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Walter Schuhmann

November 03, 2023

Walter Schuhmann (3 April 1898 – 2 December 1956) was a Nazi Party official who became head of the National Socialist Factory Cell Organization (NSBO). He also was a member of the SA and the SS.

Walter Schuhmann
Leader
National Socialist Factory Cell Organization
In office
15 January 1931 – January 1935
Preceded byPosition created
Personal details
Born3 April 1898
Berlin, Kingdom of Prussia, German Empire
Died2 December 1956 (aged 58)
Berlin, West Germany
NationalityGerman
Political partyNazi Party
OccupationMachinist
Military service
Allegiance German Empire
Branch/serviceImperial German Army
Years of service1917–1919
Battles/warsWorld War I

Early life edit

Schuhmann, the son of a toolmaker, first attended Volksschule and advanced training school in Berlin before working in agriculture. He completed his training at the Heimland [de] agricultural cooperative in Brandenburg founded by Theodor Fritsch. He enlisted in the Imperial German Army in 1917 and fought in the First World War on both the eastern front and the western front, where he was wounded in 1917. Returning to civilian life in 1919, he worked in Berlin until 1929 as a machinist of high antennas and lightning rods. From 1920 to 1925 he was a member of the Freikorps Oberland.[1]

Schuhmann joined the Nazi Party (membership number 19,874) and its paramilitary organization, the Sturmabteilung (SA), in October 1925. As an early member of the Party (Alter Kämpfer) he would later be awarded the Golden Party Badge. He became the section leader in Berlin's borough of Neukölln from September 1926 to November 1929. From November 1929 to December 1930 he was Organisationsleiter (Organizational Leader) in Gau Berlin under Gauleiter Joseph Goebbels.[1]

Head of the National Socialist Factory Cell Organization edit

Schuhmann was involved in the founding of the National Socialist Factory Cell Organization (NSBO) in Berlin and, on 15 January 1931, became head of the NSBO Section (upgraded to Office in December 1932) in the Nazi Party Reichsleitung (National Leadership) in Munich. Also in 1931, he became a member of the Party's Reich Economic Council.[1]

After the January 1933 Nazi seizure of power, Schuhmann was named Reichsobmann (Reich Chairman) of the NSBO. Together with Robert Ley, Schuhmann was instrumental in the Gleichschaltung (coordination) process of bringing all independent trade unions into line with Nazi policy, and he was involved in the planning for the violent take over of the trade unions on 2 May 1933.[2] After Ley's German Labour Front (DAF) was established on 10 May 1933, Schuhmann became the leader of the Gesamtverbandes der deutschen Arbeiter (General Association of German Workers) under its auspices. On 13 July 1933, Prussian Minister President Hermann Göring appointed him to the recently reconstituted Prussian State Council.[3] In October, he became a founding member of Hans Frank's Academy for German Law.

However, once the Nazis were firmly in control of the government and the economy, they had little use for a workers' interest group. Ley, seeking to build up the new DAF into his own power base, quickly worked to reduce the status of the NSBO.[4] The NSBO, like the SA, was on the Party's social-revolutionary wing and gradually lost influence after the Röhm purge of 30 June 1934. In the following weeks, several prominent NSBO leaders were purged from the organization.[5] It was deprived of the power to levy dues and was absorbed into the DAF in January 1935.[6]

Later positions and elective offices edit

On 1 March 1936 Schuhmann was named the Reich Trustee of Labour for the Province of Silesia (in January 1941, Province of Lower Silesia) in the Reich Ministry of Labor. In this post, he had responsibility for setting wage rates, enforcing factory regulations and overseeing dismissals and layoffs.[7] In November 1939, Schuhmann transferred from the SA to the Allgemeine SS (SS number 347,116) and was granted the rank of SS-Standartenführer.[8] In 1942 he was named President of the Lower Silesian Provincial Labor Office. From 1943 he was employed as Ministerial Director under Fritz Sauckel, the General Plenipotentiary for Labor Deployment, and held the Party rank of Hauptstellenleiter.[9]

Apart from his Party and governmental offices, Schuhmann also pursued a career in elective politics. From 1929 to 1933, he was a Berlin City Councilor and served as Second Chairman of the Nazi faction on the council. In 1930 he was elected to the Reichstag from Wahlkreis (electoral constituency) 3 (Potsdam II). Reelected in each subsequent election, he would continue to serve in the Reichstag until the fall of the Nazi regime in May 1945, switching to Wahlkreis 2 (Berlin) in 1932.[10]

No details are documented concerning Schuhmann's post-war life, and he died in Berlin in December 1956.

References edit

  1. ^ a b c Walter Schuhmann entry in the Parliamentary Portal Retrieved 18 June 2023.
  2. ^ Zentner & Bedürftig 1997, p. 846.
  3. ^ Lilla 2005, pp. 238, 298.
  4. ^ Orlow 1973, p. 60.
  5. ^ Broszat 1981, pp. 149–150.
  6. ^ Zentner & Bedürftig 1997, p. 638.
  7. ^ Zentner & Bedürftig 1997, p. 970.
  8. ^ Schiffer Publishing Ltd. 2000, p. 35.
  9. ^ Klee 2007, p. 564.
  10. ^ Walter Schuhmann entry in the Reichstag Database Retrieved 18 June 2023.

Sources edit

  • Broszat, Martin (1981). The Hitler State: The Foundation and Development of the Internal Structure of the Third Reich. New York: Longman Inc. ISBN 978-0-582-48997-4.
  • Klee, Ernst (2007). Das Personenlexikon zum Dritten Reich. Wer war was vor und nach 1945. Frankfurt-am-Main: Fischer-Taschenbuch-Verlag. ISBN 978-3-596-16048-8.
  • Lilla, Joachim (2005). Der Prußische Staatsrat 1921–1933: Ein biographisches Handbuch. Düsseldorf: Droste Verlag. ISBN 978-3-770-05271-4.
  • Orlow, Dietrich (1973). The History of the Nazi Party: 1933–1945. University of Pittsburgh Press. ISBN 0-822-9-3253-9.
  • Schiffer Publishing Ltd., ed. (2000). SS Officers List: SS-Standartenführer to SS-Oberstgruppenführer (As of 30 January 1942). Schiffer Military History Publishing. ISBN 0-7643-1061-5.
  • Zentner, Christian; Bedürftig, Friedemann, eds. (1997) [1991]. The Encyclopedia of the Third Reich. New York: Da Capo Press. ISBN 978-0-306-80793-0.

External links edit

November 03, 2023
walter, schuhmann, april, 1898, december, 1956, nazi, party, official, became, head, national, socialist, factory, cell, organization, nsbo, also, member, leadernational, socialist, factory, cell, organizationin, office, january, 1931, january, 1935preceded, b. Walter Schuhmann 3 April 1898 2 December 1956 was a Nazi Party official who became head of the National Socialist Factory Cell Organization NSBO He also was a member of the SA and the SS Walter SchuhmannLeaderNational Socialist Factory Cell OrganizationIn office 15 January 1931 January 1935Preceded byPosition createdPersonal detailsBorn3 April 1898Berlin Kingdom of Prussia German EmpireDied2 December 1956 aged 58 Berlin West GermanyNationalityGermanPolitical partyNazi PartyOccupationMachinistMilitary serviceAllegiance German EmpireBranch serviceImperial German ArmyYears of service1917 1919Battles warsWorld War I Contents 1 Early life 2 Head of the National Socialist Factory Cell Organization 3 Later positions and elective offices 4 References 5 Sources 6 External linksEarly life editSchuhmann the son of a toolmaker first attended Volksschule and advanced training school in Berlin before working in agriculture He completed his training at the Heimland de agricultural cooperative in Brandenburg founded by Theodor Fritsch He enlisted in the Imperial German Army in 1917 and fought in the First World War on both the eastern front and the western front where he was wounded in 1917 Returning to civilian life in 1919 he worked in Berlin until 1929 as a machinist of high antennas and lightning rods From 1920 to 1925 he was a member of the Freikorps Oberland 1 Schuhmann joined the Nazi Party membership number 19 874 and its paramilitary organization the Sturmabteilung SA in October 1925 As an early member of the Party Alter Kampfer he would later be awarded the Golden Party Badge He became the section leader in Berlin s borough of Neukolln from September 1926 to November 1929 From November 1929 to December 1930 he was Organisationsleiter Organizational Leader in Gau Berlin under Gauleiter Joseph Goebbels 1 Head of the National Socialist Factory Cell Organization editSchuhmann was involved in the founding of the National Socialist Factory Cell Organization NSBO in Berlin and on 15 January 1931 became head of the NSBO Section upgraded to Office in December 1932 in the Nazi Party Reichsleitung National Leadership in Munich Also in 1931 he became a member of the Party s Reich Economic Council 1 After the January 1933 Nazi seizure of power Schuhmann was named Reichsobmann Reich Chairman of the NSBO Together with Robert Ley Schuhmann was instrumental in the Gleichschaltung coordination process of bringing all independent trade unions into line with Nazi policy and he was involved in the planning for the violent take over of the trade unions on 2 May 1933 2 After Ley s German Labour Front DAF was established on 10 May 1933 Schuhmann became the leader of the Gesamtverbandes der deutschen Arbeiter General Association of German Workers under its auspices On 13 July 1933 Prussian Minister President Hermann Goring appointed him to the recently reconstituted Prussian State Council 3 In October he became a founding member of Hans Frank s Academy for German Law However once the Nazis were firmly in control of the government and the economy they had little use for a workers interest group Ley seeking to build up the new DAF into his own power base quickly worked to reduce the status of the NSBO 4 The NSBO like the SA was on the Party s social revolutionary wing and gradually lost influence after the Rohm purge of 30 June 1934 In the following weeks several prominent NSBO leaders were purged from the organization 5 It was deprived of the power to levy dues and was absorbed into the DAF in January 1935 6 Later positions and elective offices editOn 1 March 1936 Schuhmann was named the Reich Trustee of Labour for the Province of Silesia in January 1941 Province of Lower Silesia in the Reich Ministry of Labor In this post he had responsibility for setting wage rates enforcing factory regulations and overseeing dismissals and layoffs 7 In November 1939 Schuhmann transferred from the SA to the Allgemeine SS SS number 347 116 and was granted the rank of SS Standartenfuhrer 8 In 1942 he was named President of the Lower Silesian Provincial Labor Office From 1943 he was employed as Ministerial Director under Fritz Sauckel the General Plenipotentiary for Labor Deployment and held the Party rank of Hauptstellenleiter 9 Apart from his Party and governmental offices Schuhmann also pursued a career in elective politics From 1929 to 1933 he was a Berlin City Councilor and served as Second Chairman of the Nazi faction on the council In 1930 he was elected to the Reichstag from Wahlkreis electoral constituency 3 Potsdam II Reelected in each subsequent election he would continue to serve in the Reichstag until the fall of the Nazi regime in May 1945 switching to Wahlkreis 2 Berlin in 1932 10 No details are documented concerning Schuhmann s post war life and he died in Berlin in December 1956 References edit a b c Walter Schuhmann entry in the Parliamentary Portal Retrieved 18 June 2023 Zentner amp Bedurftig 1997 p 846 Lilla 2005 pp 238 298 Orlow 1973 p 60 Broszat 1981 pp 149 150 Zentner amp Bedurftig 1997 p 638 Zentner amp Bedurftig 1997 p 970 Schiffer Publishing Ltd 2000 p 35 Klee 2007 p 564 Walter Schuhmann entry in the Reichstag Database Retrieved 18 June 2023 Sources editBroszat Martin 1981 The Hitler State The Foundation and Development of the Internal Structure of the Third Reich New York Longman Inc ISBN 978 0 582 48997 4 Klee Ernst 2007 Das Personenlexikon zum Dritten Reich Wer war was vor und nach 1945 Frankfurt am Main Fischer Taschenbuch Verlag ISBN 978 3 596 16048 8 Lilla Joachim 2005 Der Prussische Staatsrat 1921 1933 Ein biographisches Handbuch Dusseldorf Droste Verlag ISBN 978 3 770 05271 4 Orlow Dietrich 1973 The History of the Nazi Party 1933 1945 University of Pittsburgh Press ISBN 0 822 9 3253 9 Schiffer Publishing Ltd ed 2000 SS Officers List SS Standartenfuhrer to SS Oberstgruppenfuhrer As of 30 January 1942 Schiffer Military History Publishing ISBN 0 7643 1061 5 Zentner Christian Bedurftig Friedemann eds 1997 1991 The Encyclopedia of the Third Reich New York Da Capo Press ISBN 978 0 306 80793 0 External links editNewspaper clippings about Walter Schuhmann in the 20th Century Press Archives of the ZBW Information about Walter Schuhmann in the Reichstag database Literature by and about Walter Schuhmann in the German National Library catalogue Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Walter Schuhmann amp oldid 1163263355, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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