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Waves (Juno)

January 01, 1970

Waves is an experiment on the Juno spacecraft for studying radio and plasma waves.[1][2] It is part of a collection of various types of instruments and experiments on the spacecraft; Waves is oriented towards understanding fields and particles in the Jupiter's magnetosphere.[2] Waves is on board the uncrewed Juno spacecraft, which was launched in 2011 and arrived at Jupiter in the summer of 2016.[1] The major focus of study for Waves is Jupiter's magnetosphere, which if could be seen from Earth would be about twice the size of a full moon.[3] The magnetosphere has a tear drop shape, and that tail extends away from the Sun by at least 5 AU (Earth-Sun distances).[3] The Waves instrument is designed to help understand the interaction between Jupiter's atmosphere, its magnetic field, its magnetosphere, and to understand Jupiter's auroras.[4] It is designed to detect radio frequencies from 50 Hz up to 40,000,000 Hz (40 MHz),[5] and magnetic fields from 50 Hz to 20,000 Hz (20 kHz).[6] It has two main sensors: a dipole antenna and a magnetic search coil.[6] The dipole antenna has two whip antennas that extend 2.8 meters (110 inches/ 9.1 feet) and are attached to the main body of the spacecraft.[6][7] This sensor has been compared to a rabbit-ear TV antenna.[8] The search coil is overall a Mu-metal rod 15 cm (6 in) in length with a fine copper wire wound 10,000 times around it.[6] There are also two frequency receivers that each cover certain bands.[6] Data handling is done by two radiation-hardened systems on a chip.[6] The data handling units are located inside the Juno Radiation Vault.[9] Waves is allocated 410 Mbits of data per science orbit.[9]

Components of Waves
Waves data as Juno crosses the Jovian bow shock (June 2016)
Waves data Juno enters Magnetopause (June 2016)
Waves being installed on Juno spacecraft
Jupiter aurora; the bright spot at far left is the end of field line to Io; spots at bottom lead to Ganymede and Europa. Captured by Hubble Space Telescope from Earth orbit in ultraviolet, represented one way to study Jupiter's aurora, which will also be studied by the Waves instrument from orbit, detecting radio and plasma waves in situ
The path of the Ulysses spacecraft through the magnetosphere of Jupiter in 1992, shows the location of the Jovian bow shock.
This illustration shows how the Jovian magnetosphere is thought to interact with the incoming solar wind (yellow arrows)
Chandra (AXAF) observation of Jupiter's X-rays gave everyone a surprise at the turn of millennium when its high-angular resolution showed that Jovian X-rays were coming from the poles

On June 24, 2016, the Waves instrument recorded Juno passing across Jupiter's magnetic field's bow shock.[3] It took about two hours for the uncrewed spacecraft to cross this region of space.[3] On June 25, 2016, it encountered the magnetopause.[3] Juno would go on to enter Jupiter's orbit in July 2016.[3] The magnetosphere blocks the charged particles of the solar wind, with the number of solar wind particles Juno encountered dropping 100-fold when it entered the Jovian magnetosphere.[3] Before Juno entered it, it was encountering about 16 solar wind particles per cubic inch of space.[3]

There are various other antennas on Juno, including the communications antennas and the antenna for the Microwave Radiometer.[9]

Two other instruments help understand the magnetosphere of Jupiter, Jovian Auroral Distributions Experiment (JIRAM) and Magnetometer (MAG).[10] The JEDI instrument measures higher energy ions and electrons and JADE lower energy ones; they are complementary.[10] Another object of study is plasma generated by volcanism on the moon Io and Waves should help understand that phenomenon.[6]

A primary objective of the Juno mission is to explore the polar magnetosphere of Jupiter. While Ulysses briefly attained latitudes of ~48 degrees, this was at relatively large distances from Jupiter (~8.6 RJ). Hence, the polar magnetosphere of Jupiter is largely uncharted territory and, in particular, the auroral acceleration region has never been visited. ...

— A Wave Investigation for the Juno Mission to Jupiter[11]

One issue that came up in 2002 was when the Chandra X-ray Observatory determined with its high angular resolution that X-rays were coming from Jupiter's poles.[12] The Einstein Observatory and Germany's ROSAT previously observed X-rays from Jupiter.[12] The new results by Chandra, which took the observations during December 2000, showed X-rays coming from the magnetic north pole, but not the aurorae.[12] Roughly every 45 minutes Jupiter sends out a multi-gigawatt X-ray pulse, and this is synchronized with an emission in radio at 1 to 200 kHz.[12] The Galileo Jupiter orbiter and Ulysses solar orbiter picked up the radio emissions every 45 minutes.[12] The radio emissions were discovered before the X-rays (they have been detected since the 1950s), and there is even a citizen astronomy project organized by NASA called Radio Jove for anyone to listen to Jupiter's radio signals.[13][14] Kilometric radio radiation was not detected until the Voyager flybys of Jupiter in the late 1970s.[14] Two candidates for the source of the X-rays are particles of solar wind and particles from Io.[12]

Waves was developed at the University of Iowa, and the experiment is led by a research scientist there.[8]

Sensors edit

There are two main sensors for Waves, and these field signals to the frequency receivers.[6] Both sensors are attached to the main spacecraft body.[6]

The MSC is made of a rod of Mu-metal (a ferromagnetic alloy of nickel and iron) wrapped in fine copper wire.[6]

Frequency receiver edit

There are two frequency receivers that each cover certain bands, a high band and a low band, which in turn has different receiving sections.[6] The receivers are housed in the Juno Radiation Vault along with other electronics.[9]

Breakdown:[6]

All outputs are sent to the Data Processing Unit (DPU)[6]

Data Processing Unit (DPU) edit

The output from the frequency receivers is in turn processed by the Juno DPU.[6] The DPU has two microprocessors that use field programmable gate arrays are they are both system on chip designs.[6] The two chips:[6]

The DPU sends data to the main Juno computer for communication with Earth.[6] The electronics are in the Juno Radiation Vault along with the receivers.[9]

Multimedia edit

Waves has detected radio emissions from the Jupiter auroras, the most powerful known in the Solar System to date.[15]

This video with sound translates the radio frequency into sound waves, and includes an infographic of those sounds as it replays. The video was created with data recorded by the Waves instrument

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ a b Greicius, Tony (2015-03-13). "Juno Spacecraft and Instruments". NASA. Retrieved 2017-01-04.
  2. ^ a b Brown, Geoff (2016-06-30). "NASA's Juno and JEDI prepare to unlock the mysteries of Jupiter". The Hub. Retrieved 2017-01-04.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h Greicius, Tony (2016-06-29). "NASA's Juno Spacecraft Enters Jupiter's Magnetic Field". NASA. Retrieved 2017-01-05.
  4. ^ "Juno's Instruments | Mission Juno". Mission Juno. Retrieved 2017-01-05.
  5. ^ Sampl, M.; Oswald, T.; Rucker, H. O.; Karlsson, R.; Plettemeier, D.; Kurth, W. S. (November 2011). "First results of the JUNO/Waves antenna investigations". 2011 Loughborough Antennas & Propagation Conference. pp. 1–4. doi:10.1109/LAPC.2011.6114038. ISBN 978-1-4577-1016-2. S2CID 21869123.
  6. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab "The Juno Waves investigation" (PDF). Retrieved November 12, 2022.
  7. ^ "Jupiter rendezvous". 2016-06-29.
  8. ^ a b "Juno, and its University of Iowa-built instrument, about to reach Jupiter | The Gazette". The Gazette. Retrieved 2017-02-08.
  9. ^ a b c d e "Key and Driving Requirements for the Juno Payload Suite of Instruments" (PDF). Retrieved November 12, 2022.
  10. ^ a b . Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Laboratory. June 29, 2016. Archived from the original on March 24, 2017. Retrieved November 12, 2022.
  11. ^ Kurth, et al - A Wave Investigation for the Juno Mission to Jupiter - 2008
  12. ^ a b c d e f "Puzzling X-rays from Jupiter | Science Mission Directorate". science.nasa.gov. Retrieved 2017-02-08.
  13. ^ Sky and Telescope - The Radio Jove Project: Listening in on Jupiter - 2013
  14. ^ a b John W. McAnally (2007). Jupiter: and How to Observe It. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 82. ISBN 978-1-84628-727-5.
  15. ^ "Juno Sends Back Incredible New Images of Jupiter | Planetary Science, Space Exploration | Sci-News.com". Breaking Science News | Sci-News.com. Retrieved 2018-01-24.

External links edit

  • NASA Juno Spacecraft and Instruments
  • Juno instruments (Videos)

January 01, 1970
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Waves is an experiment on the Juno spacecraft for studying radio and plasma waves 1 2 It is part of a collection of various types of instruments and experiments on the spacecraft Waves is oriented towards understanding fields and particles in the Jupiter s magnetosphere 2 Waves is on board the uncrewed Juno spacecraft which was launched in 2011 and arrived at Jupiter in the summer of 2016 1 The major focus of study for Waves is Jupiter s magnetosphere which if could be seen from Earth would be about twice the size of a full moon 3 The magnetosphere has a tear drop shape and that tail extends away from the Sun by at least 5 AU Earth Sun distances 3 The Waves instrument is designed to help understand the interaction between Jupiter s atmosphere its magnetic field its magnetosphere and to understand Jupiter s auroras 4 It is designed to detect radio frequencies from 50 Hz up to 40 000 000 Hz 40 MHz 5 and magnetic fields from 50 Hz to 20 000 Hz 20 kHz 6 It has two main sensors a dipole antenna and a magnetic search coil 6 The dipole antenna has two whip antennas that extend 2 8 meters 110 inches 9 1 feet and are attached to the main body of the spacecraft 6 7 This sensor has been compared to a rabbit ear TV antenna 8 The search coil is overall a Mu metal rod 15 cm 6 in in length with a fine copper wire wound 10 000 times around it 6 There are also two frequency receivers that each cover certain bands 6 Data handling is done by two radiation hardened systems on a chip 6 The data handling units are located inside the Juno Radiation Vault 9 Waves is allocated 410 Mbits of data per science orbit 9 Components of Waves Waves data as Juno crosses the Jovian bow shock June 2016 Waves data Juno enters Magnetopause June 2016 Waves being installed on Juno spacecraft Jupiter aurora the bright spot at far left is the end of field line to Io spots at bottom lead to Ganymede and Europa Captured by Hubble Space Telescope from Earth orbit in ultraviolet represented one way to study Jupiter s aurora which will also be studied by the Waves instrument from orbit detecting radio and plasma waves in situ The path of the Ulysses spacecraft through the magnetosphere of Jupiter in 1992 shows the location of the Jovian bow shock This illustration shows how the Jovian magnetosphere is thought to interact with the incoming solar wind yellow arrows Chandra AXAF observation of Jupiter s X rays gave everyone a surprise at the turn of millennium when its high angular resolution showed that Jovian X rays were coming from the poles On June 24 2016 the Waves instrument recorded Juno passing across Jupiter s magnetic field s bow shock 3 It took about two hours for the uncrewed spacecraft to cross this region of space 3 On June 25 2016 it encountered the magnetopause 3 Juno would go on to enter Jupiter s orbit in July 2016 3 The magnetosphere blocks the charged particles of the solar wind with the number of solar wind particles Juno encountered dropping 100 fold when it entered the Jovian magnetosphere 3 Before Juno entered it it was encountering about 16 solar wind particles per cubic inch of space 3 There are various other antennas on Juno including the communications antennas and the antenna for the Microwave Radiometer 9 Two other instruments help understand the magnetosphere of Jupiter Jovian Auroral Distributions Experiment JIRAM and Magnetometer MAG 10 The JEDI instrument measures higher energy ions and electrons and JADE lower energy ones they are complementary 10 Another object of study is plasma generated by volcanism on the moon Io and Waves should help understand that phenomenon 6 A primary objective of the Juno mission is to explore the polar magnetosphere of Jupiter While Ulysses briefly attained latitudes of 48 degrees this was at relatively large distances from Jupiter 8 6 RJ Hence the polar magnetosphere of Jupiter is largely uncharted territory and in particular the auroral acceleration region has never been visited A Wave Investigation for the Juno Mission to Jupiter 11 One issue that came up in 2002 was when the Chandra X ray Observatory determined with its high angular resolution that X rays were coming from Jupiter s poles 12 The Einstein Observatory and Germany s ROSAT previously observed X rays from Jupiter 12 The new results by Chandra which took the observations during December 2000 showed X rays coming from the magnetic north pole but not the aurorae 12 Roughly every 45 minutes Jupiter sends out a multi gigawatt X ray pulse and this is synchronized with an emission in radio at 1 to 200 kHz 12 The Galileo Jupiter orbiter and Ulysses solar orbiter picked up the radio emissions every 45 minutes 12 The radio emissions were discovered before the X rays they have been detected since the 1950s and there is even a citizen astronomy project organized by NASA called Radio Jove for anyone to listen to Jupiter s radio signals 13 14 Kilometric radio radiation was not detected until the Voyager flybys of Jupiter in the late 1970s 14 Two candidates for the source of the X rays are particles of solar wind and particles from Io 12 Waves was developed at the University of Iowa and the experiment is led by a research scientist there 8 Contents 1 Sensors 2 Frequency receiver 3 Data Processing Unit DPU 4 Multimedia 5 See also 6 References 7 External linksSensors editThere are two main sensors for Waves and these field signals to the frequency receivers 6 Both sensors are attached to the main spacecraft body 6 Dipole antenna Magnetic search coil The MSC is made of a rod of Mu metal a ferromagnetic alloy of nickel and iron wrapped in fine copper wire 6 Frequency receiver editThere are two frequency receivers that each cover certain bands a high band and a low band which in turn has different receiving sections 6 The receivers are housed in the Juno Radiation Vault along with other electronics 9 Breakdown 6 High Frequency Receiver 6 High Frequency Receiver 100 kHz 40 MHz Spectrum High and Waveform Low 6 High Frequency Waveform Receiver 6 Baseband receiver includes 6 variable gain amplifier 6 100 Hz to 3 MHz band pass filter 6 12 bit analog to digital converter 6 Double sideband heterodyne receiver for 3 to 40 MHz swept frequency receiver 6 Low Frequency Receiver 6 High Low Frequency Receiver 10 kHz 150 kHz E waveform 6 Low Low Frequency Receiver 50 Hz 20 kHz E and B waveforms 6 All outputs are sent to the Data Processing Unit DPU 6 Data Processing Unit DPU editThe output from the frequency receivers is in turn processed by the Juno DPU 6 The DPU has two microprocessors that use field programmable gate arrays are they are both system on chip designs 6 The two chips 6 Y180 intellectual property core Floating point arithmetic unit The DPU sends data to the main Juno computer for communication with Earth 6 The electronics are in the Juno Radiation Vault along with the receivers 9 Multimedia editWaves has detected radio emissions from the Jupiter auroras the most powerful known in the Solar System to date 15 source source source source source source source This video with sound translates the radio frequency into sound waves and includes an infographic of those sounds as it replays The video was created with data recorded by the Waves instrumentSee also editOther instruments on Juno Microwave Radiometer Jovian Infrared Auroral Mapper Magnetometer Gravity Science Jovian Auroral Distributions Experiment Jovian Energetic Particle Detector Instrument Ultraviolet Imaging Spectrograph JunoCam Public outreach camera Radio Plasma Waves in plasmas Ulysses spacecraft Magnetosphere of Jupiter Radio astronomy FIELDS investigation on the Parker Solar Probe launched summer of 2018 Plasma Wave Subsystem Instrument on the Voyager probes References edit a b Greicius Tony 2015 03 13 Juno Spacecraft and Instruments NASA Retrieved 2017 01 04 a b Brown Geoff 2016 06 30 NASA s Juno and JEDI prepare to unlock the mysteries of Jupiter The Hub Retrieved 2017 01 04 a b c d e f g h Greicius Tony 2016 06 29 NASA s Juno Spacecraft Enters Jupiter s Magnetic Field NASA Retrieved 2017 01 05 Juno s Instruments Mission Juno Mission Juno Retrieved 2017 01 05 Sampl M Oswald T Rucker H O Karlsson R Plettemeier D Kurth W S November 2011 First results of the JUNO Waves antenna investigations 2011 Loughborough Antennas amp Propagation Conference pp 1 4 doi 10 1109 LAPC 2011 6114038 ISBN 978 1 4577 1016 2 S2CID 21869123 a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab The Juno Waves investigation PDF Retrieved November 12 2022 Jupiter rendezvous 2016 06 29 a b Juno and its University of Iowa built instrument about to reach Jupiter The Gazette The Gazette Retrieved 2017 02 08 a b c d e Key and Driving Requirements for the Juno Payload Suite of Instruments PDF Retrieved November 12 2022 a b Press Release NASA s Juno and JEDI Ready to Unlock Mysteries of Jupiter Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Laboratory June 29 2016 Archived from the original on March 24 2017 Retrieved November 12 2022 Kurth et al A Wave Investigation for the Juno Mission to Jupiter 2008 a b c d e f Puzzling X rays from Jupiter Science Mission Directorate science nasa gov Retrieved 2017 02 08 Sky and Telescope The Radio Jove Project Listening in on Jupiter 2013 a b John W McAnally 2007 Jupiter and How to Observe It Springer Science amp Business Media p 82 ISBN 978 1 84628 727 5 Juno Sends Back Incredible New Images of Jupiter Planetary Science Space Exploration Sci News com Breaking Science News Sci News com Retrieved 2018 01 24 External links editNASA Juno Spacecraft and Instruments Juno instruments Videos Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Waves Juno amp oldid 1219010191, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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