 was praised by the Journal of the Royal Institute of Public Health and Hygiene[113] and by the New Statesman and Nation.[114] The accuracy of Who's Who 1939 was praised by the Journal of the Royal Institute of Public Health and Hygiene.[115]

The accuracy of Who's Who 1940 was praised by the Journal of the Royal Institute of Public Health and Hygiene,[116] and the reliability of that edition was praised by The Tennessee Teacher.[117] The accuracy of Who's Who 1941 was praised by the Journal of the Royal Institute of Public Health and Hygiene,[118] by the Irish Law Times and Solicitors' Journal[119] and by the Municipal Journal & Local Government Administrator.[120] The accuracy of Who's Who, 1942 was praised by the Journal of the Royal Institute of Public Health and Hygiene[121] and by The Accountant.[122] The accuracy of Who's Who, 1943 was praised by the Medical Press and Circular.[123] The accuracy of certain entries in Who's Who, 1944 was praised by the Journal of the Royal Institute of Public Health and Hygiene.[124] The accuracy of Who's Who, 1946 was praised by the Irish Law Times and Solicitors' Journal.[125] The accuracy of Who's Who, 1949 was praised by Subscription Books Bulletin.[126]

In 1957, the reliability of Who's Who was praised by Dr Ajit Kumar Mukherjee.[127]

The accuracy and reliability of Who's Who 1970 was praised by Dr Bohdan Stephan Wynar.[128] The accuracy of Who's Who 1973 was praised by Reference and Subscription Books Reviews.[129] In 1974, the reliability of Who's Who was praised by John Richard Meredith Wilson.[130] In 1975, the accuracy of Who's Who was praised by Carolyn Sue Peterson.[131]

The accuracy of Who's Who 1982 was praised by Jefferson D Caskey.[132] The accuracy of Who's Who 1985 was praised by Jefferson D Caskey.[133] In 1986, the reliability of Who's Who was praised by John Richard Meredith Wilson.[134] The accuracy of the entry for Reginald William Revans in Who's Who 1987 was praised by Dr Yury Boshyk and Robert Lexow Dilworth.[135]

In 1995, the reliability of Who's Who was praised by Professor Glenda Norquay.[136]

In 2001, BBC News qualified some of the entrants as "a little economical with the truth".[47] Writing in The Spectator about a radio documentary on the book they prepared for BBC Radio 4 in 2004, Michael Crick and Martin Rosenbaum[137] wrote that there were questions about the accuracy of the entries, but that they frequently used Who's Who themselves in their work as journalists.[8] In 2007, the reliability of Who's Who Online was praised by William Ashford Kelly.[138] In 2014, the reliability of the Who's Who & Who Was Who website was praised by Fred Burchsted.[33]

Subjects are not permitted to include libellous statements in their entries.[47] In 2004, the publishing director for reference books of Bloomsbury, which owns A & C Black, the publisher of Who's Who, stated that if an inaccuracy was brought to the attention of the editors, they would raise it with the biographee first. If the biographee insisted or failed to respond, however, no correction would be issued. The director stated that "the vast majority of errors" are sorted by mutual agreement between Who's Who and the biographee.[8]

Dates of birth edit

In 2004, Crick and Rosenbaum wrote that the largest number of errors were in dates of birth.[8] It has been reported that entries for Mohamed al-Fayed,[139][47] Anita Brookner,[47][41][140] Ken Dodd,[139][8] Susan Hampshire,[139][47][8] Nanette Newman,[139] and Nicholas Parsons[8] have displayed incorrect dates of birth. The BBC claimed that when Brookner was asked by the editors of Who's Who whether she wanted her date of birth corrected, she asked to have it blanked instead.[47] Errors in the dates of birth of Mohamed al-Fayed, Ken Dodd and Susan Hampshire had previously been reported by Compton Miller, editor of Who's Really Who, in a book review of A & C Black's Who's Who 1998, in which Compton Miller praised the entries for Mohamed al-Fayed, Ken Dodd and Susan Hampshire in his own book.[141] It has been reported that the entry for Jimmy Wray has displayed a disputed date of birth.[142]

Particular entries edit

In 2001, BBC News claimed that former MP Jeffrey Archer had listed Brasenose College, Oxford, under the education part of his Who's Who entry, despite having no degree and having only attended a one-year postgraduate physical education course.[47] Previously, in a 1997 letter to the editor of The Independent, Paul Flather of Oxford University had written that the training course Archer had taken at Brasenose College was "not strictly a university course", and that his Who's Who entry also incorrectly listed his year of attendance.[143] In 2004, Crick and Rosenbaum claimed that the entry for Archer had also listed an incorrect sum of money.[8]

The entry for Iain Duncan Smith in (in particular) Who's Who 2002 and Who's Who 2003 claimed that he had been educated at "Univ. di Perugia".[144] This claim did not appear in Who's Who 2004.[145] In 2002, BBC Newsnight reported that Duncan Smith had attended the Università per Stranieri di Perugia and had never attended the Università degli Studi di Perugia.[146]

The entry for James Gulliver in (in particular) Who's Who 1972, Who's Who 1973, Who's Who 1980, Who's Who 1985 and Who's Who 1986, stated that he had been educated at Harvard University[147][148][149][150][151] and did not mention that he had been educated at, and had received an MSc from, the Georgia Institute of Technology in 1954. The press repeatedly reported that Gulliver had received an MBA from Harvard Business School. Those press reports were not correct. He had in fact done a marketing course at Harvard Business School for three weeks in 1954. On 9 March 1986, Gulliver said that his Who's Who entry was not correct in relation "to a degree achieved in 1954".[152][153][154] The press had been informed of the error by a PR company working for an alcohol company that Gulliver's company had bid to takeover.[155][156] Paddy Ashdown said that the PR company had performed "a rather unsavoury and tawdry" character "assassination".[157] The bald statement that Gulliver was educated at the Harvard University has been characterized as having a tendency to mislead.[153]

In 2004, Crick and Rosenbaum reported that Arthur Scargill had denied that his entry was completely accurate.[8]

Omissions edit

In 2004, Crick and Rosenbaum named six people whose entries were claimed to have contained at least one omission at some point in time (excluding entries claimed to have displayed at least one error at some point in time).[8]

Jeremy Paxman has calculated that only 8% of new entrants in 2008 made any reference to marital breakdown, which is far below the national average.[53]

The non-autobiographical entry for W. S. Gilbert in Who's Who 1897 and Who's Who 1898 did not include the fact that Gilbert had written seventy original dramas.[64][63]

Lists and tables edit

The original nucleus of Who's Who consisted of tables.[158] In a review of Who's Who 1903, the Surveyor and Municipal and County Engineer wrote "From time to time it has been found necessary to remove some useful tables inserted in the front of the book, in order to make room for the biographies, and now the portentous increase of the latter has led to the complete removal of the tables, with the exception, of course, of those devoted to the Royal Family and to obituaries. The publishers hope . . . to issue the various tables separately . . . at a later date."[159] The tables were moved into the Who's Who Year Book from the first edition of that year book, the Who's Who Year Book, 1904, onwards.[160]

Who Was Who edit

When the subject of a Who's Who entry dies, the biography is transferred to the next volume of Who Was Who, where it is usually printed as it appeared in its last Who's Who, with the date of death added.

The first volume of Who Was Who covered deaths between 1897 and 1915. They were then published at 10-year intervals, and since 1990 at five-year intervals.

Who Was Who series:

  1. 1897–1915, 1988 reprint: ISBN 0-7136-2670-4
  2. 1916–1928, 1992 reprint: ISBN 0-7136-3143-0
  3. 1929–1940, 1967 reprint: ISBN 0-7136-0171-X
  4. 1941–1950, 1980 reprint: ISBN 0-7136-2131-1
  5. 1951–1960, 1984 reprint: ISBN 0-7136-2598-8
  6. 1961–1970, 1979 reprint: ISBN 0-7136-2008-0
  7. 1971–1980, 1989 reprint: ISBN 0-7136-3227-5
  8. 1981–1990: 1991 ISBN 0-7136-3336-0
  9. 1991–1995: 1996 ISBN 0-7136-4496-6
  10. 1996–2000: 2001 ISBN 0-7136-5439-2
  11. 2001–2005: 2006 ISBN 0-7136-7601-9
  12. 2006–2010: 2011 ISBN 9781408146583
  13. 2011–2015: 2016 ISBN 9781472924322

Corrections

Errors contained in Who's Who entries are corrected in Who Was Who "where necessary" (the deceased subjects cannot object to corrections because they are deceased).[41][65]

Cumulated index

There is a cumulative index, titled "cumulated index":

  • Who Was Who, A Cumulated Index 1897 to 1980. Published 1981.[161][162] Cox said this index is useful.[163]
  • Who Was Who: A Cumulated Index 1897–1990. Published 1991.
  • Who Was Who: A Cumulated Index 1897—2000. Published 2002.

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ Who's Who in 2023?". Who's Who & Who Was Who.
  2. ^ WorldCat. OCLC: 230032229, 26598317, 56431030, 301748088, 1162806, 40586111 and 664147939.
  3. ^ a b Fritze, Coutts and Vyhnanek. Reference Sources in History: An Introductory Guide. ABC-CLIO. Second Edition. 2004. p 201.
  4. ^ Bloomsbury.com. "Bloomsbury – Who's Who". www.bloomsbury.com.
  5. ^ "Who's Who and Who Was Who Online". oup.com.
  6. ^ Pedersen, "Reference Publishing" in Finkelstein and McCleery (eds), Edinburgh History of the Book in Scotland, 2007, vol 4, p 346 at p 347. Waterstone's Guide to Books 1989/90, p 720. Wilson, Research Guide in History, 1974, p 81. "An Indispensable Reference Work" (1936) 98 Chemical Trade Journal and Chemical Engineer 10 (3 January 1936). (1917) 15 British Journal of Inebriety 173.
  7. ^ a b "Who's Who". ukwhoswho.com.
  8. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Rosenbaum, Martin; Crick, Michael (10 July 2004). "How to get into Who's Who". The Spectator.
  9. ^ "Reference" in "New Books and New Editions" (1906) 24 Book News 531 [1] [2]
  10. ^ Arnold Levitas. Editorial English. Roy Press. New York City. 1924. p 248. There are similar comments in "Book Reviews" (1920) 32 The Writer 77 and in Kroeger, Guide to the Study and Use of Reference Books, 3rd Ed, 1917, p 137.
  11. ^ "who's who". Macmillan Dictionary.
  12. ^ Christine Ammer. The American Heritage Dictionary of Idioms. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. 1992. 1997. 2003. The Free Dictionary. Farlex.
  13. ^ Who's Who. Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English.
  14. ^ a b c "More about Who's Who". OUP.
  15. ^ a b c Waller, Philip (2008). Writers, Readers, and Reputations: Literary Life in Britain 1870-1918. Oxford University Press. pp. 420–423. ISBN 978-0-19-954120-1.
  16. ^ Waller, Philip J. (1991). Town, city, and nation: England 1850 - 1914 (Repr ed.). Oxford: Clarendon Press. p. 38. ISBN 978-0-19-289163-1.
  17. ^ Cedric A Larson. Sixty Years of American Eminence. McDowell, Obolensky. New York. 1958. p 22.
  18. ^ Ogilvie. Women and Science: An Annotated Bibliography. Garland Publishing. 1996. p 501.
  19. ^ www.sfgate.com
  20. ^ William L Rivers. Finding Facts: Interviewing, Observing, Using Reference Sources. Prentice-Hall. 1975. p 110. Rivers. Reference Books for the Journalist. University of Texas, School of Journalism. 1963.
  21. ^ For a scan of the first edition, see Google Books: [3] [4].
  22. ^ "Some recent additions to the Library", ACU Bulletin of Current Documentation, Issues 12–41, page 30 (Association of Commonwealth Universities) Google Books
  23. ^ For reviews of The Academic Who's Who, see (1973) 49 International Affairs 529 (RIIA) JSTOR; "Academic Who's Who", Glasgow Herald, City Edition, 10 February 1973, p 8, col 2; "Academic Who's Who" (1978) 8 British Studies Monitor 53 [5] [6]; The Library Journal Book Review 1973, p 1 [7]; "The Academic Who's Who 1973–1974" (1974) 70 Book Review Digest 3 [8]; "Reference" (1973) 10 Choice 593 [9]; (1976) 13 Choice 296 (Issues 1 to 7) [10]; (1976) 101 Library Journal 2268 [11]; "Dictionary of academics", ACU Bulletin of Current Documentation, Issues 1–11, p 20 [12]; (1973) British Book News 286 [13]. For other commentary, see Elizabeth M Moys, Manual of Law Librarianship, BIALL, 1976, pp 410 & 411, [14] Second Edition, GK Hall, 1987, pp 373 & 381 [15]; Bohdan S Wynar (ed), "641. The Academic Who's Who 1975–1976" in American Reference Books Annual 1977, Libraries Unlimited, 1977, vol 8, p 311 [16]; "Educators and Scholars" (1975) 2 Readers Advisory Service 60 (Issues 76 to 150) [17]; (1973) 1 Reference Services Review 9 [18]; Ronald H Fritze, Brian E Coutts and Louis Andrew Vyhnanek, Reference Sources in History: An Introductory Guide, ABC-CLIO, Second Edition, 2004, p 208.
  24. ^ Walford's Guide to Reference Material. Seventh Edition. Library Association Publishing. 1996. Volume 2. Para 5834 p 648.
  25. ^ Annual Report. The Library Association. 1997. p 12.
  26. ^ Yearbook 2009. CILIP. 2008. p 476.
  27. ^ New Serial Titles, 1999. p 1877.
  28. ^ Bopp and Smith. Reference and Information Services: An Introduction. Third Edition. Libraries Unlimited 2001. pp 390 & 406.
  29. ^ "CD-ROM and Web resource reviews" (1999) 4 Library Technology 46 at 47 (No 3, June 1999)
  30. ^ "KnowUK" (1999) 28 Microform & Imaging Review 77 (No 3)
  31. ^ Eliot and Rose (eds). A Companion to the History of the Book. 2007. Wiley-Blackwell. 2009. p 459.
  32. ^ "Xrefer and A&C Black team up for Who's Who Online" in "Intermediaries" (2005) Scholarly Communications Report, vol 9, no 2, February 2005, p 15
  33. ^ a b Whitlatch and Searing (eds). Guide to Reference: Essential General Reference and Library Science Sources. American Library Association. 2014. Number 60.
  34. ^ "Albert Nelson Marquis" in "Obituary Notes" (1944) 145 Publishers Weekly 130 Google Books
  35. ^ Alice Bertha Kroeger. Guide to the Study and Use of Reference Books. Third Edition. American Library Association. 1917. p 137.
  36. ^ Ryan and Tankard. Basic News Reporting. Mayfield Publishing Company. 1977. p 385.
  37. ^ Frederic Boase. "Addison, Henry Robert" in Modern English Biography. 1892. Volume 1. Page 1819. [19]
  38. ^ Frederic Boase. "Oakes, Charles Henry" in Modern English Biography. 1897. Volume 2. Page 1871.
  39. ^ "Who's Who". National Library of Australia Catalogue.
  40. ^ a b Margaretta Jolly (ed). "Who's Who" in Encyclopedia of Life Writing: Autobiographical and Biographical Forms. Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers. 2001. Routledge. 2013. ISBN 157958232X. Volume 1. Page 939.
  41. ^ a b c Melanie Cable-Alexander. "The what's what of Who's Who" in "Perspectives". The Financial Times. 19 May 1990. Section II: Weekend FT (Weekend May 19/May 20). p viii. [This newspaper article contains the following passage: But even if the living are allowed to edit their lives, the real story can eventually be found behind the entries in Who Was Who . . . In this volume, white lies are laid low and the truth is made whole again, because at that stage "they won't know a thing about it."]
  42. ^ Friedman, Sam; Reeves, Aaron (15 April 2020). "From Aristocratic to Ordinary: Shifting Modes of Elite Distinction". American Sociological Review. 85 (2): 323–350. doi:10.1177/0003122420912941. ISSN 0003-1224. S2CID 218828282. This legitimacy has been demonstrated in a number of ways: the book has long been considered the most valid catalogue of the British elite among elite scholars (see, e.g., Griffiths, Miles, and Savage 2008; Heath 1981; Kelsall 1955; Kirby 2016; Miles and Savage 2012; Stanworth and Giddens 1974)
  43. ^ Friedman and Reeves (2020), 328.
  44. ^ Friedman, Online Supplement, p 3
  45. ^ Graeme C Moodie and Rowland Eustace, Power & Authority in British Universities, George Allen & Unwin, 1974, p 213
  46. ^ Paul Levy. "(Sex) Lives and Deaths of British Worthies". Wall Street Journal. 9 August 1996.
  47. ^ a b c d e f g h "How to get in Who's Who". BBC News. 18 January 2001.
  48. ^ "Lord Lucan 'officially dead'", BBC News Online, 27 October 1999.
  49. ^ "Lucan". Who's Who 2016. p 1422.
  50. ^ "Lucan, 7th Earl of, (Richard John Bingham) (born 18 Dec. 1934)". Who Was Who. 1 December 2016. doi:10.1093/ww/9780199540884.013.U25051.
  51. ^ Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
  52. ^ "Confidentiality" in "Biographees". Who's Who & Who Was Who.
  53. ^ a b c Paxman, Jeremy (1 December 2007). . The Daily Telegraph. Archived from the original on 6 February 2008.
  54. ^ (1996) 190 Country Life 36. For further commentary see, Watts, Diversity and Choice in Higher Education, 1972, p 138; and A H Halsey, "The popularity of Oxford and Cambridge? IIb. A pyramid of prestige" (1961) 15 Universities Quarterly 342 (No 4, September 1961)
  55. ^ "Works of Reference" (1907) 32 Law Magazine and Review 256
  56. ^ (1910) 21 The Expository Times 229 [20] [21]
  57. ^ "Who's Who" (1936) 45 Journal of the Royal Institute of British Architects 432 (No 8: 22 February 1936)
  58. ^ Charles Moore, Recreations? Try a dip into 'Who's Who'. The Daily Telegraph. 5 January 2010. ProQuest
  59. ^ a b Valentine Low. Latest Who's Who doesn't list Eddie Redmayne or Olivia Colman. The Times. 8 February 2021.
  60. ^ Michael Grade is new BBC chairman. BBC News. 2 April 2004.
  61. ^ Grade quits BBC post to join ITV. BBC News. 28 November 2006.
  62. ^ Johnston, Ian (6 December 2015). "Benedict Cumberbatch, Keira Knightley and Chiwetel Ejiofor among 'farcical' omissions from Who's Who". The Independent. Retrieved 11 February 2022.
  63. ^ a b c d Waller. Writers, Readers, and Reputations: Literary Life in Britain 1870-1918. OUP. 2006. p 422, footnote 94.
  64. ^ a b c Douglas Sladen. Twenty Years of My Life. Constable & Company. 1915. p 237.
  65. ^ a b c "About". WHO'S WHO & WHO WAS WHO. from the original on 4 August 2023. Retrieved 13 September 2023.
  66. ^ a b "Who's Who in 2022?". Who's Who & Who Was Who.
  67. ^ Peter W Lea and Alan Edwin Day. Printed Reference Material and Related Sources of Information. Third Edition. Library Association. 1990. p 85.
  68. ^ "Reviews and Exchanges" (1900) 11 Nature Notes: The Selborne Society's Magazine 135 [22] [23] [24]
  69. ^ A and C Black Limited v Claude Stacey Limited [1929] 1 Ch 177; (1928) 44 Times Law Reports 347; (1928) 98 Law Journal Reports 131, Ch D
  70. ^ Halsbury's Laws of England, Fourth Edition, 2006 Reissue, LexisNexis Butterworths, 2006, Volume 9(2), paragraph 111 at page 91
  71. ^ Michael J Marcuse. A Reference Guide for English Studies. University of California Press. 1990. p 114.
  72. ^ Sowerds and Chenoweth. The Reference Librarian's Bible. Libraries Unlimited. 2018. p 49.
  73. ^ "Who's Who" (1910) 98 The Builder 20 (1 January 1910). "Reviews and Book Notices" (1906) The Naturalist 56. "Who's Who" (1909) 62 The Electrician 518 (8 January 1909). Marke, A Catalogue of the Law Collection at New York University, 1953, p 1201. Brian White, Studying for Science, Spon Press, 1991, p 48. Ferguson, "Name Games" (1990) 184 Country Life 121 (1 March 1990).
  74. ^ (1898) 29 World's Paper Trade Review 38 (18 March 1898). (1940) 35 The AMA 43 (January 1940). "Literature" (1942) 58 The Scottish Law Review and Sheriff Court Reports 33. Malcolm J Campbell, Manual of Business Library Practice, Second Edition, Clive Bingley, London, 1985, p 108.
  75. ^ (1903) 96 The Saturday Review 808 (26 December 1903) [25] [26]
  76. ^ "Who's Who?" (1904) 41 World's Paper Trade Review 39 (19 February 1904)
  77. ^ "Some Works of Reference" in "Reviews" (1904) 29 Law Magazine and Review (Fifth Series) 383 (May 1904) [27] [28]
  78. ^ "Reviews" (1903) 38 The Law Journal 613 (12 December 1903)
  79. ^ "Reviews" (1905) 9 The Accountant's Magazine 39
  80. ^ "Who's Who 1905" (1905) 38 Canada Lancet 566
  81. ^ (1904) 39 The Law Journal 665 (10 December 1904)
  82. ^ (1905) 80 Engineering 882 (29 December 1905) [29] [30]
  83. ^ "Notes on Books &c" (1905) 4 Notes and Queries (Tenth Series) 540 (30 December 1905)
  84. ^ (1906) 8 The Library World 247 [31] [32] [33]
  85. ^ "The Literature of the Day" (1907) 92 Congregationalist and Christian World 187 (9 February 1907)
  86. ^ "Who's Who, 1907" (1907) 54 The Standard 671 (2 February 1907)
  87. ^ "Who's Who, 1907, and other Publications" (1907) 10 Page's Weekly 142 (18 January 1907)
  88. ^ "Book Reviews" (1907) 71 Medical Record 620 (13 April 1907)
  89. ^ "Reviews" (1907) 34 United Service Magazine 455
  90. ^ "Year Books for 1908" (1908) 125 The Dublin Journal of Medical Science 43
  91. ^ "Book Notices" (1908) 62 The Electrical Review 177 (31 January 1908)
  92. ^ "Who's Who, 1908" in "Works of Reference" (1908) 12 Page's Weekly 146 (17 January 1908)
  93. ^ (1909) 24 Country Life 888 (19 December 1908)
  94. ^ [1909] 2 Scots Law Times 15 (23 January 1909)
  95. ^ (1909) 17 The Empire Review 88 [34] [35]
  96. ^ (1909) 39 American Review of Reviews 382 [36] [37] [38]
  97. ^ (1910) 33 Knowledge & Scientific News 35 [39] [40]
  98. ^ "Who's Who, 1910" (1909) 92 The Railway News 1114 (25 December 1909)
  99. ^ "Reference Books" (1909) 26 Country Life 854 (11 December 1909)
  100. ^ (1910) 16 Page's Weekly 32 (7 January 1910)
  101. ^ "Reviews" (1933) 77 Solicitors Journal 153 (4 March 1933)
  102. ^ "Reviews and Notices of Books" (1933) 41 Journal of State Medicine 123
  103. ^ "Reviews" (1934) 63 The Clinical Journal 88
  104. ^ 64 The Burlington Magazine
  105. ^ "Reviews and Notices of Books" (1934) 42 Journal of State Medicine 182
  106. ^ "Who's Who, 1935" (1935) 147 Public Opinion 17 (4 January 1935)
  107. ^ (1935) 79 The Solicitors' Journal 158 (2 March 1935)
  108. ^ "Who's Who, 1935" (1935) 69 Irish Law Times and Solicitors' Journal 8 (5 January 1935)
  109. ^ "Reviews" (1935) 64 The Clinical Journal 88 (February 1935)
  110. ^ "Annuals and Reference Books" (1936) 141 Engineering 38 (10 January 1936)
  111. ^ "Reviews" (1936) 70 Irish Law Times and Solicitors' Journal 4 (4 January 1936)
  112. ^ "Who's Who" (1937) 46 Municipal Journal & Public Works Engineer 332 (12 February 1937)
  113. ^ "Book Reviews" (1937) 1 Journal of the Royal Institute of Public Health and Hygiene 247
  114. ^ "Shorter Notices" (1938) 15 The New Statesman and Nation 454 (12 March 1938)
  115. ^ "Book Reviews" (1939)2 Journal of the Royal Institute of Public Health and Hygiene 132
  116. ^ "Book Reviews" (1940) 3 Journal of the Royal Institute of Public Health and Hygiene 24 [41] [42]
  117. ^ "Teachers ' Bookshelf" (1939) 7 The Tennessee Teacher 32
  118. ^ "Book Reviews" (1941) 4 Journal of the Royal Institute of Public Health and Hygiene 37
  119. ^ (1941) 75 Irish Law Times and Solicitors' Journal 58 (1 March 1941)
  120. ^ "Who's Who 1941" (1941) 49 Municipal Journal & Local Government Administrator 128 (31 January 1941)
  121. ^ Journal of the Royal Institute of Public Health and Hygiene, 1942, vols 5 to 6, p 46
  122. ^ "Review" (1942) 106 The Accountant 131 (28 February 1942)
  123. ^ "Reviews of New Books" (1943) 209 Medical Press and Circular 144 (3 March 1943). See also the review at (1943) 10 Metallurgical Abstracts 100.
  124. ^ "Book Review" (1944) 7 Journal of the Royal Institute of Public Health and Hygiene 126
  125. ^ "Reviews" (1946) 80 Irish Law Times and Solicitors' Journal 267 (19 October 1946)
  126. ^ Subscription Books Bulletin, April 1950, p 31 (scan of vols 21 to 23)
  127. ^ Ajit Kumar Mukherjee. Manual of Reference Work. World Press Private Ltd. Calcutta. 1957. p 87.
  128. ^ Bohdan S Wynar, Who's Who 1970–1971. American Reference Books Annual 1971. Second Edition. Libraries Unlimited. para 211. p 77 at p 78.
  129. ^ Reference and Subscription Books Reviews 1972–1974. American Library Association. 1975. p 385 at p 386.
  130. ^ John R M Wilson. Research Guide in History. General Learning Press. 1974. p 81.
  131. ^ Peterson. Reference Books for Elementary and Junior High School Libraries. Second Edition. Scarecrow Press. 1975. p 83.
  132. ^ Caskey, "Who's Who 1982–1983". Bohdan S Wynar (ed). American Reference Books Annual 1983. Libraries Unlimited. vol 14. para 99. p 47 at p 48.
  133. ^ Caskey, "Who's Who 1985–1986". Bohdan S Wynar (ed). Best Reference Books, 1981–1985. Libraries Unlimited. 1986. para 123. p 66.
  134. ^ Wilson. A New Research Guide in History. Palisades Publishers. 1986. p 33.
  135. ^ Yury Boshyk and Robert L Dilworth. Action Learning: History and Evolution. Palgrave Macmillan. 2010. p 252.
  136. ^ Glenda Norquay. Voices and Votes: A Literary Anthology of the Women's Suffrage Campaign. Manchester University Press. 1995. p 306.
  137. ^ www.rosenbaum.org.uk
  138. ^ William A Kelly, "Who's Who Online" (2007) 21 Reference Reviews 63 ProQuest Emerald Insight. See further, "Online Databases", Library & Information Science Abstracts, Library Association, 2007, No 6085 at p 47.
  139. ^ a b c d Kate Watson-Smyth. 150 years for the guide to who's who and what's what. The Independent. 24 March 1998.
  140. ^ See further "The Times Diary", The Times, 30 October 1984, p 10
  141. ^ Compton Miller, "Who says other names don't smell as sweet?", The Times, 22 January 1998, p 37
  142. ^ Ex-Labour MP Jimmy Wray, son of Gorbals, dies. The Herald. 25 May 2013.
  143. ^ Flather, PCR (9 August 1997). "Letter: Oxford year(s)". The Independent. Retrieved 23 March 2022.
  144. ^ "Duncan Smith, Rt Hon. (George) Iain". Who's Who 2002. Palgrave, New York. USA. 2002. p 614. "Duncan Smith, Rt Hon. (George) Iain". Who's Who 2003. A & C Black. London. 2003. p 620.
  145. ^ "Duncan Smith, Rt Hon. (George) Iain". Who's Who 2004. Palgrave Macmillan, New York. USA. 2004. p 630.
  146. ^ "Newsnight reveals inaccuracies in Iain Duncan Smith's CV". BBC News. 19 December 2002. BBC Press Office. [Press release].
  147. ^ "Gulliver, James Gerald". Who's Who 1972–1973. (Who's Who 1972). St Martin's Press. New York. 1972. p 1322.
  148. ^ "Gulliver, James Gerald". Who's Who 1973. Adam and Charles Black. 1973. p 1338.
  149. ^ "Gulliver, James Gerald". Who's Who 1980–1981. (Who's Who 1980). St Martin's Press. New York. 1980. p 1055.
  150. ^ "Gulliver, James Gerald". Who's Who 1985. A & C Black. 1985. p 793.
  151. ^ "Gulliver, James Gerald". Who's Who 1986. A & C Black. 1986. p 718.
  152. ^ "Argyll chief says he will not resign". The Times. 10 March 1986. p 1.
  153. ^ a b City Staff. "Gulliver 'will not resign' ". The Times, 10 March 1986. p 17.
  154. ^ Michael Dixon. "The risk of keeping skeletons in cupboards" in "Jobs". The Financial Times. 13 March 1986. Appointments adv. p I.
  155. ^ Martin Dickson, "UK Takeover Battles: Bulls shake the china shop", The Financial Times, 12 March 1986, p 17
  156. ^ David Goodhart. "Distillers denies being involved in 'dirty tricks' ". The Financial Times. 13 March 1986. p 26.
  157. ^ Paddy Ashdown, HC Deb, 12 March 1986, col 958 (Parliamentary Debates, Official Report, Sixth Series, vol 93)
  158. ^ "Miscellaneous" (1904) 57 The Educational Times (1 March 1904). "Notices and Reviews of Books" (1903) 14 The Liberty Review 287 (December 1903). "Reviews and Notices of Books" (1904) 19 The Pharmaceutical Journal 879 (10 December 1904).
  159. ^ "Some Recent Publications" (1903) 23 Surveyor and Municipal and County Engineer 40 (9 January 1903)
  160. ^ "Books of the Year". The Reformers' Year Book 1905. p 240. Kroeger and Mudge. Guide to Reference Books. Third Edition. American Library Association. 1917. p 137.
  161. ^ Hugo Vickers. "Help at hand for the malignant" in "Books for Christmas/3". The Times. Saturday 24 November 1984. The Times Saturday Books for Christmas: A Weekly Guide to Leisure, Entertainment and the Arts. Saturday, 24–30 November 1984. p 13.
  162. ^ Auberon Waugh. "Connections". Books and Bookmen. Number 316: January 1982, p 12.
  163. ^ Richard William Cox, British Sport, Frank Cass, 2003, vol 3, p xxxi

Further reading edit

  • Ballou. Reference Books. PACAF Library Service Center. (Fifth Air Force, Pacific Air Forces). 1 September 1968. pp 178 & 179.
  • Fritze, Coutts and Vyhnanek. Reference Sources in History: An Introductory Guide. ABC-CLIO. Second Edition. 2004. pp 199 & 201.
  • James L Harner. Literary Research Guide. Fifth Edition. MLA. 2008. p 188.
  • Birch and Hooper. The Concise Oxford Companion to English Literature. Fourth Edition. 2012. p 772.
  • "What's What of Who's Who". Western Mail. 15 December 2001. TheFreeLibrary.
  • Gary Archer, "Review of Who's Who Online 2013 edition" (2013) 29 Refer 3 (No 1, Spring 2013) ProQuest
  • Malcolm Gladwell. "Nice to meet you. But what on earth are you doing here?" in "Books" in "The week in Reviews". The Observer. 11 January 1998. ProQuest
  • Richard Ingrams, "Who's odd" (1983) 250 The Spectator, 2 April 1983, p 16 Spectator [Review of Who's Who 1983]
  • Alan Watkins, "Who he?" (1979) 242 The Spectator, 12 May 1979, p 22 ProQuest Spectator [Review of Who's Who 1979]
  • "The Longest Novel" (1970) 258 Punch 731 (13 May 1970) [Review of Who's Who 1970]
  • "Curious Facts about Famous People" (1963) 44 Time and Tide 26 (21 to 27 March 1963) [Review of Who's Who 1963]
  • "Reviewed work: Who's Who". Journal of the Royal Society of Arts. 92 (4676): 618–619. 1944. JSTOR 41362125.
  • "Reviewed work: Who's Who 1940; the Writers' and Artists' Year Book 1940; the Official Year Book of the Scientific and Learned Societies of Great Britain and Ireland". Journal of the Royal Society of Arts. 88 (4558): 502. 1940. JSTOR 41402209.
  • "Reviewed work: Who's Who, 1938". Journal of the Royal Society of Arts. 86 (4449): 355. 1938. JSTOR 41361252.
  • "Reviewed work: Who's Who, 1937". Journal of the Royal Society of Arts. 85 (4388): 168. 1936. JSTOR 41360910.
  • "Reviewed work: Whitaker's Almanack, 1915; Who's Who, 1915". The Burlington Magazine for Connoisseurs. 26 (143): 216–217. 1915. JSTOR 859969.
  • "Reviewed work: Who's Who, 1910; Who's Who Year Book, 1910; the Writers' and Artists' Year Book, 1910; the Englishwoman's Year Book, 1910". The Burlington Magazine for Connoisseurs. 16 (82): 237. 1910. JSTOR 858036.
  • "Reviewed work: Who's Who, 1909; the English-Woman's Year Book and Directory, G. E. Mitton; Who's Who Year-Book for 1909; the Writer's and Artist's Year-Book, 1909". The Burlington Magazine for Connoisseurs. 14 (70): 249. 1909. JSTOR 857772.
  • (1903) 19 Law Quarterly Review 109 Internet Archive Google Books
  • (1903) 37 Law Journal 611 Google Books
  • "Current Literature", The Spectator, 4 February 1865, p 20 [43]

External links edit

 
Wikisource has original text related to this article:
Who Was Who
  • Official website  

February 17, 2024
reference, work, been, published, annually, form, hardback, book, since, 1849, been, published, online, since, 1999, also, been, published, lists, gives, information, people, from, around, world, influence, british, life, entries, include, notable, figures, fr. Who s Who is a reference work 6 It has been published annually in the form of a hardback book since 1849 and has been published online since 1999 It has also been published on CD ROM It lists and gives information on people from around the world who influence British life 7 Entries include notable figures from government politics academia business sport and the arts Who s Who 2023 is the 175th edition and includes more than 33 000 people Who s Who1959 editionCountryUnited KingdomLanguageEnglishRelease number175 Who s Who 2023 1 SubjectBiography 2 1897 onwards GenreWho s Who 3 PublisherA amp C Black Bloomsbury Publishing plc 4 Oxford University Press 5 Publication date1849 presentISBN9781408181201TextWho s Who at WikisourceWebsiteukwhoswho wbr comIn 2004 the book was described as the United Kingdom s most prominent work of biographical reference 8 The book is the original Who s Who book 9 and the pioneer work of its type 10 The book is an origin of the expression who s who used in a wider sense 11 12 13 Contents 1 History 2 Publishers and editors 3 Biographies 3 1 Inclusiveness 3 2 Compilation and authorship 3 3 Content 3 4 Utility 3 5 Reliability and accuracy 3 5 1 Dates of birth 3 5 2 Particular entries 3 6 Omissions 4 Lists and tables 5 Who Was Who 6 See also 7 References 8 Further reading 9 External linksHistory editWho s Who has been published since 1849 14 When book publisher A amp C Black bought the copyright to the publication in 1896 Douglas Sladen was employed with a three year contract to overhaul the publication According to Sladen the old Who s Who was solely a handbook of the titled and official classes only which he sought to modernize by including celebrities from all circles through the use of autobiographical forms 15 Between 1897 and 1899 under Sladen Who s Who expanded its number of entries from 6 000 to 8 500 The inclusion of a recreations section for biographees to fill proved to be particularly successful for the book according to Sladen newspapers never tired of quoting the recreations of eminent people thus attracting publicity for the publication 15 16 While Sladen s contract was not renewed the revised Who s Who experienced financial success its sales rose from 10 000 to 12 000 copies between 1901 and 1910 in spite of a twofold increase in the book price for that period 15 Cedric Arthur Larson stated that Who s Who in 1849 was not biographical 17 Who s Who turned into a biographical dictionary in 1897 3 18 In 1963 and 1975 Professor William Lawrence Rivers 19 wrote that Who s Who then included biographical information 20 In 1973 a spinoff version called The Academic Who s Who was released by the same publisher Both the first edition published in 1973 and the second edition published in 1975 were published by Adam amp Charles Black in London The first US edition was published by Bowker in New York and the second by Gale Research in Detroit 21 The second edition contained biographies of almost seven thousand academics 22 23 Who s Who 1897 1996 was published on CD ROM 24 and was awarded the McColvin Medal 25 26 Who s Who 1897 1998 was also published on CD ROM 27 28 Who s Who was included in KnowUK from 1999 29 30 31 Who s Who 2005 was included in Xreferplus 32 The Who s Who amp Who Was Who website ukwhoswho com is dated from 2007 onwards 33 Who s Who continues to be published annually in hardback A history of Who s Who was published to coincide with the 150th edition in 1998 14 Preface with a Brief History 1849 1998 was included in Who s Who 1998 Publishers and editors editWho s Who was originally published by Baily Brothers 34 Since 1897 it has been published by A amp C Black 14 It has been published in New York by the Macmillan Company 35 and by St Martin s Press 36 From 1849 to 1850 Who s Who was edited by Henry Robert Addison 37 from 1851 to 1864 by Charles Henry Oakes 38 from 1865 by William John Lawson and from 1897 to 1899 by Douglas Sladen 39 Subsequent editions do not disclose the identity of their editor 40 In 1990 it was reported that after the departure of Douglas Brooke Wheelton Sladen the people who compiled Who s Who remained anonymous to conceal the fact that they were female 41 In 2004 it was reported that the editorial staff and the selection panel endeavour to operate in anonymity so as to shield themselves from unwanted pressures 8 Biographies editAcademics who study elites have used the book as the primary reference for deducing who is part of the British elite 42 Inclusiveness edit The subjects of Who s Who entries include peers MPs judges senior civil servants writers lawyers scientists academics actors athletes artists and hereditary aristocrats 50 percent of new entrants such as those holding a professorial chair at Oxbridge baronets peers MPs judges etc are included automatically by virtue of their office or title the other 50 percent are selected at the discretion of a board of advisors 43 44 45 Inclusion has come to carry a considerable level of prestige Paul Levy stated in The Wall Street Journal in 1996 that having an entry in Who s Who really puts the stamp of eminence on a modern British life 46 Once someone is included in Who s Who they remain in it for life MPs for example are not removed when they leave Parliament The 7th Earl of Lucan continued to be listed in the book after he went missing in 1974 and even after he was declared legally dead in 1999 47 48 He was listed in Who s Who 2016 which was published in 2015 49 As of 2023 the most recent version of his entry on the Who s Who amp Who Was Who website is dated 1 December 2016 50 his death certificate having been issued in 2016 51 Inclusion in Who s Who does not involve any payment by or to the subject or even any obligation to buy a copy 52 Some individuals have attempted to offer bribes in attempts to be included 8 The publication includes the members of the Scottish Parliament Welsh and Northern Ireland Assemblies members of the House of Commons the chief executives of all UK cities and counties and foreign ambassadors accredited to London There was a high proportion of Oxford and Cambridge graduates among the new entrants in Who s Who 2008 53 During the reign of Queen Victoria the proportion of such graduates was less than 20 54 In a review of Who s Who 1907 the Law Magazine and Review declared So comprehensive is the scheme of the work that it is well nigh impossible to find any person at all entitled to be considered prominent in any particular sphere whose biography is not included 55 The Expository Times wrote that Who s Who 1910 included Everybody who is anybody 56 The Journal of the Royal Institute of British Architects wrote that the choice of subjects included in Who s Who 1936 was generally appropriate 57 Writing in The Spectator about a radio documentary on the book they prepared for BBC Radio 4 in 2004 Crick and Rosenbaum criticised or reported that others had criticised the publication for its lack of inclusion of well known celebrities sports personalities solicitors and the quasi totality of Britain s wealthiest people They also questioned the inclusion of all baronets 8 In 2007 Jeremy Paxman criticised the publication for failing to include more non British MEPs 53 In 2010 Charles Moore criticised the criticism of the inclusiveness of Who s Who 58 In 2021 it was reported that Michael Grade 59 who was Chairman of the Board of Governors of the BBC from 2004 60 to 2006 61 had criticised Who s Who for failing to include entries for Benedict Cumberbatch and Eddie Redmayne 59 Richard Fitzwilliams former editor of The International Who s Who quoted in The Independent in 2015 indicated that Arthur Scargill and Tony Benn were included in Who s Who against their wishes and that W S Gilbert was threatened with being given a concocted version of his entry unless he provided one 62 Douglas Sladen published or threatened to publish non autobiographical entries for recalcitrant figures in order to coerce them to submit their own autobiographical forms 63 In his autobiography Douglas Sladen wrote W S Gilbert wrote the rudest letter of anybody He said he was always being pestered by unimportant people for information about himself So I put him down in the book as Writer of Verses and the libretti to Sir Arthur Sullivan s comic operas He then wrote me a letter in which he asked me if that was the way to treat a man who had written seventy original dramas Next year he filled up his form as readily as a peer s widow who has married a commoner 64 In a footnote to the preceding passage from Sladen s autobiography the historian Philip Waller said that Sladen did not always allow accuracy to get in the way of a good story and that the actual facts consist of the inclusion of the line Writer of Verses and the libretti to Sir Arthur Sullivan s comic operas in Gilbert s biography in Who s Who 1897 and 1898 and the removal of that line from Gilbert s biography in Who s Who 1899 to which no other changes were made 63 In his autobiography Sladen wrote A prominent authoress first of all refused to fill up her form at all I wrote to tell her that in that case I should have to fill it up for her She showed no concern about this until I sent her a proof of the biography in which I made her out ten years older than she really was and said that I meant to insert the biography in that form unless there was anything she wished to correct She then corrected it and added so much that it would have taken the whole column if I had inserted all she sent 64 According to Philip Waller this was how Sladen behaved if celebrities did not deliver he invented a CV for them It usually brought them into line 63 In 2004 it was reported that Scargill had argued that people who do not wish to be in Who s Who should be allowed to opt out 8 Compilation and authorship edit From 1897 onwards entries have been compiled from questionnaires filled in by their subjects and then returned to the publisher 65 66 Lea and Day wrote that this approach normally leads to increased accuracy 67 It has been said that from Who s Who 1897 onwards the entries or the majority of them are autobiographical 65 66 40 Nature Notes described the notices of naturalists in Who s Who 1900 as virtually autobiographical 68 In A amp C Black Ltd v Claude Stacey Ltd Mr Justice Tomlin as he then was sitting in the Chancery Division of the High Court of Justice in England held that the author within the meaning of that expression in section 5 of the Copyright Act 1911 of each biography in Who s Who was the compiler 69 This decision has been cited as authority as to the meaning of the expression author in the Copyright Designs and Patents Act 1988 70 Content edit Entries typically include full names dates of birth career details club memberships education professional qualifications publications recreations and contact details 7 71 72 Utility edit Who s Who has been repeatedly described as useful 73 and indispensable 74 Reliability and accuracy edit The Saturday Review wrote that Who s Who 1904 is generally accurate 75 The World s Paper Trade Review wrote that it may be relied on not only as being accurate but really authoritative 76 The Law Magazine and Review wrote that The accuracy of the information given shows the great care with which this work has been compiled 77 The Law Journal wrote that the biographical details of judges and leading members of the profession so far as we have tested them are accurate 78 The Accountant s Magazine spoke of the remarkable accuracy of Who s Who 1905 79 The Canada Lancet wrote that The book contains a vast amount of reliable information regarding persons of note throughout the British Empire 80 The Law Journal wrote that the biographical details of judges and leading lawyers so far as we have tested them are accurate 81 Engineering wrote that Who s Who 1906 gave accurate information regarding the career of men whose names are frequently before the public in an official or other capacity 82 Notes and Queries wrote that For those engaged in literary and journalistic pursuits Who s Who remains the most trustworthy work of personal reference 83 The Library World wrote that its accuracy is well maintained 84 The Congregationalist and Christian World wrote that Who s Who 1907 comes promptly to aid journalists and others who wish to consult accurate biographies of the leading personages in the Western political and literary world Britons of course predominating 85 The Standard called it a monument of painstaking care 86 Page s Weekly wrote that we have subjected Who s Who to several tests and are glad to find that the accuracy which pervades the subject matter is again worthy of high commendation 87 Medical Record wrote that The data about Americans mentioned in the work appear to be in the main correct though we notice that the name of the late Albert Bierstadt the artist is retained in the book as though he were still living 88 The United Service Magazine wrote that Immense pains are taken to ensure accuracy 89 The Dublin Journal of Medical Science wrote that the biographies in Who s Who 1908 may be considered to be accurate 90 The Electrical Review wrote that the details may generally be regarded as accurate 91 Page s Weekly added that We have many occasions had reason to admire the accuracy which is attained by the Editor of Who s Who 92 Country Life wrote that Who s Who 1909 was of most praiseworthy accuracy 93 The Scots Law Times wrote that The information given about the persons named may be taken as reliable 94 The Empire Review and Magazine wrote the great pains taken to ensure accuracy gives to the volume additional value 95 The American Review of Reviews wrote that it continues to sustain its high level of accuracy 96 Knowledge amp Scientific News wrote that Who s Who 1910 is kept up to date and accurate 97 The Railway News wrote that The information is brought thoroughly up to date 98 Country Life wrote that This year it appears to be as accurate as usual 99 Page s Weekly wrote that Who s Who has a notable reputation to maintain and it is not surprising to find therefore that exceptional care is taken to render it a reference work of unimpeachable accuracy 100 The accuracy of Who s Who 1933 was praised by the Solicitors Journal 101 and by the Journal of State Medicine 102 The accuracy of Who s Who 1934 was praised by the Clinical Journal 103 by the Burlington Magazine 104 and by the Journal of State Medicine 105 The accuracy of Who s Who 1935 was praised by Public Opinion 106 by the Solicitors Journal 107 by the Irish Law Times and Solicitors Journal 108 and by the Clinical Journal 109 The accuracy of Who s Who 1936 was praised by Engineering 110 The Irish Law Times and Solicitors Journal also praised the accuracy of that edition but wrote that the book included an entry for a deceased person 111 The accuracy of Who s Who 1937 was praised by the Municipal Journal amp Public Works Engineer 112 The accuracy of Who s Who 1938 was praised by the Journal of the Royal Institute of Public Health and Hygiene 113 and by the New Statesman and Nation 114 The accuracy of Who s Who 1939 was praised by the Journal of the Royal Institute of Public Health and Hygiene 115 The accuracy of Who s Who 1940 was praised by the Journal of the Royal Institute of Public Health and Hygiene 116 and the reliability of that edition was praised by The Tennessee Teacher 117 The accuracy of Who s Who 1941 was praised by the Journal of the Royal Institute of Public Health and Hygiene 118 by the Irish Law Times and Solicitors Journal 119 and by the Municipal Journal amp Local Government Administrator 120 The accuracy of Who s Who 1942 was praised by the Journal of the Royal Institute of Public Health and Hygiene 121 and by The Accountant 122 The accuracy of Who s Who 1943 was praised by the Medical Press and Circular 123 The accuracy of certain entries in Who s Who 1944 was praised by the Journal of the Royal Institute of Public Health and Hygiene 124 The accuracy of Who s Who 1946 was praised by the Irish Law Times and Solicitors Journal 125 The accuracy of Who s Who 1949 was praised by Subscription Books Bulletin 126 In 1957 the reliability of Who s Who was praised by Dr Ajit Kumar Mukherjee 127 The accuracy and reliability of Who s Who 1970 was praised by Dr Bohdan Stephan Wynar 128 The accuracy of Who s Who 1973 was praised by Reference and Subscription Books Reviews 129 In 1974 the reliability of Who s Who was praised by John Richard Meredith Wilson 130 In 1975 the accuracy of Who s Who was praised by Carolyn Sue Peterson 131 The accuracy of Who s Who 1982 was praised by Jefferson D Caskey 132 The accuracy of Who s Who 1985 was praised by Jefferson D Caskey 133 In 1986 the reliability of Who s Who was praised by John Richard Meredith Wilson 134 The accuracy of the entry for Reginald William Revans in Who s Who 1987 was praised by Dr Yury Boshyk and Robert Lexow Dilworth 135 In 1995 the reliability of Who s Who was praised by Professor Glenda Norquay 136 In 2001 BBC News qualified some of the entrants as a little economical with the truth 47 Writing in The Spectator about a radio documentary on the book they prepared for BBC Radio 4 in 2004 Michael Crick and Martin Rosenbaum 137 wrote that there were questions about the accuracy of the entries but that they frequently used Who s Who themselves in their work as journalists 8 In 2007 the reliability of Who s Who Online was praised by William Ashford Kelly 138 In 2014 the reliability of the Who s Who amp Who Was Who website was praised by Fred Burchsted 33 Subjects are not permitted to include libellous statements in their entries 47 In 2004 the publishing director for reference books of Bloomsbury which owns A amp C Black the publisher of Who s Who stated that if an inaccuracy was brought to the attention of the editors they would raise it with the biographee first If the biographee insisted or failed to respond however no correction would be issued The director stated that the vast majority of errors are sorted by mutual agreement between Who s Who and the biographee 8 Dates of birth edit In 2004 Crick and Rosenbaum wrote that the largest number of errors were in dates of birth 8 It has been reported that entries for Mohamed al Fayed 139 47 Anita Brookner 47 41 140 Ken Dodd 139 8 Susan Hampshire 139 47 8 Nanette Newman 139 and Nicholas Parsons 8 have displayed incorrect dates of birth The BBC claimed that when Brookner was asked by the editors of Who s Who whether she wanted her date of birth corrected she asked to have it blanked instead 47 Errors in the dates of birth of Mohamed al Fayed Ken Dodd and Susan Hampshire had previously been reported by Compton Miller editor of Who s Really Who in a book review of A amp C Black s Who s Who 1998 in which Compton Miller praised the entries for Mohamed al Fayed Ken Dodd and Susan Hampshire in his own book 141 It has been reported that the entry for Jimmy Wray has displayed a disputed date of birth 142 Particular entries edit In 2001 BBC News claimed that former MP Jeffrey Archer had listed Brasenose College Oxford under the education part of his Who s Who entry despite having no degree and having only attended a one year postgraduate physical education course 47 Previously in a 1997 letter to the editor of The Independent Paul Flather of Oxford University had written that the training course Archer had taken at Brasenose College was not strictly a university course and that his Who s Who entry also incorrectly listed his year of attendance 143 In 2004 Crick and Rosenbaum claimed that the entry for Archer had also listed an incorrect sum of money 8 The entry for Iain Duncan Smith in in particular Who s Who 2002 and Who s Who 2003 claimed that he had been educated at Univ di Perugia 144 This claim did not appear in Who s Who 2004 145 In 2002 BBC Newsnight reported that Duncan Smith had attended the Universita per Stranieri di Perugia and had never attended the Universita degli Studi di Perugia 146 The entry for James Gulliver in in particular Who s Who 1972 Who s Who 1973 Who s Who 1980 Who s Who 1985 and Who s Who 1986 stated that he had been educated at Harvard University 147 148 149 150 151 and did not mention that he had been educated at and had received an MSc from the Georgia Institute of Technology in 1954 The press repeatedly reported that Gulliver had received an MBA from Harvard Business School Those press reports were not correct He had in fact done a marketing course at Harvard Business School for three weeks in 1954 On 9 March 1986 Gulliver said that his Who s Who entry was not correct in relation to a degree achieved in 1954 152 153 154 The press had been informed of the error by a PR company working for an alcohol company that Gulliver s company had bid to takeover 155 156 Paddy Ashdown said that the PR company had performed a rather unsavoury and tawdry character assassination 157 The bald statement that Gulliver was educated at the Harvard University has been characterized as having a tendency to mislead 153 In 2004 Crick and Rosenbaum reported that Arthur Scargill had denied that his entry was completely accurate 8 Omissions edit In 2004 Crick and Rosenbaum named six people whose entries were claimed to have contained at least one omission at some point in time excluding entries claimed to have displayed at least one error at some point in time 8 Jeremy Paxman has calculated that only 8 of new entrants in 2008 made any reference to marital breakdown which is far below the national average 53 The non autobiographical entry for W S Gilbert in Who s Who 1897 and Who s Who 1898 did not include the fact that Gilbert had written seventy original dramas 64 63 Lists and tables editThe original nucleus of Who s Who consisted of tables 158 In a review of Who s Who 1903 the Surveyor and Municipal and County Engineer wrote From time to time it has been found necessary to remove some useful tables inserted in the front of the book in order to make room for the biographies and now the portentous increase of the latter has led to the complete removal of the tables with the exception of course of those devoted to the Royal Family and to obituaries The publishers hope to issue the various tables separately at a later date 159 The tables were moved into the Who s Who Year Book from the first edition of that year book the Who s Who Year Book 1904 onwards 160 Who Was Who editWhen the subject of a Who s Who entry dies the biography is transferred to the next volume of Who Was Who where it is usually printed as it appeared in its last Who s Who with the date of death added The first volume of Who Was Who covered deaths between 1897 and 1915 They were then published at 10 year intervals and since 1990 at five year intervals Who Was Who series 1897 1915 1988 reprint ISBN 0 7136 2670 4 1916 1928 1992 reprint ISBN 0 7136 3143 0 1929 1940 1967 reprint ISBN 0 7136 0171 X 1941 1950 1980 reprint ISBN 0 7136 2131 1 1951 1960 1984 reprint ISBN 0 7136 2598 8 1961 1970 1979 reprint ISBN 0 7136 2008 0 1971 1980 1989 reprint ISBN 0 7136 3227 5 1981 1990 1991 ISBN 0 7136 3336 0 1991 1995 1996 ISBN 0 7136 4496 6 1996 2000 2001 ISBN 0 7136 5439 2 2001 2005 2006 ISBN 0 7136 7601 9 2006 2010 2011 ISBN 9781408146583 2011 2015 2016 ISBN 9781472924322CorrectionsErrors contained in Who s Who entries are corrected in Who Was Who where necessary the deceased subjects cannot object to corrections because they are deceased 41 65 Cumulated indexThere is a cumulative index titled cumulated index Who Was Who A Cumulated Index 1897 to 1980 Published 1981 161 162 Cox said this index is useful 163 Who Was Who A Cumulated Index 1897 1990 Published 1991 Who Was Who A Cumulated Index 1897 2000 Published 2002 See also editList of biographical dictionariesReferences edit Who s Who in 2023 Who s Who amp Who Was Who WorldCat OCLC 230032229 26598317 56431030 301748088 1162806 40586111 and 664147939 a b Fritze Coutts and Vyhnanek Reference Sources in History An Introductory Guide ABC CLIO Second Edition 2004 p 201 Bloomsbury com Bloomsbury Who s Who www bloomsbury com Who s Who and Who Was Who Online oup com Pedersen Reference Publishing in Finkelstein and McCleery eds Edinburgh History of the Book in Scotland 2007 vol 4 p 346 at p 347 Waterstone s Guide to Books 1989 90 p 720 Wilson Research Guide in History 1974 p 81 An Indispensable Reference Work 1936 98 Chemical Trade Journal and Chemical Engineer 10 3 January 1936 1917 15 British Journal of Inebriety 173 a b Who s Who ukwhoswho com a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Rosenbaum Martin Crick Michael 10 July 2004 How to get into Who s Who The Spectator Reference in New Books and New Editions 1906 24 Book News 531 1 2 Arnold Levitas Editorial English Roy Press New York City 1924 p 248 There are similar comments in Book Reviews 1920 32 The Writer 77 and in Kroeger Guide to the Study and Use of Reference Books 3rd Ed 1917 p 137 who s who Macmillan Dictionary Christine Ammer The American Heritage Dictionary of Idioms Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company 1992 1997 2003 The Free Dictionary Farlex Who s Who Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English a b c More about Who s Who OUP a b c Waller Philip 2008 Writers Readers and Reputations Literary Life in Britain 1870 1918 Oxford University Press pp 420 423 ISBN 978 0 19 954120 1 Waller Philip J 1991 Town city and nation England 1850 1914 Repr ed Oxford Clarendon Press p 38 ISBN 978 0 19 289163 1 Cedric A Larson Sixty Years of American Eminence McDowell Obolensky New York 1958 p 22 Ogilvie Women and Science An Annotated Bibliography Garland Publishing 1996 p 501 www sfgate com William L Rivers Finding Facts Interviewing Observing Using Reference Sources Prentice Hall 1975 p 110 Rivers Reference Books for the Journalist University of Texas School of Journalism 1963 For a scan of the first edition see Google Books 3 4 Some recent additions to the Library ACU Bulletin of Current Documentation Issues 12 41 page 30 Association of Commonwealth Universities Google Books For reviews of The Academic Who s Who see 1973 49 International Affairs 529 RIIA JSTOR Academic Who s Who Glasgow Herald City Edition 10 February 1973 p 8 col 2 Academic Who s Who 1978 8 British Studies Monitor 53 5 6 The Library Journal Book Review 1973 p 1 7 The Academic Who s Who 1973 1974 1974 70 Book Review Digest 3 8 Reference 1973 10 Choice 593 9 1976 13 Choice 296 Issues 1 to 7 10 1976 101 Library Journal 2268 11 Dictionary of academics ACU Bulletin of Current Documentation Issues 1 11 p 20 12 1973 British Book News 286 13 For other commentary see Elizabeth M Moys Manual of Law Librarianship BIALL 1976 pp 410 amp 411 14 Second Edition GK Hall 1987 pp 373 amp 381 15 Bohdan S Wynar ed 641 The Academic Who s Who 1975 1976 in American Reference Books Annual 1977 Libraries Unlimited 1977 vol 8 p 311 16 Educators and Scholars 1975 2 Readers Advisory Service 60 Issues 76 to 150 17 1973 1 Reference Services Review 9 18 Ronald H Fritze Brian E Coutts and Louis Andrew Vyhnanek Reference Sources in History An Introductory Guide ABC CLIO Second Edition 2004 p 208 Walford s Guide to Reference Material Seventh Edition Library Association Publishing 1996 Volume 2 Para 5834 p 648 Annual Report The Library Association 1997 p 12 Yearbook 2009 CILIP 2008 p 476 New Serial Titles 1999 p 1877 Bopp and Smith Reference and Information Services An Introduction Third Edition Libraries Unlimited 2001 pp 390 amp 406 CD ROM and Web resource reviews 1999 4 Library Technology 46 at 47 No 3 June 1999 KnowUK 1999 28 Microform amp Imaging Review 77 No 3 Eliot and Rose eds A Companion to the History of the Book 2007 Wiley Blackwell 2009 p 459 Xrefer and A amp C Black team up for Who s Who Online in Intermediaries 2005 Scholarly Communications Report vol 9 no 2 February 2005 p 15 a b Whitlatch and Searing eds Guide to Reference Essential General Reference and Library Science Sources American Library Association 2014 Number 60 Albert Nelson Marquis in Obituary Notes 1944 145 Publishers Weekly 130 Google Books Alice Bertha Kroeger Guide to the Study and Use of Reference Books Third Edition American Library Association 1917 p 137 Ryan and Tankard Basic News Reporting Mayfield Publishing Company 1977 p 385 Frederic Boase Addison Henry Robert in Modern English Biography 1892 Volume 1 Page 1819 19 Frederic Boase Oakes Charles Henry in Modern English Biography 1897 Volume 2 Page 1871 Who s Who National Library of Australia Catalogue a b Margaretta Jolly ed Who s Who in Encyclopedia of Life Writing Autobiographical and Biographical Forms Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers 2001 Routledge 2013 ISBN 157958232X Volume 1 Page 939 a b c Melanie Cable Alexander The what s what of Who s Who in Perspectives The Financial Times 19 May 1990 Section II Weekend FT Weekend May 19 May 20 p viii This newspaper article contains the following passage But even if the living are allowed to edit their lives the real story can eventually be found behind the entries in Who Was Who In this volume white lies are laid low and the truth is made whole again because at that stage they won t know a thing about it Friedman Sam Reeves Aaron 15 April 2020 From Aristocratic to Ordinary Shifting Modes of Elite Distinction American Sociological Review 85 2 323 350 doi 10 1177 0003122420912941 ISSN 0003 1224 S2CID 218828282 This legitimacy has been demonstrated in a number of ways the book has long been considered the most valid catalogue of the British elite among elite scholars see e g Griffiths Miles and Savage 2008 Heath 1981 Kelsall 1955 Kirby 2016 Miles and Savage 2012 Stanworth and Giddens 1974 Friedman and Reeves 2020 328 Friedman Online Supplement p 3 Graeme C Moodie and Rowland Eustace Power amp Authority in British Universities George Allen amp Unwin 1974 p 213 Paul Levy Sex Lives and Deaths of British Worthies Wall Street Journal 9 August 1996 a b c d e f g h How to get in Who s Who BBC News 18 January 2001 Lord Lucan officially dead BBC News Online 27 October 1999 Lucan Who s Who 2016 p 1422 Lucan 7th Earl of Richard John Bingham born 18 Dec 1934 Who Was Who 1 December 2016 doi 10 1093 ww 9780199540884 013 U25051 Oxford Dictionary of National Biography Confidentiality in Biographees Who s Who amp Who Was Who a b c Paxman Jeremy 1 December 2007 Who s new in Who s Who The Daily Telegraph Archived from the original on 6 February 2008 1996 190 Country Life 36 For further commentary see Watts Diversity and Choice in Higher Education 1972 p 138 and A H Halsey The popularity of Oxford and Cambridge IIb A pyramid of prestige 1961 15 Universities Quarterly 342 No 4 September 1961 Works of Reference 1907 32 Law Magazine and Review 256 1910 21 The Expository Times 229 20 21 Who s Who 1936 45 Journal of the Royal Institute of British Architects 432 No 8 22 February 1936 Charles Moore Recreations Try a dip into Who s Who The Daily Telegraph 5 January 2010 ProQuest a b Valentine Low Latest Who s Who doesn t list Eddie Redmayne or Olivia Colman The Times 8 February 2021 Michael Grade is new BBC chairman BBC News 2 April 2004 Grade quits BBC post to join ITV BBC News 28 November 2006 Johnston Ian 6 December 2015 Benedict Cumberbatch Keira Knightley and Chiwetel Ejiofor among farcical omissions from Who s Who The Independent Retrieved 11 February 2022 a b c d Waller Writers Readers and Reputations Literary Life in Britain 1870 1918 OUP 2006 p 422 footnote 94 a b c Douglas Sladen Twenty Years of My Life Constable amp Company 1915 p 237 a b c About WHO S WHO amp WHO WAS WHO Archived from the original on 4 August 2023 Retrieved 13 September 2023 a b Who s Who in 2022 Who s Who amp Who Was Who Peter W Lea and Alan Edwin Day Printed Reference Material and Related Sources of Information Third Edition Library Association 1990 p 85 Reviews and Exchanges 1900 11 Nature Notes The Selborne Society s Magazine 135 22 23 24 A and C Black Limited v Claude Stacey Limited 1929 1 Ch 177 1928 44 Times Law Reports 347 1928 98 Law Journal Reports 131 Ch D Halsbury s Laws of England Fourth Edition 2006 Reissue LexisNexis Butterworths 2006 Volume 9 2 paragraph 111 at page 91 Michael J Marcuse A Reference Guide for English Studies University of California Press 1990 p 114 Sowerds and Chenoweth The Reference Librarian s Bible Libraries Unlimited 2018 p 49 Who s Who 1910 98 The Builder 20 1 January 1910 Reviews and Book Notices 1906 The Naturalist 56 Who s Who 1909 62 The Electrician 518 8 January 1909 Marke A Catalogue of the Law Collection at New York University 1953 p 1201 Brian White Studying for Science Spon Press 1991 p 48 Ferguson Name Games 1990 184 Country Life 121 1 March 1990 1898 29 World s Paper Trade Review 38 18 March 1898 1940 35 The AMA 43 January 1940 Literature 1942 58 The Scottish Law Review and Sheriff Court Reports 33 Malcolm J Campbell Manual of Business Library Practice Second Edition Clive Bingley London 1985 p 108 1903 96 The Saturday Review 808 26 December 1903 25 26 Who s Who 1904 41 World s Paper Trade Review 39 19 February 1904 Some Works of Reference in Reviews 1904 29 Law Magazine and Review Fifth Series 383 May 1904 27 28 Reviews 1903 38 The Law Journal 613 12 December 1903 Reviews 1905 9 The Accountant s Magazine 39 Who s Who 1905 1905 38 Canada Lancet 566 1904 39 The Law Journal 665 10 December 1904 1905 80 Engineering 882 29 December 1905 29 30 Notes on Books amp c 1905 4 Notes and Queries Tenth Series 540 30 December 1905 1906 8 The Library World 247 31 32 33 The Literature of the Day 1907 92 Congregationalist and Christian World 187 9 February 1907 Who s Who 1907 1907 54 The Standard 671 2 February 1907 Who s Who 1907 and other Publications 1907 10 Page s Weekly 142 18 January 1907 Book Reviews 1907 71 Medical Record 620 13 April 1907 Reviews 1907 34 United Service Magazine 455 Year Books for 1908 1908 125 The Dublin Journal of Medical Science 43 Book Notices 1908 62 The Electrical Review 177 31 January 1908 Who s Who 1908 in Works of Reference 1908 12 Page s Weekly 146 17 January 1908 1909 24 Country Life 888 19 December 1908 1909 2 Scots Law Times 15 23 January 1909 1909 17 The Empire Review 88 34 35 1909 39 American Review of Reviews 382 36 37 38 1910 33 Knowledge amp Scientific News 35 39 40 Who s Who 1910 1909 92 The Railway News 1114 25 December 1909 Reference Books 1909 26 Country Life 854 11 December 1909 1910 16 Page s Weekly 32 7 January 1910 Reviews 1933 77 Solicitors Journal 153 4 March 1933 Reviews and Notices of Books 1933 41 Journal of State Medicine 123 Reviews 1934 63 The Clinical Journal 88 64 The Burlington Magazine Reviews and Notices of Books 1934 42 Journal of State Medicine 182 Who s Who 1935 1935 147 Public Opinion 17 4 January 1935 1935 79 The Solicitors Journal 158 2 March 1935 Who s Who 1935 1935 69 Irish Law Times and Solicitors Journal 8 5 January 1935 Reviews 1935 64 The Clinical Journal 88 February 1935 Annuals and Reference Books 1936 141 Engineering 38 10 January 1936 Reviews 1936 70 Irish Law Times and Solicitors Journal 4 4 January 1936 Who s Who 1937 46 Municipal Journal amp Public Works Engineer 332 12 February 1937 Book Reviews 1937 1 Journal of the Royal Institute of Public Health and Hygiene 247 Shorter Notices 1938 15 The New Statesman and Nation 454 12 March 1938 Book Reviews 1939 2 Journal of the Royal Institute of Public Health and Hygiene 132 Book Reviews 1940 3 Journal of the Royal Institute of Public Health and Hygiene 24 41 42 Teachers Bookshelf 1939 7 The Tennessee Teacher 32 Book Reviews 1941 4 Journal of the Royal Institute of Public Health and Hygiene 37 1941 75 Irish Law Times and Solicitors Journal 58 1 March 1941 Who s Who 1941 1941 49 Municipal Journal amp Local Government Administrator 128 31 January 1941 Journal of the Royal Institute of Public Health and Hygiene 1942 vols 5 to 6 p 46 Review 1942 106 The Accountant 131 28 February 1942 Reviews of New Books 1943 209 Medical Press and Circular 144 3 March 1943 See also the review at 1943 10 Metallurgical Abstracts 100 Book Review 1944 7 Journal of the Royal Institute of Public Health and Hygiene 126 Reviews 1946 80 Irish Law Times and Solicitors Journal 267 19 October 1946 Subscription Books Bulletin April 1950 p 31 scan of vols 21 to 23 Ajit Kumar Mukherjee Manual of Reference Work World Press Private Ltd Calcutta 1957 p 87 Bohdan S Wynar Who s Who 1970 1971 American Reference Books Annual 1971 Second Edition Libraries Unlimited para 211 p 77 at p 78 Reference and Subscription Books Reviews 1972 1974 American Library Association 1975 p 385 at p 386 John R M Wilson Research Guide in History General Learning Press 1974 p 81 Peterson Reference Books for Elementary and Junior High School Libraries Second Edition Scarecrow Press 1975 p 83 Caskey Who s Who 1982 1983 Bohdan S Wynar ed American Reference Books Annual 1983 Libraries Unlimited vol 14 para 99 p 47 at p 48 Caskey Who s Who 1985 1986 Bohdan S Wynar ed Best Reference Books 1981 1985 Libraries Unlimited 1986 para 123 p 66 Wilson A New Research Guide in History Palisades Publishers 1986 p 33 Yury Boshyk and Robert L Dilworth Action Learning History and Evolution Palgrave Macmillan 2010 p 252 Glenda Norquay Voices and Votes A Literary Anthology of the Women s Suffrage Campaign Manchester University Press 1995 p 306 www rosenbaum org uk William A Kelly Who s Who Online 2007 21 Reference Reviews 63 ProQuest Emerald Insight See further Online Databases Library amp Information Science Abstracts Library Association 2007 No 6085 at p 47 a b c d Kate Watson Smyth 150 years for the guide to who s who and what s what The Independent 24 March 1998 See further The Times Diary The Times 30 October 1984 p 10 Compton Miller Who says other names don t smell as sweet The Times 22 January 1998 p 37 Ex Labour MP Jimmy Wray son of Gorbals dies The Herald 25 May 2013 Flather PCR 9 August 1997 Letter Oxford year s The Independent Retrieved 23 March 2022 Duncan Smith Rt Hon George Iain Who s Who 2002 Palgrave New York USA 2002 p 614 Duncan Smith Rt Hon George Iain Who s Who 2003 A amp C Black London 2003 p 620 Duncan Smith Rt Hon George Iain Who s Who 2004 Palgrave Macmillan New York USA 2004 p 630 Newsnight reveals inaccuracies in Iain Duncan Smith s CV BBC News 19 December 2002 BBC Press Office Press release Gulliver James Gerald Who s Who 1972 1973 Who s Who 1972 St Martin s Press New York 1972 p 1322 Gulliver James Gerald Who s Who 1973 Adam and Charles Black 1973 p 1338 Gulliver James Gerald Who s Who 1980 1981 Who s Who 1980 St Martin s Press New York 1980 p 1055 Gulliver James Gerald Who s Who 1985 A amp C Black 1985 p 793 Gulliver James Gerald Who s Who 1986 A amp C Black 1986 p 718 Argyll chief says he will not resign The Times 10 March 1986 p 1 a b City Staff Gulliver will not resign The Times 10 March 1986 p 17 Michael Dixon The risk of keeping skeletons in cupboards in Jobs The Financial Times 13 March 1986 Appointments adv p I Martin Dickson UK Takeover Battles Bulls shake the china shop The Financial Times 12 March 1986 p 17 David Goodhart Distillers denies being involved in dirty tricks The Financial Times 13 March 1986 p 26 Paddy Ashdown HC Deb 12 March 1986 col 958 Parliamentary Debates Official Report Sixth Series vol 93 Miscellaneous 1904 57 The Educational Times 1 March 1904 Notices and Reviews of Books 1903 14 The Liberty Review 287 December 1903 Reviews and Notices of Books 1904 19 The Pharmaceutical Journal 879 10 December 1904 Some Recent Publications 1903 23 Surveyor and Municipal and County Engineer 40 9 January 1903 Books of the Year The Reformers Year Book 1905 p 240 Kroeger and Mudge Guide to Reference Books Third Edition American Library Association 1917 p 137 Hugo Vickers Help at hand for the malignant in Books for Christmas 3 The Times Saturday 24 November 1984 The Times Saturday Books for Christmas A Weekly Guide to Leisure Entertainment and the Arts Saturday 24 30 November 1984 p 13 Auberon Waugh Connections Books and Bookmen Number 316 January 1982 p 12 Richard William Cox British Sport Frank Cass 2003 vol 3 p xxxiFurther reading editBallou Reference Books PACAF Library Service Center Fifth Air Force Pacific Air Forces 1 September 1968 pp 178 amp 179 Fritze Coutts and Vyhnanek Reference Sources in History An Introductory Guide ABC CLIO Second Edition 2004 pp 199 amp 201 James L Harner Literary Research Guide Fifth Edition MLA 2008 p 188 Birch and Hooper The Concise Oxford Companion to English Literature Fourth Edition 2012 p 772 What s What of Who s Who Western Mail 15 December 2001 TheFreeLibrary Gary Archer Review of Who s Who Online 2013 edition 2013 29 Refer 3 No 1 Spring 2013 ProQuest Malcolm Gladwell Nice to meet you But what on earth are you doing here in Books in The week in Reviews The Observer 11 January 1998 ProQuest Richard Ingrams Who s odd 1983 250 The Spectator 2 April 1983 p 16 Spectator Review of Who s Who 1983 Alan Watkins Who he 1979 242 The Spectator 12 May 1979 p 22 ProQuest Spectator Review of Who s Who 1979 The Longest Novel 1970 258 Punch 731 13 May 1970 Review of Who s Who 1970 Curious Facts about Famous People 1963 44 Time and Tide 26 21 to 27 March 1963 Review of Who s Who 1963 Reviewed work Who s Who Journal of the Royal Society of Arts 92 4676 618 619 1944 JSTOR 41362125 Reviewed work Who s Who 1940 the Writers and Artists Year Book 1940 the Official Year Book of the Scientific and Learned Societies of Great Britain and Ireland Journal of the Royal Society of Arts 88 4558 502 1940 JSTOR 41402209 Reviewed work Who s Who 1938 Journal of the Royal Society of Arts 86 4449 355 1938 JSTOR 41361252 Reviewed work Who s Who 1937 Journal of the Royal Society of Arts 85 4388 168 1936 JSTOR 41360910 Reviewed work Whitaker s Almanack 1915 Who s Who 1915 The Burlington Magazine for Connoisseurs 26 143 216 217 1915 JSTOR 859969 Reviewed work Who s Who 1910 Who s Who Year Book 1910 the Writers and Artists Year Book 1910 the Englishwoman s Year Book 1910 The Burlington Magazine for Connoisseurs 16 82 237 1910 JSTOR 858036 Reviewed work Who s Who 1909 the English Woman s Year Book and Directory G E Mitton Who s Who Year Book for 1909 the Writer s and Artist s Year Book 1909 The Burlington Magazine for Connoisseurs 14 70 249 1909 JSTOR 857772 1903 19 Law Quarterly Review 109 Internet Archive Google Books 1903 37 Law Journal 611 Google Books Current Literature The Spectator 4 February 1865 p 20 43 External links edit nbsp Wikisource has original text related to this article Who Was Who Official website nbsp Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Who 27s Who UK amp oldid 1206300733, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

article

, read, download, free, free download, mp3, video, mp4, 3gp, jpg, jpeg, gif, png, picture, music, song, movie, book, game, games.