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Vareš

February 22, 2023

Vareš (Cyrillic: Вареш) is a town and municipality located in Zenica-Doboj Canton of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, an entity of Bosnia and Herzegovina. It is situated in central Bosnia and Herzegovina, and is famous for the local mining activities and production of iron.[1] As of 2013, it has a population of 8,892 inhabitants, with 2,917 in the town itself.[2]

Vareš
Вареш
Town and municipality
View on Vareš
Coat of arms
Vareš
Location of Vareš within Bosnia and Herzegovina
Coordinates: 44°09′43″N 18°19′37″E / 44.16194°N 18.32694°E / 44.16194; 18.32694Coordinates: 44°09′43″N 18°19′37″E / 44.16194°N 18.32694°E / 44.16194; 18.32694
Country Bosnia and Herzegovina
EntityFederation of Bosnia and Herzegovina
Canton Zenica-Doboj
Government
 • Municipal mayorZdravko Marošević (HDZ BiH)
Area
 • Town and municipality390.1 km2 (150.6 sq mi)
Population
 (2013 census)
 • Town and municipality8,892
 • Density23/km2 (59/sq mi)
 • Urban
2,917
Time zoneUTC+1 (CET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+2 (CEST)
Area code+387 32
Websitewww.vares.info

Geography

Vareš is a mountainous town located 45 km from Sarajevo in the valley of the small Stavnja River 828 m above sea level surrounded by the massive high Kapija, Stijene, Zvijezda and Perun Mountains, named after Perun / Перун, the highest god of the Slavic pantheon (Perkūnas/Perkons). The town is rich with archeological findings from different epochs – on several surrounding locations are found remains of prehistorical period, such as copper artifacts in Brgula.

In the town center itself, there is an old stone bridge that resembles to the majority of one arched bridges from Ottoman period. This bridge is considered to be similar by the building method to the Old Bridge in Mostar.

History

Early history

The town of Vareš has a long history with remains of metallurgical activities dating back to Bronze Age. Also during the Roman era, the town was famous for its miners and smiths.

Middle ages

During Middle Ages the Bosnian kings had their center in close proximity of the modern city of Vareš. Bosnia's greatest king, Tvrtko, considered the Vareš' village Duboštica for the center of his kingdom, since it was the mining center of his country.

Medieval

The remains of the medieval royal city and castle Bobovac were recently proclaimed as national monuments, as was the Catholic Church of St. Michael in the town of Vareš. Oldest preserved Catholic church in Bosnia can be found in the town, built in early 17th century. The town was earlier dominated by Catholic population. The church books are among the oldest preserved in Bosnia and date back to 1643.

Austro-Hungarian Empire

During the Austrian rule of Bosnia and Herzegovina the iron-works of Vareš were an important exporter of various iron products to the rest of the Habsburg empire. In 1891, the first blast furnace in Bosnia and Herzegovina was built there. That blast furnace still exists, but it ceased its operations in 1990.

World War I

In the 1910s World War I, men of the town were subject to draft, and served in the regiment BH-1, formally based in Sarajevo. They mostly saw action in the Italian and Galician fronts. The church bell was taken and melted so it could be used to produce war material.

World War II

During World War II, following the invasion and occupation of Yugoslavia, Vareš was incorporated into the fascist puppet Independent State of Croatia (NDH), and controlled by the Croatian Ustashe quislings, as an important mining center whose natural resources, mainly iron ore, was exploited to support the NDH war efforts. In April 1945, the town was eventually liberated by the Yugoslav Partisans, and became a part of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia.

Bosnian War (1992–95)

In April 1992, the Bosnian War began and lasted until December 1995. The town of Vareš had 12,000 residents at the time, with Croats being small majority. Since the first democratic elections in 1991 until October 1993, the municipality was governed by the Social Democratic Party of Bosnia and Herzegovina, non-ethnic party, while the town's and municipality territory was under joint the Croatian Defence Council (HVO) and the Army of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina (ARBiH) control since the war begun. Despite the outbreak of the Croat-Bosniak War, the relations between the local HVO and the ARBiH units remained relatively good until the summer of 1993. As a consequence of broader conflict deepening between Croats and Bosniak, especially in Central Bosnia, the ARBiH overran the HVO in nearby Kakanj resulting in few thousands of Croat refugees settling in Vareš.[3] In October, the local HVO, supported by HDZ and structures of Herceg-Bosna, took full control of the town, while most of the Bosniak population has been forced to leave or fled.[4] On 23 October, dozens of Bosniaks were killed by the HVO in the Stupni Do massacre.[3] Following the massacre, ARBiH attacked the Vareš enclave and captured the town in early November. Most of the Croat and some Serb population fled through the Serb lines to Kiseljak and Kreševo, while the town was looted after its capture. The remaining HVO units took hold in the village of Daštansko, where they remained until the Dayton Agreement was signed in November 1995.[3]

Many Croat, most of Bosniaks and аn insignificant number of Serbs have returned to Vareš in 1995, but the majority emigrated to United States, Canada, Australia and other West European countries. Many Croats from Vareš ended up in Croatia while Serbs fled to Republika Srpska and Serbia.

Demographics

According to the 2013 census results, it has a population 8,892 inhabitants. Population decline is evident since the end of the Bosnian War, as nearly two thirds of the population from 1991 left Vareš in only twenty years.[5]

Historical population
YearPop.±% p.a.
197123,532—    
199122,203−0.29%
20138,892−4.07%

Ethnic composition

Ethnic composition – Vareš town
2013. 1991. 1971.
Bosniaks 1,339 (45.9%) 1,068 (18.13%) (-)
Croats 1,254 (43%) 3,035 (51.54%) (-)
Serbs 71 (2.4%) 627 (10,64%) (-)
Yugoslavs (-) 859 (14.58%) (-)
Others 253 (8.7%) 299 (5.07%) (-)
Total 2,917 (100,0%) 5,888 (100,0%) (-)
Ethnic composition – Vareš municipality
2013. 1991. 1971.
Bosniaks 5,447 (61.3%) 6,714 (30.24%) 6,631 (28.18%)
Croats 2,820 (31.7%) 9,016 (40.61%) 11,134 (47.33%)
Serbs 189 (2.1%) 3,644 (16.41%) 5,166 (21.96%)
Yugoslavs (-) 2,071 (9.32%) 307 (1.30%)
Others 436 (4.9%) 758 (3.44%) 285 (1.23%)
Total 8,892 (100,0%) 22,203 (100,0%) 23,523 (100,0%)

Settlements

Aside from the town of Vareš, the municipality includes the following settlements:

  • Bijelo Borje
  • Blaža
  • Borovica Donja
  • Borovica Gornja
  • Borovičke Njive
  • Brda* Brezik
  • Brgule
  • Budoželje
  • Čamovine
  • Ćeće
  • Dabravine
  • Daštansko
  • Debela Međa
  • Diknjići
  • Dragovići
  • Draževići
  • Duboštica
  • Hodžići
  • Ivančevo
  • Javornik
  • Kadarići
  • Karići
  • Kokoščići
  • Kolovići
  • Kopališta
  • Kopijari
  • Krčevine
  • Kunosići
  • Letevci
  • Ligatići
  • Luke
  • Ljepovići
  • Mijakovići
  • Mir
  • Mižnović
  • Mlakve
  • Naseoci
  • Neprivaj
  • Oćevija
  • Okruglica
  • Orah
  • Osoje
  • Osredak
  • Ostrlja
  • Pajtov Han
  • Pajtovići
  • Planinica
  • Pobilje
  • Podjavor
  • Pogar
  • Položac
  • Poljanice
  • Pomenići
  • Pržići
  • Pržići Kolonija
  • Radonjići
  • Radoševići
  • Ravne
  • Rokoč
  • Samari
  • Semizova Ponikva
  • Seoci
  • Sjenokos
  • Slavin
  • Sršljenci
  • Strica
  • Striježevo
  • Stupni Do
  • Šikulje
  • Tisovci
  • Toljenak
  • Tribija
  • Vareš Majdan
  • Vijaka Donja
  • Vijaka Gornja
  • Višnjići
  • Zabrezje
  • Zaruđe
  • Zubeta
  • Zvijezda,
  • Žalja i Žižci

Tourism

The Vareš region also has possibilities for winter tourism development. Due to its position and elevation snow stays longer than in other regions, and the beautiful areas surrounding it are really good for skiing and skating. The mountain resort Doli is located on Zvijezda Mountain.

List of mayors

Notable people

References

  1. ^ Jelin - Dizdar, Tina (22 March 2013). "Razglednica iz Vareša: Grad koji je uspio sačuvati zajednički život". slobodnaevropa.org (in Serbian). Retrieved 21 June 2018.
  2. ^ "Naseljena Mjesta 1991/2013" (in Bosnian). Statistical Office of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Retrieved February 13, 2022.
  3. ^ a b c Central Intelligence Agency, Office of Russian and European Analysis (2002). Balkan Battlegrounds: A Military History of the Yugoslav Conflict, 1990–1995, Volume 2. Washington, D.C.: Central Intelligence Agency. p. 437-440. ISBN 978-0-16-066472-4.
  4. ^ CIA 2002b, pp. 437–440.
  5. ^ Mujkić, Semir (19 September 2016). "ŽIVOT NA TEKU: Vareš danas ima stanovnika koliko je nekada imao radnika". zurnal.info (in Serbian). Retrieved 21 June 2018.

External links

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Vareš.

February 22, 2023
vareš, this, article, needs, additional, citations, verification, please, help, improve, this, article, adding, citations, reliable, sources, unsourced, material, challenged, removed, find, sources, news, newspapers, books, scholar, jstor, june, 2018, learn, w. This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Vares news newspapers books scholar JSTOR June 2018 Learn how and when to remove this template message Vares Cyrillic Varesh is a town and municipality located in Zenica Doboj Canton of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina an entity of Bosnia and Herzegovina It is situated in central Bosnia and Herzegovina and is famous for the local mining activities and production of iron 1 As of 2013 it has a population of 8 892 inhabitants with 2 917 in the town itself 2 Vares VareshTown and municipalityView on VaresCoat of armsVaresLocation of Vares within Bosnia and HerzegovinaCoordinates 44 09 43 N 18 19 37 E 44 16194 N 18 32694 E 44 16194 18 32694 Coordinates 44 09 43 N 18 19 37 E 44 16194 N 18 32694 E 44 16194 18 32694Country Bosnia and HerzegovinaEntityFederation of Bosnia and HerzegovinaCanton Zenica DobojGovernment Municipal mayorZdravko Marosevic HDZ BiH Area Town and municipality390 1 km2 150 6 sq mi Population 2013 census Town and municipality8 892 Density23 km2 59 sq mi Urban2 917Time zoneUTC 1 CET Summer DST UTC 2 CEST Area code 387 32Websitewww wbr vares wbr info Contents 1 Geography 2 History 2 1 Early history 2 2 Middle ages 2 3 Medieval 2 4 Austro Hungarian Empire 2 5 World War I 2 6 World War II 2 7 Bosnian War 1992 95 3 Demographics 3 1 Ethnic composition 4 Settlements 5 Tourism 6 List of mayors 7 Notable people 8 References 9 External linksGeography EditVares is a mountainous town located 45 km from Sarajevo in the valley of the small Stavnja River 828 m above sea level surrounded by the massive high Kapija Stijene Zvijezda and Perun Mountains named after Perun Perun the highest god of the Slavic pantheon Perkunas Perkons The town is rich with archeological findings from different epochs on several surrounding locations are found remains of prehistorical period such as copper artifacts in Brgula In the town center itself there is an old stone bridge that resembles to the majority of one arched bridges from Ottoman period This bridge is considered to be similar by the building method to the Old Bridge in Mostar History EditEarly history Edit The town of Vares has a long history with remains of metallurgical activities dating back to Bronze Age Also during the Roman era the town was famous for its miners and smiths Middle ages Edit During Middle Ages the Bosnian kings had their center in close proximity of the modern city of Vares Bosnia s greatest king Tvrtko considered the Vares village Dubostica for the center of his kingdom since it was the mining center of his country Medieval Edit The remains of the medieval royal city and castle Bobovac were recently proclaimed as national monuments as was the Catholic Church of St Michael in the town of Vares Oldest preserved Catholic church in Bosnia can be found in the town built in early 17th century The town was earlier dominated by Catholic population The church books are among the oldest preserved in Bosnia and date back to 1643 Austro Hungarian Empire Edit During the Austrian rule of Bosnia and Herzegovina the iron works of Vares were an important exporter of various iron products to the rest of the Habsburg empire In 1891 the first blast furnace in Bosnia and Herzegovina was built there That blast furnace still exists but it ceased its operations in 1990 World War I Edit In the 1910s World War I men of the town were subject to draft and served in the regiment BH 1 formally based in Sarajevo They mostly saw action in the Italian and Galician fronts The church bell was taken and melted so it could be used to produce war material World War II Edit During World War II following the invasion and occupation of Yugoslavia Vares was incorporated into the fascist puppet Independent State of Croatia NDH and controlled by the Croatian Ustashe quislings as an important mining center whose natural resources mainly iron ore was exploited to support the NDH war efforts In April 1945 the town was eventually liberated by the Yugoslav Partisans and became a part of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia Bosnian War 1992 95 Edit In April 1992 the Bosnian War began and lasted until December 1995 The town of Vares had 12 000 residents at the time with Croats being small majority Since the first democratic elections in 1991 until October 1993 the municipality was governed by the Social Democratic Party of Bosnia and Herzegovina non ethnic party while the town s and municipality territory was under joint the Croatian Defence Council HVO and the Army of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina ARBiH control since the war begun Despite the outbreak of the Croat Bosniak War the relations between the local HVO and the ARBiH units remained relatively good until the summer of 1993 As a consequence of broader conflict deepening between Croats and Bosniak especially in Central Bosnia the ARBiH overran the HVO in nearby Kakanj resulting in few thousands of Croat refugees settling in Vares 3 In October the local HVO supported by HDZ and structures of Herceg Bosna took full control of the town while most of the Bosniak population has been forced to leave or fled 4 On 23 October dozens of Bosniaks were killed by the HVO in the Stupni Do massacre 3 Following the massacre ARBiH attacked the Vares enclave and captured the town in early November Most of the Croat and some Serb population fled through the Serb lines to Kiseljak and Kresevo while the town was looted after its capture The remaining HVO units took hold in the village of Dastansko where they remained until the Dayton Agreement was signed in November 1995 3 Many Croat most of Bosniaks and an insignificant number of Serbs have returned to Vares in 1995 but the majority emigrated to United States Canada Australia and other West European countries Many Croats from Vares ended up in Croatia while Serbs fled to Republika Srpska and Serbia Demographics EditAccording to the 2013 census results it has a population 8 892 inhabitants Population decline is evident since the end of the Bosnian War as nearly two thirds of the population from 1991 left Vares in only twenty years 5 Historical populationYearPop p a 197123 532 199122 203 0 29 20138 892 4 07 Ethnic composition Edit Ethnic composition Vares town2013 1991 1971 Bosniaks 1 339 45 9 1 068 18 13 Croats 1 254 43 3 035 51 54 Serbs 71 2 4 627 10 64 Yugoslavs 859 14 58 Others 253 8 7 299 5 07 Total 2 917 100 0 5 888 100 0 Ethnic composition Vares municipality2013 1991 1971 Bosniaks 5 447 61 3 6 714 30 24 6 631 28 18 Croats 2 820 31 7 9 016 40 61 11 134 47 33 Serbs 189 2 1 3 644 16 41 5 166 21 96 Yugoslavs 2 071 9 32 307 1 30 Others 436 4 9 758 3 44 285 1 23 Total 8 892 100 0 22 203 100 0 23 523 100 0 Settlements EditAside from the town of Vares the municipality includes the following settlements Bijelo Borje Blaza Borovica Donja Borovica Gornja Borovicke Njive Brda Brezik Brgule Budozelje Camovine Cece Dabravine Dastansko Debela Međa Diknjici Dragovici Drazevici Dubostica Hodzici Ivancevo Javornik Kadarici Karici Kokoscici Kolovici Kopalista Kopijari Krcevine Kunosici Letevci Ligatici Luke Ljepovici Mijakovici Mir Miznovic Mlakve Naseoci Neprivaj Ocevija Okruglica Orah Osoje Osredak Ostrlja Pajtov Han Pajtovici Planinica Pobilje Podjavor Pogar Polozac Poljanice Pomenici Przici Przici Kolonija Radonjici Radosevici Ravne Rokoc Samari Semizova Ponikva Seoci Sjenokos Slavin Srsljenci Strica Strijezevo Stupni Do Sikulje Tisovci Toljenak Tribija Vares Majdan Vijaka Donja Vijaka Gornja Visnjici Zabrezje Zaruđe Zubeta Zvijezda Zalja i ZizciTourism EditThe Vares region also has possibilities for winter tourism development Due to its position and elevation snow stays longer than in other regions and the beautiful areas surrounding it are really good for skiing and skating The mountain resort Doli is located on Zvijezda Mountain List of mayors EditIvica Dzoja 1954 1963 League of Communists of Yugoslavia Mile Markic 1963 197x League of Communists of Yugoslavia Slobodan Milanovic 197x 197x League of Communists of Yugoslavia Salko Operta 1974 1978 League of Communists of Yugoslavia Resad Zutic 1981 1983 League of Communists of Yugoslavia Zeljko Franjkic 1986 1988 League of Communists of Yugoslavia Pero Jarcevic 1988 1989 League of Communists of Yugoslavia Mladen Zovko 1989 1990 League of Communists of Yugoslavia Dario Andrijevic 1990 1992 KPJ SDP BiH Anto Pejcinovic 1992 1993 HDZ BiH Mervana Hadzimurtezic 1992 1998 SDA Samir Musa 1998 2000 SDA joint mayor Pavao Vidovic 1998 2000 HDZ BiH joint major Ermin Musa 2000 2001 SDA Hamdo Fatic 2001 2012 SDP BiH Avdija Kovacevic 2012 2016 SDA Zdravko Marosevic 2016 present HDZ BiHNotable people EditBorislav Stjepanovic actor Ipe Ivandic musician Milo Cipra music composer Slaven Stjepanovic footballer Zeljko Ivankovic poet and writer Matija Divkovic Bosnian Franciscan writer fra Grgo Ilic Varesanin 1736 1813 Franciscan friar and bishop served as provincial minister and apostolic vicar Grigorije DuricReferences Edit Jelin Dizdar Tina 22 March 2013 Razglednica iz Varesa Grad koji je uspio sacuvati zajednicki zivot slobodnaevropa org in Serbian Retrieved 21 June 2018 Naseljena Mjesta 1991 2013 in Bosnian Statistical Office of Bosnia and Herzegovina Retrieved February 13 2022 a b c Central Intelligence Agency Office of Russian and European Analysis 2002 Balkan Battlegrounds A Military History of the Yugoslav Conflict 1990 1995 Volume 2 Washington D C Central Intelligence Agency p 437 440 ISBN 978 0 16 066472 4 CIA 2002b pp 437 440 sfn error no target CITEREFCIA2002b help Mujkic Semir 19 September 2016 ZIVOT NA TEKU Vares danas ima stanovnika koliko je nekada imao radnika zurnal info in Serbian Retrieved 21 June 2018 External links Edit Wikimedia Commons has media related to Vares http www vares pp se http www vares x com ba Web magazine with current information on the city in Croatian http www zupavares com http www vares info Tragovima bosanskog kraljevstva Archived 2016 03 04 at the Wayback Machine Tourist route for medieval Bosnia Trail of the Bosnian Kingdom Cultural Tourism in Vares Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Vares amp oldid 1135597949, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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