fbpx
Wikipedia

Northern voalavo

The northern voalavo[1] (Voalavo gymnocaudus), also known as the naked-tailed voalavo[2] or simply the voalavo,[3] is a rodent in the family Nesomyidae found in the Northern Highlands of Madagascar. Discovered in 1994 and formally described in 1998, it is the type species of the genus Voalavo; its closest relative is the eastern voalavo of the Central Highlands. DNA sequencing suggests that it may be more closely related to Grandidier's tufted-tailed rat than to other species of the closely related genus Eliurus. The northern voalavo is found at 1,250 to 1,950 m (4,100 to 6,400 ft) above sea level in montane wet and dry forests in the Marojejy and Anjanaharibe-Sud massifs. Nocturnal and solitary, it lives mainly on the ground, but it can climb and probably eats plant matter. Despite having a small range, the species is classified as being of least concern because it lacks obvious threats and much of its range is within protected areas.

Northern voalavo
Scientific classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Order: Rodentia
Family: Nesomyidae
Genus: Voalavo
Species:
V. gymnocaudus
Binomial name
Voalavo gymnocaudus
Carleton & Goodman, 1998
Known records of Voalavo gymnocaudus (red) and Voalavo antsahabensis (green)

The northern voalavo is a small, mouse-like rodent with soft, grey fur that is only slightly darker above than below. The ears are short and rounded. The long tail appears mostly naked and lacks a distinct tuft, which is present in Eliurus. It differs from the eastern voalavo mainly in the values of some measurements. The skull is delicate, with a long, narrow rostrum (front part), narrow interorbital region (between the eyes), and no development of ridges on the braincase. The molars are relatively high-crowned (hypsodont). It has a body mass of 17 to 25.5 g (0.60 to 0.90 oz).

Taxonomy edit

The rodent fauna of the Northern Highlands of Madagascar remained almost totally unstudied until the 1990s. A 1994 survey of the Anjanaharibe-Sud Reserve partially filled this gap and led to the discovery of two new species: Grandidier's tufted-tailed rat and northern voalavo, the first known and type species of the genus Voalavo. Both species were formally described in 1998 by Michael Carleton and Steven Goodman.[4] The generic name, Voalavo, is a general Malagasy word for rodent, and the specific name, gymnocaudus, refers to the naked tail, which distinguishes the northern voalavo from the related tufted-tailed rats (Eliurus).[5] In 2000, the species was also recorded from the nearby Marojejy National Park.[6]

Meanwhile, in 1999, Sharon Jansa and colleagues published a molecular phylogenetic study of the Nesomyinae, the native Malagasy rodents, using the mitochondrial gene cytochrome b. Their results suggested that the current definitions of Eliurus and Voalavo may not be correct, because they found that northern voalavo and Grandidier's tufted-tailed rat are more closely related to each other than to the remaining species of Eliurus. However, the DNA of Petter's tufted-tailed rat, a possible close relative of northern voalavo, could not be sampled, so Jansa and colleagues recommended further evaluation of the problem.[7] According to a 2003 report, data from nuclear genes also support the relationship between northern voalavo and Grandidier's tufted-tailed rat, but Petter's tufted-tailed rat remains genetically unstudied and the taxonomic issue has not been resolved.[8]

A second species of Voalavo, eastern voalavo, was named in 2005 from central Madagascar.[9] Morphological differences between the two are subtle but consistent, and the cytochrome b sequences of the two species differ by about 10%.[10] In mammals, closely related species regularly differ by less than 5% in their cytochrome b sequences, and a divergence of more than 5% within a single species suggests the presence of cryptic species.[11]

Description edit

External morphology edit

Measurements of northern voalavo[12]
Locality n Head-body Tail Hindfoot Ear Mass
Anjanaharibe-Sud 4 86–90 119–120 20–21 20.5–23.5
Marojejy 5 80–90 113–126 17–20 15–15 17.0–25.5
n: Number of specimens measured.
All measurements are in millimeters, except body mass in grams.

The northern voalavo is a small, mouse-like rodent.[13] It differs from the very similar eastern voalavo mainly in some measurements, such as a greater tail length.[14] It also resembles small species of Eliurus, but the fur is darker and there is no tail tuft.[3] The fur is soft, short, and thick,[15] and appears dark grey on most of the upperparts, but more brownish on the sides.[16] On the back, the cover hairs, which form the main part of the fur, are three-colored: most of the hair is grey, followed by a narrow light buff band and a black tip. The longer guard hairs are black.[15] The fur of the underparts is not different in overall color, but the individual hairs are gray for about three quarters of their length and white at the tips, except for those at the chin, which are white throughout.[16]

The mystacial vibrissae (whiskers on the upper lips) reach the tips of the ears when pressed against the head. The short, rounded ears themselves are naked on the inside, but covered with short brown hairs on the outer surface. Females have three pairs of mammae. The digits and metapodials are mostly covered by white hairs. Short ungual tufts of hairs surrounding the bases of the claws are present. There are five pads on the forefeet and six on the hindfeet. On the hindfeet, the fifth digit is nearly as long as the middle three and the first (the hallux) is much shorter. The tail is longer than the head and body and appears naked for most of its length, but fine hairs are visible near the tip. Although the lower side is slightly lighter, there is no clear difference in coloration between the upper and lower sides.[16] The skin of the tail is grey, and it is covered lightly by fine hairs that are dark brown over most of the length of the tail but white near the tip.[16]

Skeleton edit

The skull is delicate and lightly built. The rostrum, the front part of the skull, is narrow and fairly long;[16] it is shorter in eastern voalavo.[14] The narrow zygomatic plate (a plate on the side of the skull) extends back to about the front of the first upper molar (M1). The zygomatic notch, a notch in the upper part of the zygomatic plate, is small. The zygomatic arches (cheekbones) are narrow, but as usual in nesomyines contain a relatively long jugal bone.[16] The interorbital region (between the eyes) is narrow and short and lacks accessory shelves and ridges. The braincase also lacks such ridges.[17]

The incisive foramina (openings in the front part of the palate) are medium in length, and do not reach the first molars.[17] Their back margin is angular, not rounded as in eastern voalavo.[18] The diastema (the gap between the upper incisors and molars) is shorter than in eastern voalavo.[14] The bony palate is broad and lacks notable ridges and other features, except for a pair of foramina (openings) near the place where the first and second molars (M1 and M2) meet. The back border of the palate is at the level of the middle of the third molars (M3). In the bony roof of the mesopterygoid fossa, the opening behind the palate, wide sphenopalatine vacuities (openings) are present.[17] A thin alisphenoid strut (a piece of bone on the lower side of the skull separating two foramina) is present in specimens from Marojejy, but not in those from Anjanaharibe-Sud.[6] The tegmen tympani, the roof of the tympanic cavity, is reduced.[19]

The root of the lower incisor is visible at the back of the mandible (lower jaw) as a slight protrusion; a true capsular process is absent. There are 13 thoracic (chest), 7 lumbar, 4 sacral, and 38 or 39 caudal (tail) vertebrae. The humerus (upper arm bone) lacks an entepicondylar foramen.[19]

Dentition edit

The upper incisors are orthodont (with their cutting edge perpendicular to the plane formed by the molars) and have yellow to light orange enamel. On the lower incisor, the enamel contains series of fine ridges.[19] The toothrows are longer than in eastern voalavo.[14] As in Eliurus, the molars are incipiently hypsodont (high-crowned) and the individual cusps have lost their identities, having merged into transverse laminae not connected longitudinally. There are three laminae on each first and second molar, two on the third lower molar, and the laminae cannot be differentiated on the third upper molar. Although the first and second molars are similar to each other in size, the third (upper and lower) molars are conspicuously smaller. There are three roots below each upper and two below each lower molar.[19]

Distribution and ecology edit

The northern voalavo has been found only in two massifs of the Northern Highlands, Anjanaharibe-Sud and Marojejy, but may range more widely.[2] At Anjanaharibe-Sud, the species has been found in wet mountain forest at 1,950 m (6,400 ft), where it occurred with the indigenous rodents Major's tufted-tailed rat and island mouse as well as the introduced black rat (Rattus rattus), and in drier forest at about 1,300 m (4,300 ft), where it may live alongside other species of Eliurus and Voalavoanala.[20] The Marojejy records come from similar habitats at 1,250 to 1,875 m (4,101 to 6,152 ft) above sea level.[6] The northern voalavo probably largely lives on the ground, but is able to climb in vegetation.[6] It likes areas with dense networks of roots, among which it moves using runways and natural tunnels.[3] The species is nocturnal (active during the night), is solitary, probably eats fruits and seeds, and bears up to three young per litter.[21] A variety of parasitic arthropods have been recorded on northern voalavo: mites from the families Laelapidae and Trombiculidae (both Marojejy and Anjanaharibe-Sud), the demodecid mite Demodex (Marojejy only), the atopomelid mite Listrophoroides (both Marojejy and Anjanaharibe-Sud), and unidentified sucking lice (Anjanaharibe-Sud only).[22] In 2007, a laelapid mite found on V. gymnocaudus in Anjanaharibe-Sud was described as a new species, Andreacarus voalavo.[23] The apicomplexan parasite Eimeria has also been recorded in Anjanaharibe-Sud.[24]

Conservation status edit

Although it has a small range and is uncommon even within that range, no major threats are known and virtually all of its distribution is within protected areas. The species is therefore classified as "Least Concern" on the IUCN Red List.[1]

Notes edit

References edit

  • Baker, R.J.; Bradley, R.D. (2006). "Speciation in mammals and the Genetic Species Concept". Journal of Mammalogy. 87 (4): 643–662. doi:10.1644/06-MAMM-F-038R2.1. PMC 2771874. PMID 19890476.
  • Carleton, M.D.; Goodman, S.M. (1998). "New taxa of nesomyine rodents (Muroidea: Muridae) from Madagascar's northern highlands, with taxonomic comments on previously described forms". Fieldiana Zoology. 90: 163–200.
  • Carleton, M.D.; Goodman, S.M. (2000). "Rodents of the Parc national de Marojejy, Madagascar". Fieldiana Zoology. 97: 231–263.
  • Carleton, M.D.; Goodman, S.M. (2007). "A new species of the Eliurus majori complex (Rodentia: Muroidea: Nesomyidae) from south-central Madagascar, with remarks on emergent species groupings in the genus Eliurus". American Museum Novitates (3547): 1–21. doi:10.1206/0003-0082(2007)3547[1:ANSOTE]2.0.CO;2. hdl:2246/5834. S2CID 83860204.
  • Dowling, A.P.G.; Bochkov, A.V.; OConnor, B.M. (2007). "Revision of the genus Andreacarus (Acari: Laelapidae) with description of seven new species and a new genus for Australian species formerly placed in Andreacarus". Journal of Medical Entomology. 44 (3): 405–421. doi:10.1603/0022-2585(2007)44[405:ROTGAA]2.0.CO;2. PMID 17547225. S2CID 12676596.
  • Garbutt, N. (2007). Mammals of Madagascar: A Complete Guide. London: A & C Black. ISBN 978-0-7136-7043-1.
  • Goodman, S.M.; Carleton, M.D. (1998). "The rodents of the Réserve spéciale d'Anjanaharibe-Sud, Madagascar". Fieldiana Zoology. 90: 201–221.
  • Goodman, S.M.; Ganzhorn, J.U.; Rakotondravony, D. (2003). "Introduction to the mammals". In Goodman, S.M.; Benstead, J.P. (eds.). The Natural History of Madagascar. Chicago and London: The University of Chicago Press. pp. 1159–1186. ISBN 978-0-226-30307-9.
  • Goodman, S.M.; Rakotondravony, D.; Randriamanantsoa, H.N.; Rakotomalala-Razanahoera, M. (2005). "A new species of rodent from the montane forest of central eastern Madagascar (Muridae: Nesomyinae: Voalavo)". Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. 118 (4): 863–873. doi:10.2988/0006-324X(2005)118[863:ANSORF]2.0.CO;2. S2CID 85727603.
  • Jansa, S.A.; Carleton, M.D. (2003). "Systematics and phylogenetics of Madagascar's native rodents". In Goodman, S.M.; Benstead, J.P. (eds.). The Natural History of Madagascar. Chicago and London: The University of Chicago Press. pp. 1257–1265. ISBN 978-0-226-30307-9.
  • Jansa, S.A.; Goodman, S.M.; Tucker, P.K. (1999). "Molecular phylogeny and biogeography of the native rodents of Madagascar (Muridae: Nesomyinae): A test of the single-origin hypothesis" (PDF). Cladistics. 15 (3): 253–270. doi:10.1111/j.1096-0031.1999.tb00267.x. hdl:2027.42/72349. PMID 34902950. S2CID 221576293.
  • Kennerley, R. (2017) [errata version of 2016 assessment]. "Voalavo gymnocaudus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T29461A22236010.en.
  • Laakkonen, J.; Goodman, S.M. (2003). "Endoparasites of Malagasy mammals". In Goodman, S.M.; Benstead, J.P. (eds.). The Natural History of Madagascar. Chicago and London: The University of Chicago Press. pp. 1194–1198. ISBN 978-0-226-30307-9.
  • Musser, G.G.; Carleton, M.D. (2005). "Superfamily Muroidea". In Wilson, D.E.; Reeder, D.M (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 953. ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. OCLC 62265494.
  • OConnor, B.M. (1998). "Parasitic and commensal arthropods of some birds and mammals of the Réserve Speciale d'Anjanaharibe-Sud, Madagascar". Fieldiana Zoology. 90: 73–78.
  • OConnor, B.M. (2000). "Parasitic and commensal arthropods of some birds and mammals of Parc National de Marojejy, Madagascar". Fieldiana Zoology. 97: 137–141.

northern, voalavo, northern, voalavo, voalavo, gymnocaudus, also, known, naked, tailed, voalavo, simply, voalavo, rodent, family, nesomyidae, found, northern, highlands, madagascar, discovered, 1994, formally, described, 1998, type, species, genus, voalavo, cl. The northern voalavo 1 Voalavo gymnocaudus also known as the naked tailed voalavo 2 or simply the voalavo 3 is a rodent in the family Nesomyidae found in the Northern Highlands of Madagascar Discovered in 1994 and formally described in 1998 it is the type species of the genus Voalavo its closest relative is the eastern voalavo of the Central Highlands DNA sequencing suggests that it may be more closely related to Grandidier s tufted tailed rat than to other species of the closely related genus Eliurus The northern voalavo is found at 1 250 to 1 950 m 4 100 to 6 400 ft above sea level in montane wet and dry forests in the Marojejy and Anjanaharibe Sud massifs Nocturnal and solitary it lives mainly on the ground but it can climb and probably eats plant matter Despite having a small range the species is classified as being of least concern because it lacks obvious threats and much of its range is within protected areas Northern voalavo Conservation status Least Concern IUCN 3 1 1 Scientific classification Domain Eukaryota Kingdom Animalia Phylum Chordata Class Mammalia Order Rodentia Family Nesomyidae Genus Voalavo Species V gymnocaudus Binomial name Voalavo gymnocaudusCarleton amp Goodman 1998 Known records of Voalavo gymnocaudus red and Voalavo antsahabensis green The northern voalavo is a small mouse like rodent with soft grey fur that is only slightly darker above than below The ears are short and rounded The long tail appears mostly naked and lacks a distinct tuft which is present in Eliurus It differs from the eastern voalavo mainly in the values of some measurements The skull is delicate with a long narrow rostrum front part narrow interorbital region between the eyes and no development of ridges on the braincase The molars are relatively high crowned hypsodont It has a body mass of 17 to 25 5 g 0 60 to 0 90 oz Contents 1 Taxonomy 2 Description 2 1 External morphology 2 2 Skeleton 2 3 Dentition 3 Distribution and ecology 4 Conservation status 5 Notes 6 ReferencesTaxonomy editThe rodent fauna of the Northern Highlands of Madagascar remained almost totally unstudied until the 1990s A 1994 survey of the Anjanaharibe Sud Reserve partially filled this gap and led to the discovery of two new species Grandidier s tufted tailed rat and northern voalavo the first known and type species of the genus Voalavo Both species were formally described in 1998 by Michael Carleton and Steven Goodman 4 The generic name Voalavo is a general Malagasy word for rodent and the specific name gymnocaudus refers to the naked tail which distinguishes the northern voalavo from the related tufted tailed rats Eliurus 5 In 2000 the species was also recorded from the nearby Marojejy National Park 6 Meanwhile in 1999 Sharon Jansa and colleagues published a molecular phylogenetic study of the Nesomyinae the native Malagasy rodents using the mitochondrial gene cytochrome b Their results suggested that the current definitions of Eliurus and Voalavo may not be correct because they found that northern voalavo and Grandidier s tufted tailed rat are more closely related to each other than to the remaining species of Eliurus However the DNA of Petter s tufted tailed rat a possible close relative of northern voalavo could not be sampled so Jansa and colleagues recommended further evaluation of the problem 7 According to a 2003 report data from nuclear genes also support the relationship between northern voalavo and Grandidier s tufted tailed rat but Petter s tufted tailed rat remains genetically unstudied and the taxonomic issue has not been resolved 8 A second species of Voalavo eastern voalavo was named in 2005 from central Madagascar 9 Morphological differences between the two are subtle but consistent and the cytochrome b sequences of the two species differ by about 10 10 In mammals closely related species regularly differ by less than 5 in their cytochrome b sequences and a divergence of more than 5 within a single species suggests the presence of cryptic species 11 Description editExternal morphology edit Measurements of northern voalavo 12 Locality n Head body Tail Hindfoot Ear Mass Anjanaharibe Sud 4 86 90 119 120 20 21 20 5 23 5 Marojejy 5 80 90 113 126 17 20 15 15 17 0 25 5 n Number of specimens measured All measurements are in millimeters except body mass in grams The northern voalavo is a small mouse like rodent 13 It differs from the very similar eastern voalavo mainly in some measurements such as a greater tail length 14 It also resembles small species of Eliurus but the fur is darker and there is no tail tuft 3 The fur is soft short and thick 15 and appears dark grey on most of the upperparts but more brownish on the sides 16 On the back the cover hairs which form the main part of the fur are three colored most of the hair is grey followed by a narrow light buff band and a black tip The longer guard hairs are black 15 The fur of the underparts is not different in overall color but the individual hairs are gray for about three quarters of their length and white at the tips except for those at the chin which are white throughout 16 The mystacial vibrissae whiskers on the upper lips reach the tips of the ears when pressed against the head The short rounded ears themselves are naked on the inside but covered with short brown hairs on the outer surface Females have three pairs of mammae The digits and metapodials are mostly covered by white hairs Short ungual tufts of hairs surrounding the bases of the claws are present There are five pads on the forefeet and six on the hindfeet On the hindfeet the fifth digit is nearly as long as the middle three and the first the hallux is much shorter The tail is longer than the head and body and appears naked for most of its length but fine hairs are visible near the tip Although the lower side is slightly lighter there is no clear difference in coloration between the upper and lower sides 16 The skin of the tail is grey and it is covered lightly by fine hairs that are dark brown over most of the length of the tail but white near the tip 16 Skeleton edit The skull is delicate and lightly built The rostrum the front part of the skull is narrow and fairly long 16 it is shorter in eastern voalavo 14 The narrow zygomatic plate a plate on the side of the skull extends back to about the front of the first upper molar M1 The zygomatic notch a notch in the upper part of the zygomatic plate is small The zygomatic arches cheekbones are narrow but as usual in nesomyines contain a relatively long jugal bone 16 The interorbital region between the eyes is narrow and short and lacks accessory shelves and ridges The braincase also lacks such ridges 17 The incisive foramina openings in the front part of the palate are medium in length and do not reach the first molars 17 Their back margin is angular not rounded as in eastern voalavo 18 The diastema the gap between the upper incisors and molars is shorter than in eastern voalavo 14 The bony palate is broad and lacks notable ridges and other features except for a pair of foramina openings near the place where the first and second molars M1 and M2 meet The back border of the palate is at the level of the middle of the third molars M3 In the bony roof of the mesopterygoid fossa the opening behind the palate wide sphenopalatine vacuities openings are present 17 A thin alisphenoid strut a piece of bone on the lower side of the skull separating two foramina is present in specimens from Marojejy but not in those from Anjanaharibe Sud 6 The tegmen tympani the roof of the tympanic cavity is reduced 19 The root of the lower incisor is visible at the back of the mandible lower jaw as a slight protrusion a true capsular process is absent There are 13 thoracic chest 7 lumbar 4 sacral and 38 or 39 caudal tail vertebrae The humerus upper arm bone lacks an entepicondylar foramen 19 Dentition edit The upper incisors are orthodont with their cutting edge perpendicular to the plane formed by the molars and have yellow to light orange enamel On the lower incisor the enamel contains series of fine ridges 19 The toothrows are longer than in eastern voalavo 14 As in Eliurus the molars are incipiently hypsodont high crowned and the individual cusps have lost their identities having merged into transverse laminae not connected longitudinally There are three laminae on each first and second molar two on the third lower molar and the laminae cannot be differentiated on the third upper molar Although the first and second molars are similar to each other in size the third upper and lower molars are conspicuously smaller There are three roots below each upper and two below each lower molar 19 Distribution and ecology editThe northern voalavo has been found only in two massifs of the Northern Highlands Anjanaharibe Sud and Marojejy but may range more widely 2 At Anjanaharibe Sud the species has been found in wet mountain forest at 1 950 m 6 400 ft where it occurred with the indigenous rodents Major s tufted tailed rat and island mouse as well as the introduced black rat Rattus rattus and in drier forest at about 1 300 m 4 300 ft where it may live alongside other species of Eliurus and Voalavoanala 20 The Marojejy records come from similar habitats at 1 250 to 1 875 m 4 101 to 6 152 ft above sea level 6 The northern voalavo probably largely lives on the ground but is able to climb in vegetation 6 It likes areas with dense networks of roots among which it moves using runways and natural tunnels 3 The species is nocturnal active during the night is solitary probably eats fruits and seeds and bears up to three young per litter 21 A variety of parasitic arthropods have been recorded on northern voalavo mites from the families Laelapidae and Trombiculidae both Marojejy and Anjanaharibe Sud the demodecid mite Demodex Marojejy only the atopomelid mite Listrophoroides both Marojejy and Anjanaharibe Sud and unidentified sucking lice Anjanaharibe Sud only 22 In 2007 a laelapid mite found on V gymnocaudus in Anjanaharibe Sud was described as a new species Andreacarus voalavo 23 The apicomplexan parasite Eimeria has also been recorded in Anjanaharibe Sud 24 Conservation status editAlthough it has a small range and is uncommon even within that range no major threats are known and virtually all of its distribution is within protected areas The species is therefore classified as Least Concern on the IUCN Red List 1 Notes edit a b c Kennerley 2016 a b Musser amp Carleton 2005 p 953 a b c Garbutt 2007 p 234 Carleton amp Goodman 1998 p 164 Carleton amp Goodman 1998 p 189 a b c d Carleton amp Goodman 2000 p 251 Jansa Goodman amp Tucker 1999 p 262 Jansa amp Carleton 2003 pp 1263 1264 Carleton amp Goodman 2007 p 17 Goodman et al 2005 p 163 Goodman et al 2005 pp 870 871 Baker amp Bradley 2006 p 653 Carleton amp Goodman 1998 table 11 7 Carleton amp Goodman 2000 table 12 5 Carleton amp Goodman 1998 p 182 a b c d Goodman et al 2005 p 866 a b Carleton amp Goodman 1998 p 185 a b c d e f Carleton amp Goodman 1998 p 186 a b c Carleton amp Goodman 1998 p 187 Goodman et al 2005 p 869 a b c d Carleton amp Goodman 1998 p 188 Carleton amp Goodman 1998 p 188 Goodman amp Carleton 1998 p 211 Goodman Ganzhorn amp Rakotondravony 2003 table 13 4 OConnor 1998 p 76 OConnor 2000 p 140 Dowling Bochkov amp OConnor 2007 p 413 Laakkonen amp Goodman 2003 p 1196 References editBaker R J Bradley R D 2006 Speciation in mammals and the Genetic Species Concept Journal of Mammalogy 87 4 643 662 doi 10 1644 06 MAMM F 038R2 1 PMC 2771874 PMID 19890476 Carleton M D Goodman S M 1998 New taxa of nesomyine rodents Muroidea Muridae from Madagascar s northern highlands with taxonomic comments on previously described forms Fieldiana Zoology 90 163 200 Carleton M D Goodman S M 2000 Rodents of the Parc national de Marojejy Madagascar Fieldiana Zoology 97 231 263 Carleton M D Goodman S M 2007 A new species of the Eliurus majori complex Rodentia Muroidea Nesomyidae from south central Madagascar with remarks on emergent species groupings in the genus Eliurus American Museum Novitates 3547 1 21 doi 10 1206 0003 0082 2007 3547 1 ANSOTE 2 0 CO 2 hdl 2246 5834 S2CID 83860204 Dowling A P G Bochkov A V OConnor B M 2007 Revision of the genus Andreacarus Acari Laelapidae with description of seven new species and a new genus for Australian species formerly placed in Andreacarus Journal of Medical Entomology 44 3 405 421 doi 10 1603 0022 2585 2007 44 405 ROTGAA 2 0 CO 2 PMID 17547225 S2CID 12676596 Garbutt N 2007 Mammals of Madagascar A Complete Guide London A amp C Black ISBN 978 0 7136 7043 1 Goodman S M Carleton M D 1998 The rodents of the Reserve speciale d Anjanaharibe Sud Madagascar Fieldiana Zoology 90 201 221 Goodman S M Ganzhorn J U Rakotondravony D 2003 Introduction to the mammals In Goodman S M Benstead J P eds The Natural History of Madagascar Chicago and London The University of Chicago Press pp 1159 1186 ISBN 978 0 226 30307 9 Goodman S M Rakotondravony D Randriamanantsoa H N Rakotomalala Razanahoera M 2005 A new species of rodent from the montane forest of central eastern Madagascar Muridae Nesomyinae Voalavo Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 118 4 863 873 doi 10 2988 0006 324X 2005 118 863 ANSORF 2 0 CO 2 S2CID 85727603 Jansa S A Carleton M D 2003 Systematics and phylogenetics of Madagascar s native rodents In Goodman S M Benstead J P eds The Natural History of Madagascar Chicago and London The University of Chicago Press pp 1257 1265 ISBN 978 0 226 30307 9 Jansa S A Goodman S M Tucker P K 1999 Molecular phylogeny and biogeography of the native rodents of Madagascar Muridae Nesomyinae A test of the single origin hypothesis PDF Cladistics 15 3 253 270 doi 10 1111 j 1096 0031 1999 tb00267 x hdl 2027 42 72349 PMID 34902950 S2CID 221576293 Kennerley R 2017 errata version of 2016 assessment Voalavo gymnocaudus IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016 doi 10 2305 IUCN UK 2016 3 RLTS T29461A22236010 en Laakkonen J Goodman S M 2003 Endoparasites of Malagasy mammals In Goodman S M Benstead J P eds The Natural History of Madagascar Chicago and London The University of Chicago Press pp 1194 1198 ISBN 978 0 226 30307 9 Musser G G Carleton M D 2005 Superfamily Muroidea In Wilson D E Reeder D M eds Mammal Species of the World A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference 3rd ed Johns Hopkins University Press p 953 ISBN 978 0 8018 8221 0 OCLC 62265494 OConnor B M 1998 Parasitic and commensal arthropods of some birds and mammals of the Reserve Speciale d Anjanaharibe Sud Madagascar Fieldiana Zoology 90 73 78 OConnor B M 2000 Parasitic and commensal arthropods of some birds and mammals of Parc National de Marojejy Madagascar Fieldiana Zoology 97 137 141 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Northern voalavo amp oldid 1139122259, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

article

, read, download, free, free download, mp3, video, mp4, 3gp, jpg, jpeg, gif, png, picture, music, song, movie, book, game, games.