Vindadhhurmuzd (Persian: ونداد هرمز), also known by the more correct form of Vandad Hormozd (ونداد هرمزد), was the ruler of the Qarinvand dynasty from 765 to 809.
In 760, during the reign of Vandad Hormozd's unnamed father, the Dabuyids, under Khurshid of Tabaristan, revolted against the Abbasid Caliphate. Khurshid was defeated, however, and fled to Daylam. From there he launched a counterattack against the Abbasids, but was once again defeated. After learning that his family was captured by the Abbasids, Khurshid poisoned himself.[1][2][3] This marked the end of the Dabuyid dynasty, but the other local dynasties such as the Qarinvands, Bavandids and Zarmihrids, who were all formerly subject to the Dabuyids, continued to control parts of Tabaristan, as tributary vassals of the Abbasid government.
Biographyedit
Map of northern Iran
In 765, Vandad Hormozd became the ruler of the Qarinvand dynasty. In 772, Khalid ibn Barmak, the Abbasid governor of Tabaristan, left the region. Shortly after Khalid's departure, Vandad Hormozd sent the Bavand ruler Sharwin I a letter which urged him to revolt against the Abbasids. Sharwin I accepted,[4] and along with Vandad Hormozd, and the Zarmihrid ruler, rose in revolt. They then began destroying the cities built by the Muslims in the region, and in 782, Sharwin I along with Vandad Hormozd exterminated all the Muslims in Tabaristan. During the same period, Vandad Hormozd assumed the Dabuyid title of Gilgilan,[5] while Sharwin I assumed the title of Padashwargarshah ("king of the mountains").[6] The Abbasid caliph al-Mahdi, who had received the news about the Zoroastrian revolt in Tabaristan, sent one of his most distinguished officers, named Salim of Farghana, against the rebels, but Vandad Hormozd, with the aid of his brother Vinda-Umid, managed to defeat and kill Salim.[4] Al-Mahdi then sent Firasha, who was also defeated, captured and executed by Vandad Hormozd.
Vandad Hormozd continued to repel successive Arab invasions of Tabaristan until 785, when he and the other native rulers of Tabaristan were finally defeated, and once again agreed to pay tribute to the Abbasid caliphs.
In 805, the Abbasid caliph Harun al-Rashid visited Ray, where he met Vandad Hormozd and Sharwin I, who assured their submission to him and promised to pay tax. In order to ensure their loyalty, Harun took Sharwin's grandson Shahriyar I and Vandad Hormozd's son Qarin ibn Vindadhhurmuzd as hostages to Baghdad. The two princes were allowed to return to Tabaristan after Harun al-Rashid's death four years later.[7]
Vandad Hormozd died in 809, and was succeeded by his son Qarin ibn Vindadhhurmuzd.
^The Minor Dynasties of Northern Iran, C.E. Bosworth, The Cambridge History of Iran, Vol. 4, ed. W. Madelung, (Cambridge University Press, 1975), 204.
Sourcesedit
Bosworth, C. E. (1968). "The Political and Dynastic History of the Iranian World (A.D. 1000–1217)". In Boyle, John Andrew (ed.). The Cambridge History of Iran, Volume 5: The Saljuq and Mongol Periods. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 1–202. ISBN0-521-06936-X.
Madelung, W. (1975). "The Minor Dynasties of Northern Iran". In Frye, Richard N. (ed.). The Cambridge History of Iran, Volume 4: From the Arab Invasion to the Saljuqs. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 198–249. ISBN0-521-20093-8.
Mottahedeh, Roy (1975). "The ʿAbbāsid Caliphate in Iran". In Frye, Richard N. (ed.). The Cambridge History of Iran, Volume 4: From the Arab Invasion to the Saljuqs. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 57–90. ISBN0-521-20093-8.
wandad, hurmuzd, vindadhhurmuzd, persian, ونداد, هرمز, also, known, more, correct, form, vandad, hormozd, ونداد, هرمزد, ruler, qarinvand, dynasty, from, vandad, hormozd, ispahbadh, qarinvand, dynastyreign765, 809predecessorunknownsuccessorqarin, vindadhhurmuzd. Vindadhhurmuzd Persian ونداد هرمز also known by the more correct form of Vandad Hormozd ونداد هرمزد was the ruler of the Qarinvand dynasty from 765 to 809 Vandad Hormozd Ispahbadh of the Qarinvand dynastyReign765 809PredecessorUnknownSuccessorQarin ibn VindadhhurmuzdBornUnknownTabaristanDied809HouseHouse of KarenDynastyQarinvand dynastyFatherUnknownReligionZoroastrianism Contents 1 Background 2 Biography 3 References 4 SourcesBackground editIn 760 during the reign of Vandad Hormozd s unnamed father the Dabuyids under Khurshid of Tabaristan revolted against the Abbasid Caliphate Khurshid was defeated however and fled to Daylam From there he launched a counterattack against the Abbasids but was once again defeated After learning that his family was captured by the Abbasids Khurshid poisoned himself 1 2 3 This marked the end of the Dabuyid dynasty but the other local dynasties such as the Qarinvands Bavandids and Zarmihrids who were all formerly subject to the Dabuyids continued to control parts of Tabaristan as tributary vassals of the Abbasid government Biography edit nbsp Map of northern Iran In 765 Vandad Hormozd became the ruler of the Qarinvand dynasty In 772 Khalid ibn Barmak the Abbasid governor of Tabaristan left the region Shortly after Khalid s departure Vandad Hormozd sent the Bavand ruler Sharwin I a letter which urged him to revolt against the Abbasids Sharwin I accepted 4 and along with Vandad Hormozd and the Zarmihrid ruler rose in revolt They then began destroying the cities built by the Muslims in the region and in 782 Sharwin I along with Vandad Hormozd exterminated all the Muslims in Tabaristan During the same period Vandad Hormozd assumed the Dabuyid title of Gilgilan 5 while Sharwin I assumed the title of Padashwargarshah king of the mountains 6 The Abbasid caliph al Mahdi who had received the news about the Zoroastrian revolt in Tabaristan sent one of his most distinguished officers named Salim of Farghana against the rebels but Vandad Hormozd with the aid of his brother Vinda Umid managed to defeat and kill Salim 4 Al Mahdi then sent Firasha who was also defeated captured and executed by Vandad Hormozd Vandad Hormozd continued to repel successive Arab invasions of Tabaristan until 785 when he and the other native rulers of Tabaristan were finally defeated and once again agreed to pay tribute to the Abbasid caliphs In 805 the Abbasid caliph Harun al Rashid visited Ray where he met Vandad Hormozd and Sharwin I who assured their submission to him and promised to pay tax In order to ensure their loyalty Harun took Sharwin s grandson Shahriyar I and Vandad Hormozd s son Qarin ibn Vindadhhurmuzd as hostages to Baghdad The two princes were allowed to return to Tabaristan after Harun al Rashid s death four years later 7 Vandad Hormozd died in 809 and was succeeded by his son Qarin ibn Vindadhhurmuzd References edit nbsp Religion portal Rekaya 1986 pp 68 70 Madelung 1975 p 200 Pourshariati 2008 p 317 a b Ibn Isfandiyar p 128 132 The Minor Dynasties of Northern Iran C E Bosworth The Cambridge History of Iran Vol 4 ed W Madelung Cambridge University Press 1975 201 Madelung 1984 pp 747 753 The Minor Dynasties of Northern Iran C E Bosworth The Cambridge History of Iran Vol 4 ed W Madelung Cambridge University Press 1975 204 Sources editBosworth C E 1968 The Political and Dynastic History of the Iranian World A D 1000 1217 In Boyle John Andrew ed The Cambridge History of Iran Volume 5 The Saljuq and Mongol Periods Cambridge Cambridge University Press pp 1 202 ISBN 0 521 06936 X Frye R N 1960 Bawand In Gibb H A R Kramers J H Levi Provencal E Schacht J Lewis B amp Pellat Ch eds The Encyclopaedia of Islam Second Edition Volume I A B Leiden E J Brill p 1110 OCLC 495469456 Madelung W 1975 The Minor Dynasties of Northern Iran In Frye Richard N ed The Cambridge History of Iran Volume 4 From the Arab Invasion to the Saljuqs Cambridge Cambridge University Press pp 198 249 ISBN 0 521 20093 8 Madelung W 1982 2021 AL E BAVAND BAVANDIDS In Yarshater Ehsan ed Encyclopaedia Iranica London and New York Routledge amp Kegan Paul pp 747 753 Rekaya M 1978 Ḳarinids In van Donzel E Lewis B Pellat Ch amp Bosworth C E eds The Encyclopaedia of Islam Second Edition Volume IV Iran Kha Leiden E J Brill pp 644 647 OCLC 758278456 Mottahedeh Roy 1975 The ʿAbbasid Caliphate in Iran In Frye Richard N ed The Cambridge History of Iran Volume 4 From the Arab Invasion to the Saljuqs Cambridge Cambridge University Press pp 57 90 ISBN 0 521 20093 8 Ibn Isfandiyar Muhammad ibn al Hasan 1905 An Abridged Translation of the History of Tabaristan Compiled About A H 613 A D 1216 Translated by Edward G Browne Leyden E J Brill OCLC 5358625 Preceded byUnknown Qarinvand ruler765 809 Succeeded byQarin ibn Vindadhhurmuzd Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Wandad Hurmuzd amp oldid 1158702069, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
