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Uroš II, Grand Prince of Serbia

January 01, 1970

For the Serb King 1282–1321, see Stephen Uroš II Milutin of Serbia.

Uroš II[a] (Serbian Cyrillic: Урош II), also known as Primislav (Примислав) or Prvoslav (Првослав), was Serbian Grand Prince from c.1145 to 1162, with brief interruptions as ruler by Desa, his brother. His rule was characterized by a period of power struggle, not only of the Serbian throne between the brothers but between the Byzantine Empire and Kingdom of Hungary, of which he took advantage. He had two brothers Desa and Beloš, and a sister Helena of Serbia, Queen of Hungary. Furthermore, Uroš II also had to contend with the Second Norman invasion of the Balkans (1147-1149).

Uroš II
Grand Prince of Serbia
Reign1145–1161[b]
PredecessorUroš I
SuccessorDesa
DynastyVukanović
FatherUroš I
MotherAnna Diogenissa
ReligionEastern Orthodox

Background edit

Grand Prince Vukan I (r. 1083–1112) initially ruled Grand Principality of Serbia (Rascia) under the overlordship of Constantine Bodin, the titular King of Doclea. Bodin renounced the Byzantine Empire in 1089, when he turned to the Pope, who raised the bishopric of Bar to an Archbishopric. In 1089 or by 1091, the Byzantines invaded Doclea, capturing Bodin. Civil war ensued in Doclea, and Rascia asserted independence. Vukan immediately raids Byzantine territory, first in Kosovo, then northern Macedonia. As the Emperor had affairs in other parts of the Empire (Levounion, Crusade), Vukan accepts and then breaks the peace treaties signed between the two, back and forth, until 1106 when the final treaty is signed.

In Doclea, Bodin dies before 1101, and his heirs are forced to recognize Byzantine overlordship.

Life edit

Uroš II was the son of Uroš I, Grand Prince of Serbia (r. ca. 1112–1145) and Anna Diogenissa, granddaughter of Byzantine Emperor Romanos IV Diogenes. He had two brothers: Desa and Beloš, and a sister: Helena, who married Béla II of Hungary.

In 1141, Béla II died and was succeeded by his son Géza II who was still a child.[1] Helena and Beloš (who joined Helena in Hungary after the marriage, and received the title of dux), became the official regents of Hungary until September 1146.[1] In 1145, Beloš receives the title of comes palatinus, the highest court title - meaning he could substitute for the King when necessary.[1] Beloš had close ties with Uroš II, and they were able to count on each other in times of trouble.[1] In 1149, Beloš' Hungarian army aids Uroš II against the Byzantines.

Desa is mentioned in a charter dated 1150 as "Dessa Dioclie, Terbunie et Zacholmie dux", i.e. the Duke of Duklja, Travunija and Zahumlje.[2]

In 1150, Uroš II swore loyalty to the Emperor, and demanded that Desa be put in prison.[3] He recovered his title and lands, and Desa also swore loyalty, and was recognized as ruler of the Dalmatian lands.[3] The two brothers were to rule the appointed regions as Manuel's vassals.[3] The event is part of what would become a competition between the Byzantine Emperor and Holy Roman Emperor that would soon move into Hungary.[3]

In 1151, Manuel I declares war on Hungary.[4] This was due to the fact that Hungary had aided Serbia in its revolts against Byzantine rule.[5] Byzantine troops are sent into Srem and across the Danube.[4] The Byzantines caused great destruction and then withdrew, the operation being strictly punitive, with no occupation of lands.[4] Géza soon signed a peace treaty.[4] Over the next 20 years, there were to be 10 campaigns against Hungary.[4] Manuel I was able to keep the Hungarians under control in the Balkans, at the expense of abandoning the Norman conflict.[4]

In 1153[3] or 1155, Desa ousts him.[6] The pro-Hungarian faction at the Serbian court was upset with the Byzantine overlordship.[4] In autumn 1154, Manuel I settles the dispute between Uroš II and Desa.[3] The Emperor restored Uroš II in 1155 or 1156, and gave the deposed Desa an appanage of Dendra, a prosperous and populous area near Niš.[7][8][9]

In 1161/1162, Uroš II is replaced by Beloš, who rules briefly, before returning to his office in Hungary and Croatia.[10]

Aftermath edit

Zavida had presumably tried to oust either Uroš II or Desa, or acquire an appanage of his own, then fled after failing in his attempt.[7]

Ancestry edit

Notes edit

  1. ^
    Name: His given name was Uroš II (Serbian Cyrillic: Урош II), but he has also been called Primislav (Примислав) or Prvoslav (Првослав). There is a possibility that Primislav is a fourth brother, although most scholars agree that the name was used as an alternative.[10]
  2. ^
    Reign: Fine in The Early Medieval Balkans puts his reign "by 1145 to early 1160s", with Desa briefly ruling in 1150 and 1155.[11] Fine in The Late Medieval Balkans puts his reign until 1161/1162, with Desa briefly ruling in 1155.[6]

References edit

  1. ^ a b c d Fine, Early, p. 236
  2. ^ Monumenta Historiam Slavorum Meridionalium, Vol. XXIII, Actæ Bosnæ, IX, p. 2.
  3. ^ a b c d e f Stephenson, p. 245
  4. ^ a b c d e f g Fine, Early, p. 238
  5. ^ Cinnamus, p. 90
  6. ^ a b Fine, Late, p. 2
  7. ^ a b Fine, Late, p. 3
  8. ^ Stephenson, p. 122–123
  9. ^ Stephenson, p. 246
  10. ^ a b Fine, Early, p. 239
  11. ^ Fine, Early, p. 298

Sources edit

  • Charles M. Brand (22 December 1976). Deeds of John and Manuel Comnenus. Columbia University Press. ISBN 978-0-231-52155-0.
  • Ćirković, Sima (2004). The Serbs. Malden: Blackwell Publishing. ISBN 9781405142915.
  • Fine, John Van Antwerp Jr. (1991) [1983]. The Early Medieval Balkans: A Critical Survey from the Sixth to the Late Twelfth Century. Ann Arbor, Michigan: University of Michigan Press. ISBN 0472081497.
  • Stephenson, Paul (2000). Byzantium's Balkan Frontier: A Political Study of the Northern Balkans, 900–1204. Cambridge; New York: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-77017-3.
  • Živković, Tibor (2006). Portreti srpskih vladara (IX—XII vek). Belgrade. ISBN 86-17-13754-1.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  • Ćorović, Vladimir (2001). Istorija srpskog naroda (Internet ed.). Belgrade: Ars Libri.

Further reading edit

  • Kalić, J. (1970). "Raški veliki župan Uroš II". ZRVI (12): 21–37.
Uroš II Primislav
Regnal titles
Preceded by Grand Prince of Serbia
1145–1161[b] 		Succeeded by
Desa
(1150, 1155
1162-)
Succeeded by
Beloš
(1162)

January 01, 1970
uroš, grand, prince, serbia, serb, king, 1282, 1321, stephen, uroš, milutin, serbia, uroš, serbian, cyrillic, Урош, also, known, primislav, Примислав, prvoslav, Првослав, serbian, grand, prince, from, 1145, 1162, with, brief, interruptions, ruler, desa, brothe. For the Serb King 1282 1321 see Stephen Uros II Milutin of Serbia Uros II a Serbian Cyrillic Urosh II also known as Primislav Primislav or Prvoslav Prvoslav was Serbian Grand Prince from c 1145 to 1162 with brief interruptions as ruler by Desa his brother His rule was characterized by a period of power struggle not only of the Serbian throne between the brothers but between the Byzantine Empire and Kingdom of Hungary of which he took advantage He had two brothers Desa and Belos and a sister Helena of Serbia Queen of Hungary Furthermore Uros II also had to contend with the Second Norman invasion of the Balkans 1147 1149 Uros IIGrand Prince of SerbiaReign1145 1161 b PredecessorUros ISuccessorDesaDynastyVukanovicFatherUros IMotherAnna DiogenissaReligionEastern Orthodox Contents 1 Background 2 Life 3 Aftermath 4 Ancestry 5 Notes 6 References 7 Sources 8 Further readingBackground editThis section needs expansion You can help by adding to it August 2011 Grand Prince Vukan I r 1083 1112 initially ruled Grand Principality of Serbia Rascia under the overlordship of Constantine Bodin the titular King of Doclea Bodin renounced the Byzantine Empire in 1089 when he turned to the Pope who raised the bishopric of Bar to an Archbishopric In 1089 or by 1091 the Byzantines invaded Doclea capturing Bodin Civil war ensued in Doclea and Rascia asserted independence Vukan immediately raids Byzantine territory first in Kosovo then northern Macedonia As the Emperor had affairs in other parts of the Empire Levounion Crusade Vukan accepts and then breaks the peace treaties signed between the two back and forth until 1106 when the final treaty is signed In Doclea Bodin dies before 1101 and his heirs are forced to recognize Byzantine overlordship Life editUros II was the son of Uros I Grand Prince of Serbia r ca 1112 1145 and Anna Diogenissa granddaughter of Byzantine Emperor Romanos IV Diogenes He had two brothers Desa and Belos and a sister Helena who married Bela II of Hungary In 1141 Bela II died and was succeeded by his son Geza II who was still a child 1 Helena and Belos who joined Helena in Hungary after the marriage and received the title of dux became the official regents of Hungary until September 1146 1 In 1145 Belos receives the title of comes palatinus the highest court title meaning he could substitute for the King when necessary 1 Belos had close ties with Uros II and they were able to count on each other in times of trouble 1 In 1149 Belos Hungarian army aids Uros II against the Byzantines Desa is mentioned in a charter dated 1150 as Dessa Dioclie Terbunie et Zacholmie dux i e the Duke of Duklja Travunija and Zahumlje 2 In 1150 Uros II swore loyalty to the Emperor and demanded that Desa be put in prison 3 He recovered his title and lands and Desa also swore loyalty and was recognized as ruler of the Dalmatian lands 3 The two brothers were to rule the appointed regions as Manuel s vassals 3 The event is part of what would become a competition between the Byzantine Emperor and Holy Roman Emperor that would soon move into Hungary 3 In 1151 Manuel I declares war on Hungary 4 This was due to the fact that Hungary had aided Serbia in its revolts against Byzantine rule 5 Byzantine troops are sent into Srem and across the Danube 4 The Byzantines caused great destruction and then withdrew the operation being strictly punitive with no occupation of lands 4 Geza soon signed a peace treaty 4 Over the next 20 years there were to be 10 campaigns against Hungary 4 Manuel I was able to keep the Hungarians under control in the Balkans at the expense of abandoning the Norman conflict 4 In 1153 3 or 1155 Desa ousts him 6 The pro Hungarian faction at the Serbian court was upset with the Byzantine overlordship 4 In autumn 1154 Manuel I settles the dispute between Uros II and Desa 3 The Emperor restored Uros II in 1155 or 1156 and gave the deposed Desa an appanage of Dendra a prosperous and populous area near Nis 7 8 9 In 1161 1162 Uros II is replaced by Belos who rules briefly before returning to his office in Hungary and Croatia 10 Aftermath editThis section needs expansion You can help by adding to it August 2011 Zavida had presumably tried to oust either Uros II or Desa or acquire an appanage of his own then fled after failing in his attempt 7 Ancestry editAncestors of Uros II Grand Prince of Serbia8 Petrislav VojislavljevicSerbian Prince4 Vukan I of SerbiaSerbian Grand Prince2 Uros I VukanovicSerbian Grand Prince1 Uros II12 Romanos IV DiogenesByzantine Emperor6 Constantine Diogenes13 Anna of Bulgaria3 Anna Diogenissa14 John Komnenos Domestic of the Schools 7 Theodora Komnene Dalassene15 Anna DalasseneNotes edit Name His given name was Uros II Serbian Cyrillic Urosh II but he has also been called Primislav Primislav or Prvoslav Prvoslav There is a possibility that Primislav is a fourth brother although most scholars agree that the name was used as an alternative 10 Reign Fine in The Early Medieval Balkans puts his reign by 1145 to early 1160s with Desa briefly ruling in 1150 and 1155 11 Fine in The Late Medieval Balkans puts his reign until 1161 1162 with Desa briefly ruling in 1155 6 References edit a b c d Fine Early p 236 Monumenta Historiam Slavorum Meridionalium Vol XXIII Actae Bosnae IX p 2 a b c d e f Stephenson p 245 a b c d e f g Fine Early p 238 Cinnamus p 90 a b Fine Late p 2 a b Fine Late p 3 Stephenson p 122 123 Stephenson p 246 a b Fine Early p 239 Fine Early p 298 Sources edit Charles M Brand 22 December 1976 Deeds of John and Manuel Comnenus Columbia University Press ISBN 978 0 231 52155 0 Cirkovic Sima 2004 The Serbs Malden Blackwell Publishing ISBN 9781405142915 Fine John Van Antwerp Jr 1991 1983 The Early Medieval Balkans A Critical Survey from the Sixth to the Late Twelfth Century Ann Arbor Michigan University of Michigan Press ISBN 0472081497 Stephenson Paul 2000 Byzantium s Balkan Frontier A Political Study of the Northern Balkans 900 1204 Cambridge New York Cambridge University Press ISBN 0 521 77017 3 Zivkovic Tibor 2006 Portreti srpskih vladara IX XII vek Belgrade ISBN 86 17 13754 1 a href Template Cite book html title Template Cite book cite book a CS1 maint location missing publisher link Corovic Vladimir 2001 Istorija srpskog naroda Internet ed Belgrade Ars Libri Further reading editKalic J 1970 Raski veliki zupan Uros II ZRVI 12 21 37 Uros II PrimislavVukanovic Regnal titles Preceded byUros I Grand Prince of Serbia1145 1161 b Succeeded byDesa 1150 11551162 Succeeded byBelos 1162 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Uros II Grand Prince of Serbia amp oldid 1220337964, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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