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Volcán de Colima

May 02, 2024

For other uses, see Colima (disambiguation).

The Volcán de Colima, 3,820 m (12,530 ft), also known as Volcán de Fuego, is part of the Colima Volcanic Complex (CVC) consisting of Volcán de Colima, Nevado de Colima (Spanish pronunciation: [neˈβaðo ðe koˈlima] ⓘ)[3] and the eroded El Cántaro (listed as extinct). It is the youngest of the three and as of 2015 is one of the most active volcanoes in Mexico and in North America. It has erupted more than 40 times since 1576. One of the largest eruptions was on January 20–24, 1913.[4] Nevado de Colima, also known as Tzapotépetl, lies 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) north of its more active neighbor and is the taller of the two at 4,271 meters (14,012 feet). It is the 26th-most prominent peak in North America.[5]

Volcán de Colima
Volcán de Colima in 2009
Highest point
Elevation3820+ m (12,533+ ft)[1]
Prominence600 m (2,000 ft)[1]
Listing
Coordinates19°30′46″N 103°37′02″W / 19.512727°N 103.617241°W / 19.512727; -103.617241[1]
Geography
Volcán de Colima
Location in Mexico
LocationJalisco / Colima, Mexico
Parent rangeTrans-Mexican Volcanic Belt
Geology
Age of rock5 million years
Mountain typeStratovolcano
Volcanic arc/beltTrans-Mexican Volcanic Belt
Last eruption2013 to 2018 (ongoing)[2]
Colima volcano as seen by the Landsat satellite

Despite its name, only a fraction of the volcano's surface area is in the state of Colima; the majority of its surface area lies over the border in the neighboring state of Jalisco, toward the western end of the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt. It is about 485 km (301 mi) west of Mexico City and 125 km (78 mi) south of Guadalajara, Jalisco.

Since 1869–1878, a parasitic set of domes, collectively known as El Volcancito, has formed on the northeast flank of the main cone of the volcano.[6]

Geological history edit

In the late Pleistocene era, a huge landslide occurred at the mountain, with approximately 25 km3 (6.0 cu mi) of debris traveling some 120 km, reaching the Pacific Ocean. An area of some 2,200 km2 was covered in landslide deposits. The currently active cone is within a large caldera that was probably formed by a combination of landslides and large eruptions. The lava is andesite containing 56-61% SiO2.[7] About 300,000 people live within 40 km (25 mi) of the volcano, which makes it the most dangerous volcano in Mexico.[4] In light of its history of large eruptions and situation in a densely populated area, it was designated a Decade Volcano, singling it out for study.

Current activity edit

In recent years, there have been frequent temporary evacuations of nearby villagers due to threatening volcanic activity. Eruptions have occurred in 1991, 1998–1999 and from 2001 to the present day, with activity being characterized by extrusion of viscous lava forming a lava dome, and occasional larger explosions, forming pyroclastic flows and dusting the areas surrounding the volcano with ash and tephra.

The largest eruption for several years occurred on May 24, 2005. An ash cloud rose to more than 3 km over the volcano and satellite monitoring indicated that the cloud spread over an area extending 110 nautical miles (200 km) west of the volcano in the hours after the eruption.[8] Pyroclastic flows travelled 4–5 km from the vent, and lava bombs landed 3–4 km away. Authorities set up an exclusion zone within 6.5 km of the summit.

On November 21, 2014, the volcano erupted again. An ash column was sent 5 km into the air, covering towns as far as 25 km away in ash. No fatalities were reported, and no evacuations took place.[citation needed] There were eruptions on January 10, 21 and 25, with the ash from the January 21 eruption falling in towns more than 15 miles (24 km) away.[9][10]

 
Plume of ash, December 17, 2016, 5h PM.

On 10 July 2015, there was another eruption. Another eruption occurred on September 25, 2016, sending a plume of ash and smoke 10,000 feet (3,000 m) into the sky. During December 2016, ash plumes occurred once or twice a day. On December 18, 2016, there were three eruptions. The biggest columns of ash reached 2 kilometers in height.[11]

Colima volcano experienced another strong explosion at 06:27 UTC (00:27 CST) on January 18, 2017. The eruption spewed volcanic ash up to 4 km (13,123 feet) above the crater.

Volcanological center edit

The volcano is monitored by the Colima Volcano Observatory at the University of Colima, Mexico. A team analyzes, interprets and communicates every event that occurs at this volcano.

In 2018, a webcam was installed close to the volcano, and volcanic activity can be seen in real-time.[12]

References edit

Notes
  1. ^ a b c "Volcán de Colima, Mexico". Peakbagger.com.
  2. ^ "Colima volcano". 19 Feb 2018.
  3. ^ "The Colima Volcanic Complex, Mexico" (PDF). Mineralogy and Petrology. Retrieved 2012-05-04.
  4. ^ a b Ritchie, David (2006). Encyclopedia of Earthquakes and Volcanoes. Alexander E. Gates, Ph.D., and David Ritchie. p. 52.
  5. ^ "North America Peaks with 2000 meters of Prominence". Peakbagger.com. Retrieved 2012-05-03.
  6. ^ . confex.com. Archived from the original on 2009-02-23. Retrieved 2006-07-23.
  7. ^ http://www.geo.mtu.edu/EHaz/ConvergentPlatesClass/Colima/Luhr%20Colima%20andesite.pdf James F. Luhr and Ian S.E. Carmichael, 1980: The Colima Volcanic Complex, Mexico in Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, Vol. 71, page 347
  8. ^ http://www.ssd.noaa.gov/VAAC/ARCHIVE/COLI/2005E240658.html[dead link]
  9. ^ "VIDEO: Mexico's Colima Volcano spews enormous cloud of ash". NY Daily News. 22 January 2015.
  10. ^ "Footage of huge ash plume as Mexico's Colima volcano erupts". BBC News. 25 January 2015. Retrieved 27 January 2015.
  11. ^ "Mexico's Colima Volcano Spews Ash, Vapor a Mile Into the Air". New York Times. December 18, 2016. Retrieved December 18, 2016.
  12. ^ "Volcán de Colima". www.webcamsdemexico.com. Retrieved 2018-12-26.
Bibliography
  • Domínguez T., Ramírez J.J., Breton M. (2003), Present Stage Of Activity At Colima Volcano, Mexico, American Geophysical Union, Fall Meeting 2003, abstract #V42B-0350

External links edit

  • (in Spanish)
  • (in English and Spanish)
  • Experiments at Colima by the Alaska Volcano Observatory
  • "Colima". Global Volcanism Program. Smithsonian Institution. Retrieved 2009-01-14.
  • "Volcán de Colima". SummitPost.org. Retrieved 2016-12-03.

May 02, 2024
volcán, colima, other, uses, colima, disambiguation, also, known, volcán, fuego, part, colima, volcanic, complex, consisting, nevado, colima, spanish, pronunciation, neˈβaðo, koˈlima, eroded, cántaro, listed, extinct, youngest, three, 2015, most, active, volca. For other uses see Colima disambiguation The Volcan de Colima 3 820 m 12 530 ft also known as Volcan de Fuego is part of the Colima Volcanic Complex CVC consisting of Volcan de Colima Nevado de Colima Spanish pronunciation neˈbado de koˈlima 3 and the eroded El Cantaro listed as extinct It is the youngest of the three and as of 2015 is one of the most active volcanoes in Mexico and in North America It has erupted more than 40 times since 1576 One of the largest eruptions was on January 20 24 1913 4 Nevado de Colima also known as Tzapotepetl lies 5 kilometres 3 1 mi north of its more active neighbor and is the taller of the two at 4 271 meters 14 012 feet It is the 26th most prominent peak in North America 5 Volcan de ColimaVolcan de Colima in 2009Highest pointElevation3820 m 12 533 ft 1 Prominence600 m 2 000 ft 1 ListingNorth America highest peak 60thNorth America prominent 25thNorth America isolated peak 46thMexico highest major peaksCoordinates19 30 46 N 103 37 02 W 19 512727 N 103 617241 W 19 512727 103 617241 1 GeographyVolcan de ColimaLocation in MexicoLocationJalisco Colima MexicoParent rangeTrans Mexican Volcanic BeltGeologyAge of rock5 million yearsMountain typeStratovolcanoVolcanic arc beltTrans Mexican Volcanic BeltLast eruption2013 to 2018 ongoing 2 Colima volcano as seen by the Landsat satellite Despite its name only a fraction of the volcano s surface area is in the state of Colima the majority of its surface area lies over the border in the neighboring state of Jalisco toward the western end of the Trans Mexican Volcanic Belt It is about 485 km 301 mi west of Mexico City and 125 km 78 mi south of Guadalajara Jalisco Since 1869 1878 a parasitic set of domes collectively known as El Volcancito has formed on the northeast flank of the main cone of the volcano 6 Contents 1 Geological history 2 Current activity 3 Volcanological center 4 References 5 External linksGeological history editIn the late Pleistocene era a huge landslide occurred at the mountain with approximately 25 km3 6 0 cu mi of debris traveling some 120 km reaching the Pacific Ocean An area of some 2 200 km2 was covered in landslide deposits The currently active cone is within a large caldera that was probably formed by a combination of landslides and large eruptions The lava is andesite containing 56 61 SiO2 7 About 300 000 people live within 40 km 25 mi of the volcano which makes it the most dangerous volcano in Mexico 4 In light of its history of large eruptions and situation in a densely populated area it was designated a Decade Volcano singling it out for study Current activity editIn recent years there have been frequent temporary evacuations of nearby villagers due to threatening volcanic activity Eruptions have occurred in 1991 1998 1999 and from 2001 to the present day with activity being characterized by extrusion of viscous lava forming a lava dome and occasional larger explosions forming pyroclastic flows and dusting the areas surrounding the volcano with ash and tephra The largest eruption for several years occurred on May 24 2005 An ash cloud rose to more than 3 km over the volcano and satellite monitoring indicated that the cloud spread over an area extending 110 nautical miles 200 km west of the volcano in the hours after the eruption 8 Pyroclastic flows travelled 4 5 km from the vent and lava bombs landed 3 4 km away Authorities set up an exclusion zone within 6 5 km of the summit On November 21 2014 the volcano erupted again An ash column was sent 5 km into the air covering towns as far as 25 km away in ash No fatalities were reported and no evacuations took place citation needed There were eruptions on January 10 21 and 25 with the ash from the January 21 eruption falling in towns more than 15 miles 24 km away 9 10 nbsp Plume of ash December 17 2016 5h PM On 10 July 2015 there was another eruption Another eruption occurred on September 25 2016 sending a plume of ash and smoke 10 000 feet 3 000 m into the sky During December 2016 ash plumes occurred once or twice a day On December 18 2016 there were three eruptions The biggest columns of ash reached 2 kilometers in height 11 Colima volcano experienced another strong explosion at 06 27 UTC 00 27 CST on January 18 2017 The eruption spewed volcanic ash up to 4 km 13 123 feet above the crater Volcanological center editThe volcano is monitored by the Colima Volcano Observatory at the University of Colima Mexico A team analyzes interprets and communicates every event that occurs at this volcano In 2018 a webcam was installed close to the volcano and volcanic activity can be seen in real time 12 References editNotes a b c Volcan de Colima Mexico Peakbagger com Colima volcano 19 Feb 2018 The Colima Volcanic Complex Mexico PDF Mineralogy and Petrology Retrieved 2012 05 04 a b Ritchie David 2006 Encyclopedia of Earthquakes and Volcanoes Alexander E Gates Ph D and David Ritchie p 52 North America Peaks with 2000 meters of Prominence Peakbagger com Retrieved 2012 05 03 Structure of the Volcancito Dome Volcan Fuego De Colima Mexico Revealed in High Resolution Magnetic Anomalies confex com Archived from the original on 2009 02 23 Retrieved 2006 07 23 http www geo mtu edu EHaz ConvergentPlatesClass Colima Luhr 20Colima 20andesite pdf James F Luhr and Ian S E Carmichael 1980 The Colima Volcanic Complex Mexico in Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology Vol 71 page 347 http www ssd noaa gov VAAC ARCHIVE COLI 2005E240658 html dead link VIDEO Mexico s Colima Volcano spews enormous cloud of ash NY Daily News 22 January 2015 Footage of huge ash plume as Mexico s Colima volcano erupts BBC News 25 January 2015 Retrieved 27 January 2015 Mexico s Colima Volcano Spews Ash Vapor a Mile Into the Air New York Times December 18 2016 Retrieved December 18 2016 Volcan de Colima www webcamsdemexico com Retrieved 2018 12 26 Bibliography Dominguez T Ramirez J J Breton M 2003 Present Stage Of Activity At Colima Volcano Mexico American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting 2003 abstract V42B 0350External links editVolcan de Colima at Wikipedia s sister projects nbsp Definitions from Wiktionary nbsp Media from Commons nbsp News from Wikinews nbsp Quotations from Wikiquote nbsp Texts from Wikisource nbsp Textbooks from Wikibooks nbsp Resources from Wikiversity Universidad de Colima Observatorio Vulcanologico in Spanish Universidad de Colima Centro de Intercambio e Investigacion en Vulcanologia in English and Spanish Experiments at Colima by the Alaska Volcano Observatory Colima Global Volcanism Program Smithsonian Institution Retrieved 2009 01 14 Volcan de Colima SummitPost org Retrieved 2016 12 03 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Volcan de Colima amp oldid 1217684809, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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