The Warka Vase or Uruk vase is a slim carved alabaster vessel found in the temple complex of the Sumerian goddess Inanna in the ruins of the ancient city of Uruk, located in the modern Al Muthanna Governorate, in southern Iraq. Like the Uruk Trough and the Narmer Palette from Egypt, it is one of the earliest surviving works of narrative relief sculpture, dated to c. 3200–3000 BC.[1] Simple relief sculpture is also known from much earlier periods, from the site of Göbekli Tepe, dating to circa 9000 BC.
The bottom register displays naturalistic components of life, including water and plants, such as date palm, barley, and wheat. On the upper portion of the lowest register, alternating rams and ewes march in a single file. The middle register conveys naked men carrying baskets of foodstuffs symbolizing offerings. Lastly, the top register depicts the goddess Inanna accepting a votive offer.[2]Inanna stands at the front portion of the gate surrounded by her richly filled shrine and storehouse (identifiable by two reed door poles with dangling banners). This scene may illustrate a reproduction of the ritual marriage between the goddess and Dumuzi, her consort that ensures Uruk's continued vitality.[2] The vase depicts an example of hierarchy being a portion of nature, and, according to anthropologist Susan Pollock, shows that social and natural hierarchies were most likely akin to each other in ancient Mesopotamia.[3]
The vase was discovered as a collection of fragments by German Assyriologists in their sixth excavation season at Uruk in 1933/1934. The find was recorded as find number W14873 in the expedition's field book under an entry dated 2 January 1934, which read "Großes Gefäß aus Alabaster, ca. 96 cm hoch mit Flachrelief" ("large container of alabaster, circa 96 cm high with flat-reliefs").[4] The vase, which showed signs of being repaired in antiquity, stood 3 feet 1⁄4 inch (0.921 m) tall.[1] Other sources cite it as having been a slightly taller 106 cm, with an upper diameter of 36 cm.[5][6] It is named after the modern village of Warka – known as Uruk to the ancient Sumerians. A plaster cast was made of the original and this reproduction stood for many decades in room 5 of the Near-Eastern Museum in Berlin (Vorderasiatisches Museum Berlin), Germany.[5]
Decorationedit
The vase has three registers – or tiers – of carving. The bottom register depicts the vegetation in the Tigris and Euphrates delta, such as the natural reeds and cultivated grain. Above this vegetation is a procession of animals, such as ram and sheep presented in a strict profile view. The procession continues in the second register with nude males carrying bowls and jars of sacrificial elements, such as fruit and grain. The top register is a full scene, rather than a continuous pattern. In this register, the procession ends at the temple area. Inanna, one of the chief goddesses of Mesopotamia and later known as Ishtar in the Akkadianpantheon, stands, signified by two bundles of reeds behind her. She is being offered a bowl of fruit and grain by a nude figure. The en of Uruk dressed in a ceremonial kilt and long belt faces her leading the procession.[7]
Warka vase
The votive Warka Vase within its display case at the Sumerian Gallery of the Iraq Museum. It is about 1 meter tall.
The vase shows presentation scenes to goddess Inanna.
Top register, Warka Vase, Iraq Museum
Top register, Warka Vase, Iraq Museum
Top register, Warka Vase, Iraq Museum
Top register, Warka Vase, Iraq Museum
Middle register, Warka Vase, Iraq Museum
Lower register, Warka Vase, Iraq Museum
Theft and restorationedit
Replica of the vase in the Pergamon Museum in Berlin, Germany
The Warka Vase was one of the thousands of artifacts which were looted from the National Museum of Iraq during the 2003 Invasion of Iraq. In April 2003,[6] it was forcibly wrenched from the case where it was mounted, snapping at the base (the foot of the vase remaining attached to the base of the smashed display case.[8]
The vase was later returned during an amnesty to the Iraq Museum on 12 June 2003 by three unidentified men in their early twenties, driving a red Toyota vehicle. As reported by a correspondent for The Times newspaper,
As they struggled to lift a large object wrapped in a blanket out of the boot, the American guards on the gate raised their weapons. For a moment, a priceless 5,000-year-old vase thought to have been lost in looting after the fall of Baghdad seemed about to meet its end. But one of the men peeled back the blanket to reveal carved alabaster pieces that were clearly something extraordinary. Three feet high and weighing 600 lb intact, this was the Sacred Vase of Warka, regarded by experts as one of the most precious of all the treasures taken during looting that shocked the world in the chaos following the fall of Baghdad. Broken in antiquity and stuck together, it was once again in pieces.[9]
Soon after the vase's return, broken into 14 pieces,[10] it was announced that the vase would be restored.[11] A pair of comparison photographs, released by the Oriental Institute, Chicago, showed significant damage (as of the day of return, 12 June 2003) to the top and bottom of the vessel.[12]
The fully restored Warka Vase (museum number IM19606)[6] is now on display in the Iraq Museum.
See alsoedit
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Warka Vase.
^ abKleiner, Fred S.; Mamiya, Christin J. (2006). Gardner's Art Through the Ages: The Western Perspective – Volume 1 (12th ed.). Belmont, California, USA: Thomson Wadsworth. pp. 20–21. ISBN0-495-00479-0.
^ abStokstad, Marilyn (2018). Art History. Upper Saddle River: Pearson. p. 30. ISBN9780134479279.
^Pollock, Susan (1999). Ancient Mesopotamia: The Eden that Never Was. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 189–191. ISBN0521575680.
^Ralf B. Wartke, "Eine Vermißtenliste (2): Die "Warka-Vase" aus Bagdad 28 September 2007 at the Wayback Machine", Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung 26 April 2003, Nbr 97, page 39.. English translation here. (The author is a deputy director of the Berliner Vorderasiatischen Museums).
^ abRalf B. Wartke, "Eine Vermißtenliste (2): Die "Warka-Vase" aus Bagdad 28 September 2007 at the Wayback Machine", Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung 26 April 2003, Nbr 97, page 39.. English translatio here.
^Schamandt-Besserat, D. Frangipane, M. (ed.). "Images of Enship". Between the Rivers and Over the Mountains. Rome: Universita di Roma: 201–209. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
^Ch. Lamb, "Just 32 Prize Items Still Missing as Iraq’s Treasures Flood Back", The Times, 15 June 2003. Archive website accessed 8 June 2007. The original URL for this article is now dead.
^Jenkins, Simon (8 June 2007). "In Iraq's four-year looting frenzy, the allies have become the vandals". The Guardian. UK. Retrieved 8 June 2007.
^Memmott, Mark (18 June 2003). "Iraqi museum to repair broken 5,000-year-old vase". USA TODAY. Retrieved 29 January 2007.
^Clemens D. Reichel, "Iraq Museum Project", in The Oriental Institute 2002–2003 Annual Report.
Fiona Curruthers, "Iraq Museum resembled 'emergency ward'", University of Sydney News, 19 September 2003. (Colour image of pre-war Warka Vase, as well as missing "Lady of Uruk (Warka)" stone head).
The Iraq Museum Database (hosted by the Oriental Institute, Chicago)
October 28, 2023
warka, vase, uruk, vase, slim, carved, alabaster, vessel, found, temple, complex, sumerian, goddess, inanna, ruins, ancient, city, uruk, located, modern, muthanna, governorate, southern, iraq, like, uruk, trough, narmer, palette, from, egypt, earliest, survivi. The Warka Vase or Uruk vase is a slim carved alabaster vessel found in the temple complex of the Sumerian goddess Inanna in the ruins of the ancient city of Uruk located in the modern Al Muthanna Governorate in southern Iraq Like the Uruk Trough and the Narmer Palette from Egypt it is one of the earliest surviving works of narrative relief sculpture dated to c 3200 3000 BC 1 Simple relief sculpture is also known from much earlier periods from the site of Gobekli Tepe dating to circa 9000 BC Warka VaseThe original Warka Vase dated to c 3200 3000 BC National Museum of Iraq March 2019 MaterialAlabasterCreatedc 3200 3000 BCPresent locationIraq Museum IraqUrukShow map of Near EastUrukShow map of IraqThe bottom register displays naturalistic components of life including water and plants such as date palm barley and wheat On the upper portion of the lowest register alternating rams and ewes march in a single file The middle register conveys naked men carrying baskets of foodstuffs symbolizing offerings Lastly the top register depicts the goddess Inanna accepting a votive offer 2 Inanna stands at the front portion of the gate surrounded by her richly filled shrine and storehouse identifiable by two reed door poles with dangling banners This scene may illustrate a reproduction of the ritual marriage between the goddess and Dumuzi her consort that ensures Uruk s continued vitality 2 The vase depicts an example of hierarchy being a portion of nature and according to anthropologist Susan Pollock shows that social and natural hierarchies were most likely akin to each other in ancient Mesopotamia 3 Contents 1 Discovery 2 Decoration 3 Theft and restoration 4 See also 5 References 6 External linksDiscovery editThe vase was discovered as a collection of fragments by German Assyriologists in their sixth excavation season at Uruk in 1933 1934 The find was recorded as find number W14873 in the expedition s field book under an entry dated 2 January 1934 which read Grosses Gefass aus Alabaster ca 96 cm hoch mit Flachrelief large container of alabaster circa 96 cm high with flat reliefs 4 The vase which showed signs of being repaired in antiquity stood 3 feet 1 4 inch 0 921 m tall 1 Other sources cite it as having been a slightly taller 106 cm with an upper diameter of 36 cm 5 6 It is named after the modern village of Warka known as Uruk to the ancient Sumerians A plaster cast was made of the original and this reproduction stood for many decades in room 5 of the Near Eastern Museum in Berlin Vorderasiatisches Museum Berlin Germany 5 Decoration editThe vase has three registers or tiers of carving The bottom register depicts the vegetation in the Tigris and Euphrates delta such as the natural reeds and cultivated grain Above this vegetation is a procession of animals such as ram and sheep presented in a strict profile view The procession continues in the second register with nude males carrying bowls and jars of sacrificial elements such as fruit and grain The top register is a full scene rather than a continuous pattern In this register the procession ends at the temple area Inanna one of the chief goddesses of Mesopotamia and later known as Ishtar in the Akkadian pantheon stands signified by two bundles of reeds behind her She is being offered a bowl of fruit and grain by a nude figure The en of Uruk dressed in a ceremonial kilt and long belt faces her leading the procession 7 Warka vase nbsp The votive Warka Vase within its display case at the Sumerian Gallery of the Iraq Museum It is about 1 meter tall nbsp The vase shows presentation scenes to goddess Inanna nbsp Top register Warka Vase Iraq Museum nbsp Top register Warka Vase Iraq Museum nbsp Top register Warka Vase Iraq Museum nbsp Top register Warka Vase Iraq Museum nbsp Middle register Warka Vase Iraq Museum nbsp Lower register Warka Vase Iraq MuseumTheft and restoration edit nbsp Replica of the vase in the Pergamon Museum in Berlin GermanyThe Warka Vase was one of the thousands of artifacts which were looted from the National Museum of Iraq during the 2003 Invasion of Iraq In April 2003 6 it was forcibly wrenched from the case where it was mounted snapping at the base the foot of the vase remaining attached to the base of the smashed display case 8 The vase was later returned during an amnesty to the Iraq Museum on 12 June 2003 by three unidentified men in their early twenties driving a red Toyota vehicle As reported by a correspondent for The Times newspaper As they struggled to lift a large object wrapped in a blanket out of the boot the American guards on the gate raised their weapons For a moment a priceless 5 000 year old vase thought to have been lost in looting after the fall of Baghdad seemed about to meet its end But one of the men peeled back the blanket to reveal carved alabaster pieces that were clearly something extraordinary Three feet high and weighing 600 lb intact this was the Sacred Vase of Warka regarded by experts as one of the most precious of all the treasures taken during looting that shocked the world in the chaos following the fall of Baghdad Broken in antiquity and stuck together it was once again in pieces 9 Soon after the vase s return broken into 14 pieces 10 it was announced that the vase would be restored 11 A pair of comparison photographs released by the Oriental Institute Chicago showed significant damage as of the day of return 12 June 2003 to the top and bottom of the vessel 12 The fully restored Warka Vase museum number IM19606 6 is now on display in the Iraq Museum See also edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Warka Vase Archaeological looting in Iraq Art of Mesopotamia Mask of Warka Blau Monuments Stele of UshumgalReferences edit a b Kleiner Fred S Mamiya Christin J 2006 Gardner s Art Through the Ages The Western Perspective Volume 1 12th ed Belmont California USA Thomson Wadsworth pp 20 21 ISBN 0 495 00479 0 a b Stokstad Marilyn 2018 Art History Upper Saddle River Pearson p 30 ISBN 9780134479279 Pollock Susan 1999 Ancient Mesopotamia The Eden that Never Was Cambridge Cambridge University Press pp 189 191 ISBN 0521575680 Ralf B Wartke Eine Vermisstenliste 2 Die Warka Vase aus Bagdad Archived 28 September 2007 at the Wayback Machine Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung 26 April 2003 Nbr 97 page 39 English translation here The author is a deputy director of the Berliner Vorderasiatischen Museums a b Ralf B Wartke Eine Vermisstenliste 2 Die Warka Vase aus Bagdad Archived 28 September 2007 at the Wayback Machine Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung 26 April 2003 Nbr 97 page 39 English translatio here a b c Oriental Institute Chicago Lost Treasures from Iraq Warka Vase website accessed 8 June 2007 Schamandt Besserat D Frangipane M ed Images of Enship Between the Rivers and Over the Mountains Rome Universita di Roma 201 209 a href Template Cite journal html title Template Cite journal cite journal a Cite journal requires journal help Oriental Institute Chicago Museum Photos Iraq Museum Baghdad 2003 website accessed 8 June 2007 Ch Lamb Just 32 Prize Items Still Missing as Iraq s Treasures Flood Back The Times 15 June 2003 Archive website accessed 8 June 2007 The original URL for this article is now dead Jenkins Simon 8 June 2007 In Iraq s four year looting frenzy the allies have become the vandals The Guardian UK Retrieved 8 June 2007 Memmott Mark 18 June 2003 Iraqi museum to repair broken 5 000 year old vase USA TODAY Retrieved 29 January 2007 Clemens D Reichel Iraq Museum Project in The Oriental Institute 2002 2003 Annual Report External links editLost Treasures from Iraq Objects Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago pre 2003 b amp w photo compared with colour photograph from 12 June 2003 The Warka Vase ancientworlds net Fiona Curruthers Iraq Museum resembled emergency ward University of Sydney News 19 September 2003 Colour image of pre war Warka Vase as well as missing Lady of Uruk Warka stone head The Iraq Museum Database hosted by the Oriental Institute Chicago Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Warka Vase amp oldid 1177432643, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
