The Baliem River (or Vriendschaps River) is a river in the Highland Papua and South Papua provinces of Western New Guinea, Indonesia.[1] It is the largest tributary of the Pulau River, formerly called the Eilanden River. With a total length of 414.2 km (257.4 mi).
The river begins as the Baliem Timur (East Baliem) in the northern Maoke Mountains (Snow Mountains) at Lake Habbema in Jayawijaya Regency, north of Mount Trikora. The Baliem Timur flows west to meet the Baliem Barat (West Baliem) before turning north. After traveling underground for several kilometers through a sinkhole in an area of Karst limestone geology, it emerges and travels northeast to near Tiom in Lanny Jaya Regency. This section of the river was formerly known as the Noordelijke Baliem (North Baliem) in Dutch. After flowing east through Lanny Jaya, the Baliem turns southeast as it enters the wide, flat Great Baliem Valley. In the center of the valley it meanders southeast to meet the Uwe river in the town of Wamena, the capital of Highland Papua province. South of Wamena, the river plunges southeast through a steep gorge with many rapids and waterfalls, and is joined by the Mugi and Kwik rivers. 70 kilometers southeast of Wamena the Heluk river enters the Baliem near Holuwon village. From here, the river was called Vriendschaps River at the time of Dutch East Indies and Dutch New Guinea, before the course of the river was fully explored.[2]
Below Holuwon, the river leaves the southern foothills of the Maoke or Jayawijaya Mountains and becomes a braided river heading to the southwest through the lowland rainforest of South Papua. After 100 kilometers, the Baliem, slightly upstream from the village of Kaima, flows into the Pulau River (formerly the Eilanden River), which flows into the Arafura Sea about 100 kilometers south-west on the Casuarina Coast.[3][citation needed]
Ecologyedit
The Baliem River has a length about 60–80 km with the width of 15–20 m, flowing through the town of Wamena. The water temperature is around 14 to 18 °C. The acidity of the Baliem River is around 6.8–7.5, and the oxygen level is 4.1–4.3 mg/L. The flow rate is 0.09–0.92 m/det.; clarity 17–160 cm and depth 0.60–3.7 meter.[4]
The acidity level of the Baliem is considered good for the growth of water organism, such as fish. In Baliem also lives a kind of animal with high cultural value for the local people; valued as high as yam (hipiri) and pig (wam). It belongs to Cherax spp that lives in the mud. At night, it rises from the river and stays on the banks, whereas at sunrise, it goes back into deep river area. Along the banks there are swamps, with high tendency of flooding and used by the community to let loose their pig herds. The river basin has high potential for tourism and agriculture.[4]
Geographyedit
The river flows in the southern area of Papua with predominantly tropical rainforest climate (designated as Af in the Köppen-Geiger climate classification).[5] The annual average temperature in the area is 21 °C. The warmest month is March, when the average temperature is around 22 °C, and the coldest is July, at 18 °C.[6] The average annual rainfall is 6222 mm. The wettest month is May, with an average of 708 mm rainfall, and the driest is January, with 348 mm rainfall.[7]
^The Dugum Dani: A Papuan Culture in the Highlands of West New Guinea, By Karl G. Heider
^ ab8 Sungai yang terdapat di Papua. Ilmu Geografi.com
^Peel, M C; Finlayson, B L; McMahon, T A (2007). "Updated world map of the Köppen-Geiger climate classification". Hydrology and Earth System Sciences. 11. doi:10.5194/hess-11-1633-2007.
^. NASA. 30 January 2016. Archived from the original on 11 May 2020. Retrieved 6 December 2018.
^. NASA/Tropical Rainfall Monitoring Mission. 30 January 2016. Archived from the original on 11 May 2020. Retrieved 6 December 2018.
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The Baliem River or Vriendschaps River is a river in the Highland Papua and South Papua provinces of Western New Guinea Indonesia 1 It is the largest tributary of the Pulau River formerly called the Eilanden River With a total length of 414 2 km 257 4 mi Baliem RiverVriendschaps RiverPhysical characteristicsSource locationLake Habbema Indonesia coordinates4 8 14 S 138 39 33 E 4 13722 S 138 65917 E 4 13722 138 65917 elevation3 300 m 10 800 ft Mouth locationPulau River coordinates5 28 32 S 138 52 56 E 5 47556 S 138 88222 E 5 47556 138 88222 elevation20 m 66 ft Length414 2 km 257 4 mi Basin size12 000 km2 4 600 sq mi Width minimum15 m 49 ft Wamena Upper Baliem maximum20 m 66 ft Wamena Upper Baliem Depth minimum0 6 m 2 ft 0 in Wamena Upper Baliem maximum3 7 m 12 ft Wamena Upper Baliem Discharge locationNear mouth average702 m3 s 24 800 cu ft s Contents 1 Hydrology 2 Ecology 3 Geography 4 See also 5 ReferencesHydrology editThe river begins as the Baliem Timur East Baliem in the northern Maoke Mountains Snow Mountains at Lake Habbema in Jayawijaya Regency north of Mount Trikora The Baliem Timur flows west to meet the Baliem Barat West Baliem before turning north After traveling underground for several kilometers through a sinkhole in an area of Karst limestone geology it emerges and travels northeast to near Tiom in Lanny Jaya Regency This section of the river was formerly known as the Noordelijke Baliem North Baliem in Dutch After flowing east through Lanny Jaya the Baliem turns southeast as it enters the wide flat Great Baliem Valley In the center of the valley it meanders southeast to meet the Uwe river in the town of Wamena the capital of Highland Papua province South of Wamena the river plunges southeast through a steep gorge with many rapids and waterfalls and is joined by the Mugi and Kwik rivers 70 kilometers southeast of Wamena the Heluk river enters the Baliem near Holuwon village From here the river was called Vriendschaps River at the time of Dutch East Indies and Dutch New Guinea before the course of the river was fully explored 2 Below Holuwon the river leaves the southern foothills of the Maoke or Jayawijaya Mountains and becomes a braided river heading to the southwest through the lowland rainforest of South Papua After 100 kilometers the Baliem slightly upstream from the village of Kaima flows into the Pulau River formerly the Eilanden River which flows into the Arafura Sea about 100 kilometers south west on the Casuarina Coast 3 citation needed Ecology editThe Baliem River has a length about 60 80 km with the width of 15 20 m flowing through the town of Wamena The water temperature is around 14 to 18 C The acidity of the Baliem River is around 6 8 7 5 and the oxygen level is 4 1 4 3 mg L The flow rate is 0 09 0 92 m det clarity 17 160 cm and depth 0 60 3 7 meter 4 The acidity level of the Baliem is considered good for the growth of water organism such as fish In Baliem also lives a kind of animal with high cultural value for the local people valued as high as yam hipiri and pig wam It belongs to Cherax spp that lives in the mud At night it rises from the river and stays on the banks whereas at sunrise it goes back into deep river area Along the banks there are swamps with high tendency of flooding and used by the community to let loose their pig herds The river basin has high potential for tourism and agriculture 4 Geography editThe river flows in the southern area of Papua with predominantly tropical rainforest climate designated as Af in the Koppen Geiger climate classification 5 The annual average temperature in the area is 21 C The warmest month is March when the average temperature is around 22 C and the coldest is July at 18 C 6 The average annual rainfall is 6222 mm The wettest month is May with an average of 708 mm rainfall and the driest is January with 348 mm rainfall 7 See also editList of drainage basins of Indonesia List of rivers of Indonesia List of rivers of Western PapuaReferences edit Rand McNally The New International Atlas 1993 1916 Netherlands New Guinea Map G Kolff amp Co The Dugum Dani A Papuan Culture in the Highlands of West New Guinea By Karl G Heider a b 8 Sungai yang terdapat di Papua Ilmu Geografi com Peel M C Finlayson B L McMahon T A 2007 Updated world map of the Koppen Geiger climate classification Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 11 doi 10 5194 hess 11 1633 2007 NASA Earth Observations Data Set Index NASA 30 January 2016 Archived from the original on 11 May 2020 Retrieved 6 December 2018 NASA Earth Observations Rainfall 1 month TRMM NASA Tropical Rainfall Monitoring Mission 30 January 2016 Archived from the original on 11 May 2020 Retrieved 6 December 2018 5 28 S 138 53 E 5 467 S 138 883 E 5 467 138 883 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Baliem River amp oldid 1182917077, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
