A velopharyngeal fricative, also known as a posterior nasal fricative, is a sound produced by some children with speech disorders, including some with a cleft palate, as a substitute for sibilants (in English, /s,z,ʃ,ʒ,tʃ,dʒ,tr,dr/), which cannot be produced with a cleft palate. It results from "the approximation but inadequate closure of the upper border of the velum and the posterior pharyngeal wall."[1] To produce a velopharyngeal fricative, the soft palate approaches the pharyngeal wall and narrows the velopharyngeal port, such that the restricted port creates fricative turbulence in air forced through it into the nasal cavity. The articulation may be aided by a posterior positioning of the tongue and may involve velar flutter (a snorting sound).[2][3]
Voiceless velopharyngeal fricative
ʩ
Encoding
Entity (decimal)
ʩ
Unicode (hex)
U+02A9
Image
Voiced velopharyngeal fricative
ʩ̬
Voiceless velopharyngeal trill
𝼀
ʩ𐞪
Encoding
Entity (decimal)
𝼀
Unicode (hex)
U+1DF00
Image
The term 'velopharyngeal' indicates "articulation between the upper surface of the velum and the back wall of the naso-pharynx."[4]
A velopharyngeal fricative trill or "snort" (much as epiglottal fricatives tend to be trilled):
voiceless [𝼀]
voiced [𝼀̬]
Other consonants accompanied by velopharyngeal frication, such as [s͌] = [s𐞐],[5] potentially transcribed with an additional ⟨𐞪⟩ to overtly indicate accompanying trill.
Velopharyngeal frication
◌͌
◌𐞐
The letter for the trill was only adopted in 2015; before then the letter ⟨ʩ⟩ stood for both. Some authorities describe the trilled velopharyngeals as being accompanied by uvular trill rather than velar flutter. Whether this is a difference in interpretation or of pronunciation, it would be explicitly transcribed with a superscript ⟨ʀ⟩: voiceless [ʩ𐞪] and voiced [ʩ̬𐞪].
Production videos for Consonants (ExtIPA symbols) (click on ⟨ʩ⟩ in the chart for a plain [ʩ])
Referencesedit
^Martin Duckworth, George Allen, William Hardcastle & Martin Ball (1990) 'Extensions to the International Phonetic Alphabet for the transcription of atypical speech'. Clinical Linguistics & Phonetics 4: 4, p. 276.
velopharyngeal, consonant, velopharyngeal, fricative, also, known, posterior, nasal, fricative, sound, produced, some, children, with, speech, disorders, including, some, with, cleft, palate, substitute, sibilants, english, which, cannot, produced, with, cleft. A velopharyngeal fricative also known as a posterior nasal fricative is a sound produced by some children with speech disorders including some with a cleft palate as a substitute for sibilants in English s z ʃ ʒ tʃ dʒ tr dr which cannot be produced with a cleft palate It results from the approximation but inadequate closure of the upper border of the velum and the posterior pharyngeal wall 1 To produce a velopharyngeal fricative the soft palate approaches the pharyngeal wall and narrows the velopharyngeal port such that the restricted port creates fricative turbulence in air forced through it into the nasal cavity The articulation may be aided by a posterior positioning of the tongue and may involve velar flutter a snorting sound 2 3 Voiceless velopharyngeal fricativeʩEncodingEntity decimal amp 681 Unicode hex U 02A9ImageVoiced velopharyngeal fricativeʩ Voiceless velopharyngeal trill ʩ EncodingEntity decimal amp 122624 Unicode hex U 1DF00ImageThe term velopharyngeal indicates articulation between the upper surface of the velum and the back wall of the naso pharynx 4 The base symbol for a velopharyngeal fricative in the extensions to the International Phonetic Alphabet for disordered speech is ʩ and secondary articulation is indicated with a double tilde The following variants are described A voiceless velopharyngeal fricative ʩ A voiced velopharyngeal fricative ʩ A velopharyngeal fricative trill or snort much as epiglottal fricatives tend to be trilled voiceless voiced Other consonants accompanied by velopharyngeal frication such as s s 5 potentially transcribed with an additional to overtly indicate accompanying trill Velopharyngeal frication The letter for the trill was only adopted in 2015 before then the letter ʩ stood for both Some authorities describe the trilled velopharyngeals as being accompanied by uvular trill rather than velar flutter Whether this is a difference in interpretation or of pronunciation it would be explicitly transcribed with a superscript ʀ voiceless ʩ and voiced ʩ See also editHypernasal speechExternal links editProduction videos for Consonants ExtIPA symbols click on ʩ in the chart for a plain ʩ References edit Martin Duckworth George Allen William Hardcastle amp Martin Ball 1990 Extensions to the International Phonetic Alphabet for the transcription of atypical speech Clinical Linguistics amp Phonetics 4 4 p 276 Arnold Aronson amp Diane Thieme 2009 Clinical Voice Disorders Linda Vallino Dennis Ruscello amp David Zajac 2017 Cleft Palate Speech and Resonance An Audio and Video Resource p 30 32 Bertil Malmberg amp Louise Kaiser 1968 Manual of phonetics North Holland p 325 A double tilde might be confused with doubling the nasal tilde used to indicate that a sound is heavily nasalized nbsp This phonetics article is a stub You can help Wikipedia by expanding it vte Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Velopharyngeal consonant amp oldid 1209773510, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
