Vanua'aku Pati
This article needs to be updated. (July 2015) |
The Vanua'aku Pati (lit. 'My Land Party')[1] is a democratic socialist political party in Vanuatu.
My Land Party Vanua'aku Pati | |
|---|---|
| Abbreviation | VP |
| Leader | Bob Loughman |
| Founder | Walter Lini |
| Founded | 17 August 1971 |
| Ideology | Melanesian socialism Democratic socialism Vanuatuan nationalism Anglophone interests |
| Political position | Centre-left to left-wing |
| Colours | Green Red Black |
| Slogan | Seli Hoo (lit. 'pull together') |
| Parliament | 7 / 52 |
| Port Vila Municipal Council | 4 / 18 |
| Party flag | |
| Website | |
| Facebook page | |
Formerly New Hebridean Cultural Association (1971) New Hebrides National Party (1971–1977) | |
History edit
The party was founded on 17 August 1971 by Walter Lini as the New Hebridean Cultural Association, renamed later that same year as the New Hebrides National Party, and was one of two parties formed during the country's move towards independence. While the NHNP was supported by British interests, the Union of New Hebrides Communities was supported by French interests. The NHNP went on to win the 1975 elections and in 1977 it was renamed the Vanua'aku Pati.[2] The party won the pre-independence 1979 elections and Lini became chief minister. The country gained independence in 1980 and Lini became the first Prime Minister of Vanuatu, remaining in the post until 1991. In 1991 the party split, and Lini was among those who left the party.
After the 1991 elections, the party lost its dominance over the government. Despite this, the party remained strong. During the next decade, as party members Donald Kalpokas and Edward Natapei served as prime ministers of Vanuatu. The party began steadily losing seats in the early 2000s; it took 18 in the 1998 elections, 14 in the 2002 elections, and 8 in the 2004 elections, a setback which forced Prime Minister Natapei to resign. The party suffered another split after the elections, as the leadership refused to support the national coalition government of Serge Vohor while two Vanua'aku Party representatives supported this government, allowing it to take office. However, after a controversy over the diplomatic recognition of Taiwan and China, the Vanua'aku Party reunited in December 2004 and was involved in the effort to oust Vohor. It remained influential, and was a key supporter of the National United Party government of Walter Lini's brother Ham Lini which lasted from December 2004 through the September 2008 elections. After a short break from participation in the coalition government, the party returned in July 2007 when its leader, former Prime Minister Edward Natapei, became deputy prime minister. The party had a strong result in the September 2008 elections, gaining 11 of the 52 results, making this party the largest one in Parliament and allowing Natapei to return as prime minister.
After multiple attempts to remove Natapei, he was forced out by a vote of no confidence on 2 December 2010, replaced by opposition leader Sato Kilman.[3] Natapei was temporarily reinstated on 16 June 2011 when the Supreme Court of Vanuatu ruled Kilman's election as prime minister violated the Vanuatu constitution. A new election was held on 26 June of that year, in which Kilman was reinstated.
The party lost three seats in the parliamentary elections of 30 October 2012; however, it remained the largest single party in parliament.[4] Following Kilman's resignation in 2013 the party joined the governing coalition, first with Edward Natapei as vice Prime Minister in Moana Carcasses Kalosil's cabinet[5] and then in 2014 with Joe Natuman becoming Prime Minister himself.[6] His government lasted just one year, after which 3 MPs crossed the floor allowing Sato Kilman to take back the office.[7]
In the 2016 election the party lost two more seats, becoming the second biggest party tied with UMP. The VP initially joined Charlot Salwai's government coalition that emerged after the election,[8] but it was replaced by the Leaders Party of Vanuatu in a cabinet reshuffle that took place in 2018.[9]
In the 2020 election the party won 7 seats, one more than in 2016, but remained the second biggest party. Despite that its new leader, Bob Loughman, was appointed Prime Minister,[10] a position that he kept until August 2022, when he asked the President to dissolve the Parliament to avoid a no-confidence vote.[11] As a result of the subsequent snap election the party retained all of its seats but ended up in the opposition of the newly formed government, led by Bob Loughman's former vice PM Ishmael Kalsakau.[12]
The name of the Vanua'aku Party means "Party of My land" in English (from the word vanua). It supports socialist economic policies and is mostly supported by English speakers.
Election results edit
| Election | Leader | Votes | % | Seats | +/– | Government |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1975 | Walter Lini | 27,978 | 54.19 (#1) | 17 / 29 | New | Opposition |
| 1977 | Boycotted | 0 / 38 | 17 | Extra-parliamentary | ||
| 1979 | 28,636 | 60.77 (#1) | 25 / 39 | 25 | Majority | |
| 1983 | 24,313 | 55.05 (#1) | 24 / 39 | 1 | Majority | |
| 1987 | 26,617 | 47.28 (#1) | 26 / 46 | 2 | Majority | |
| 1991 | Donald Kalpokas | 14,058 | 22.61 (#2) | 10 / 46 | 16 | Opposition |
| 1995 | 23,911 | 31.45 (#1) | 13 / 50 | 3 | Opposition | |
| 1998 | 14,467 | 20.98 (#1) | 18 / 52 | 5 | Coalition | |
| 2002 | Edward Natapei | 13,509 | 17.07 (#1) | 14 / 52 | 4 | Coalition |
| 2004 | 12,819 | 13.90 (#2) | 8 / 52 | 6 | Coalition | |
| 2008 | 15,479 | 14.71 (#1) | 11 / 52 | 3 | Coalition | |
| 2012 | 13,593 | 11.29 (#2) | 8 / 52 | 3 | Coalition | |
| 2016 | Joe Natuman | 13,463 | 11.91 (#1) | 6 / 52 | 2 | Coalition |
| 2020 | Bob Loughman | 17,460 | 12.12 (#2) | 7 / 52 | 1 | Coalition |
| 2022 | 20,511 | 15.50 (#1) | 7 / 52 | 0 | Opposition | |
References edit
- ^ "Vanuatu lawmakers elect Natapei as prime minister". Associated Press. International Herald Tribune. 2008-09-22. Retrieved 2008-09-22.
- ^ "The political parties and groupings of Vanuatu" (PDF). August 2008. Retrieved 10 October 2016.
- ^ "Vanuatu's Natapei ousted in no confidence challenge". radionz.co.nz. 2010-12-03. Retrieved 2015-07-29.
- ^ "Republic of Vanuatu Election for Parliament". International Foundation for Electoral Systems. Retrieved 2015-07-29.
- ^ "Vanuatu MPs select Greens’ leader as new prime minister", Radio New Zealand International, 23 March 2013
- ^ "Natuman names cabinet line-up" 17 May 2014 at the Wayback Machine, Vanuatu Digest, 16 May 2014
- ^ "Vanuatu announces new cabinet after new prime minister Sato Kilman is elected", Australian Broadcasting Corporation, 12 June 2015
- ^ "New Govt committed to change, announces Cabinet" 11 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine, Vanuatu Daily Digest, 12 February 2016
- ^ Willie, Royson. "VP out, LPV in". Daily Post. Retrieved 29 August 2019.
- ^ Vanuatu's new PM appoints his new Cabinet Radio New Zealand, 21 April 2020
- ^ Hawkins, Koroi (19 August 2022). "Vanuatu president dissolves parliament". RNZ. from the original on 18 August 2022. Retrieved 19 August 2022.
- ^ Manassah, Kiery (11 November 2022). "Alatoi Ishmael Kalsakau's opportunity to write his own story". DevPolicy Blog. Retrieved 11 December 2022.