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1964 United States presidential election in Alabama

The 1964 United States presidential election in Alabama was held on November 3, 1964. Alabama voters chose ten representatives, or electors, to the Electoral College, who voted for President and Vice-President. In Alabama, voters voted for electors individually instead of as a slate, as in the other states.

1964 United States presidential election in Alabama

← 1960 November 3, 1964 (1964-11-03) 1968 →
 
Nominee Barry Goldwater Unpledged electors
Party Republican Democratic
Home state Arizona
Running mate William E. Miller
Electoral vote 10 0
Popular vote 479,085 210,732
Percentage 69.45% 30.55%

County Results

President before election

Lyndon B. Johnson
Democratic

Elected President

Lyndon B. Johnson
Democratic

Background edit

Alabama was central to the Civil rights movement in the 1960s.[1] Governor George Wallace condemned and refused to comply with the Civil Rights Act of 1964.[2]

Campaign edit

The primary chose a set of unpledged Democratic electors.[3] by a margin of five-to-one,[4] Under Wallace's guidance, the Alabama Democratic Party placed this slate of unpledged Democratic electors on the ballot,[5][6] against the advice of some legal scholars,[7] but after planning to run for president himself (as he would do in 1968), decided against this in July. Johnson was the third winning president-elect to not appear on the ballot in Alabama, after Abraham Lincoln in 1860 and Harry S. Truman in 1948.

Initially, it was expected that this slate – the only option for mainstream Democrats in Alabama – would be pledged to Wallace himself, but he released them from pledges to vote for him if elected.[8] Once campaigning began, Wallace supported Republican nominee Barry Goldwater over the unpledged slate,[9] although he did campaign for Democratic candidates for state and local offices.[10]

Goldwater received 77% of the white vote.[11]

As of the 2020 presidential election, this is the last time that Sumter County, Greene County, Wilcox County, Lowndes County and Bullock County voted for a Republican candidate, as well as the last time that Macon County did not vote for the national Democratic candidate.[12]

Predictions edit

Source Rating As of
The Boston Globe[13] Safe R (Flip) August 2, 1964
The Wall Street Journal[14] Certain R (Flip) September 29, 1964
The Christian Science Monitor[15] Likely R (Flip) October 27, 1964
The Chicago Tribune[16] Safe R (Flip) October 29, 1964
Los Angeles Times[17] Safe R (Flip) November 1, 1964

Results edit

General election results[18][19][20]
Party Pledged to Elector Votes
Republican Party Barry Goldwater Tom Abernethy 479,085
Republican Party Barry Goldwater Tammy Thomas 479,071
Republican Party Barry Goldwater Alfred Staples 478,925
Republican Party Barry Goldwater Tandy Little, Jr. 478,540
Republican Party Barry Goldwater Wiley Deal 478,398
Republican Party Barry Goldwater Herbert Stockham 477,969
Republican Party Barry Goldwater Gordon Lawless 477,582
Republican Party Barry Goldwater Smith Lanier, II 477,339
Republican Party Barry Goldwater John E. Grenier 477,272
Republican Party Barry Goldwater Basil Horsfield 476,994
Democratic Party Unpledged James B. Allen 210,732
Democratic Party Unpledged MacDonald Gallion 209,848
Democratic Party Unpledged Edmund Blair 209,062
Democratic Party Unpledged Albert P. Brewer 208,059
Democratic Party Unpledged Pete Mathews 207,730
Democratic Party Unpledged Art Hanes 207,594
Democratic Party Unpledged Albert H. Evans, Jr. 207,577
Democratic Party Unpledged Frank Mizell 207,357
Democratic Party Unpledged Jack Giles 207,144
Democratic Party Unpledged I. J. "Jud" Scott 206,618
Total votes 689,817

Results by county edit

1964 United States presidential election in Alabama by county
County Barry Morris Goldwater
Republican
Unpledged electors
Democratic
Margin Total votes cast
# % # % # %
Autauga 2,969 85.83% 490 14.17% 2,479 71.67% 3,459
Baldwin 10,870 81.12% 2,530 18.88% 8,340 62.24% 13,400
Barbour 3,853 79.76% 978 20.24% 2,875 59.51% 4,831
Bibb 2,623 83.94% 502 16.06% 2,121 67.87% 3,125
Blount 4,442 64.67% 2,427 35.33% 2,015 29.33% 6,869
Bullock 1,516 57.64% 1,114 42.36% 402 15.29% 2,630
Butler 4,002 80.44% 973 19.56% 3,029 60.88% 4,975
Calhoun 10,635 63.13% 6,210 36.87% 4,425 26.27% 16,845
Chambers 4,630 64.42% 2,557 35.58% 2,073 28.84% 7,187
Cherokee 1,893 49.70% 1,916 50.30% -23 -0.60% 3,809
Chilton 5,202 75.97% 1,645 24.03% 3,557 51.95% 6,847
Choctaw 2,497 85.81% 413 14.19% 2,084 71.62% 2,910
Clarke 4,460 82.84% 924 17.16% 3,536 65.68% 5,384
Clay 2,815 70.13% 1,199 29.87% 1,616 40.26% 4,014
Cleburne 2,156 76.24% 672 23.76% 1,484 52.48% 2,828
Coffee 4,910 80.19% 1,213 19.81% 3,697 60.38% 6,123
Colbert 5,267 48.59% 5,573 51.41% -306 -2.82% 10,840
Conecuh 2,782 81.32% 639 18.68% 2,143 62.64% 3,421
Coosa 1,978 72.77% 740 27.23% 1,238 45.55% 2,718
Covington 7,554 82.33% 1,621 17.67% 5,933 64.66% 9,175
Crenshaw 3,008 78.66% 816 21.34% 2,192 57.32% 3,824
Cullman 7,152 58.33% 5,110 41.67% 2,042 16.65% 12,262
Dale 4,970 83.77% 963 16.23% 4,007 67.54% 5,933
Dallas 5,888 89.12% 719 10.88% 5,169 78.24% 6,607
DeKalb 6,746 57.69% 4,948 42.31% 1,798 15.38% 11,694
Elmore 6,363 83.77% 1,233 16.23% 5,130 67.54% 7,596
Escambia 5,623 74.47% 1,928 25.53% 3,695 48.93% 7,551
Etowah 12,894 59.06% 8,939 40.94% 3,955 18.11% 21,833
Fayette 3,203 71.34% 1,287 28.66% 1,916 42.67% 4,490
Franklin 4,025 56.41% 3,110 43.59% 915 12.82% 7,135
Geneva 4,502 80.74% 1,074 19.26% 3,428 61.48% 5,576
Greene 1,124 65.69% 587 34.31% 537 31.39% 1,711
Hale 1,898 77.60% 548 22.40% 1,350 55.19% 2,446
Henry 2,896 83.10% 589 16.90% 2,307 66.20% 3,485
Houston 10,353 87.93% 1,421 12.07% 8,932 75.86% 11,774
Jackson 2,730 46.47% 3,145 53.53% -415 -7.06% 5,875
Jefferson 100,756 72.57% 38,082 27.43% 62,674 45.14% 138,838
Lamar 2,734 72.42% 1,041 27.58% 1,693 44.85% 3,775
Lauderdale 5,978 47.55% 6,593 52.45% -615 -4.89% 12,571
Lawrence 1,809 50.00% 1,808 49.97% 1 0.03% 3,617
Lee 5,914 78.69% 1,602 21.31% 4,312 57.37% 7,516
Limestone 2,377 43.99% 3,027 56.01% -650 -12.03% 5,404
Lowndes 1,548 83.32% 310 16.68% 1,238 66.63% 1,858
Macon 1,858 38.46% 2,973 61.54% -1,115 -23.08% 4,831
Madison 14,279 51.93% 13,217 48.07% 1,062 3.86% 27,496
Marengo 3,677 82.33% 789 17.67% 2,888 64.67% 4,466
Marion 3,966 69.42% 1,747 30.58% 2,219 38.84% 5,713
Marshall 5,712 56.33% 4,428 43.67% 1,284 12.66% 10,140
Mobile 49,493 70.72% 20,488 29.28% 29,005 41.45% 69,981
Monroe 3,870 81.37% 886 18.63% 2,984 62.74% 4,756
Montgomery 23,015 75.47% 7,482 24.53% 15,533 50.93% 30,497
Morgan 7,013 56.64% 5,368 43.36% 1,645 13.29% 12,381
Perry 2,046 79.73% 520 20.27% 1,526 59.47% 2,566
Pickens 3,416 82.08% 746 17.92% 2,670 64.15% 4,162
Pike 4,373 84.49% 803 15.51% 3,570 68.97% 5,176
Randolph 3,127 62.65% 1,864 37.35% 1,263 25.31% 4,991
Russell 4,877 76.04% 1,537 23.96% 3,340 52.07% 6,414
St. Clair 4,813 70.76% 1,989 29.24% 2,824 41.52% 6,802
Shelby 6,037 75.65% 1,943 24.35% 4,094 51.30% 7,980
Sumter 1,653 80.32% 405 19.68% 1,248 60.64% 2,058
Talladega 8,946 70.67% 3,712 29.33% 5,234 41.35% 12,658
Tallapoosa 5,530 76.14% 1,733 23.86% 3,797 52.28% 7,263
Tuscaloosa 13,227 68.67% 6,036 31.33% 7,191 37.33% 19,263
Walker 8,582 58.41% 6,110 41.59% 2,472 16.83% 14,692
Washington 2,803 70.18% 1,191 29.82% 1,612 40.36% 3,994
Wilcox 1,789 91.93% 157 8.07% 1,632 83.86% 1,946
Winston 3,438 71.19% 1,391 28.81% 2,047 42.39% 4,829
Totals 479,085 69.45% 210,731 30.55% 268,354 38.90% 689,816

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ Bullock, Charles S.; Gaddie, Ronald Keith. The Triumph of Voting Rights in the South. pp. 41–42. ISBN 0806185309.
  2. ^ Frederick, Jeff. Stand Up for Alabama: Governor George Wallace. pp. 96–99. ISBN 0817315748.
  3. ^ CQ Congressional Quarterly Weekly Report (Report). Vol. 25. Congressional Quarterly, Incorporated. 1967. p. 1121.
  4. ^ McDannald, Alexander Hopkins (1965). Yearbook of the Encyclopedia Americana (Report). p. 63.
  5. ^ "Alabama Expected To Choose Electors Backed by Wallace". The New York Times. May 3, 1964. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved December 9, 2017.
  6. ^ Denton, Herbert H. (October 21, 1964). "Flowers Attacks Wallace Democrats". The Harvard Crimson. Retrieved December 9, 2017.
  7. ^ "Unpledged Votes Are Held Illegal". The New York Times. June 14, 1964. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved December 9, 2017.
  8. ^ Carlson, Jody. George C. Wallace and the Politics of Powerlessness: The Wallace Campaigns for the Presidency, 1964-76. p. 41. ISBN 1412824494..
  9. ^ Grimes, Roy (October 11, 1964). "Look Away, Look Away...". The Victoria Advocate. p. 4A.
  10. ^ Cleghorn, Reece (December 3, 1964). "Aftermath in Alabama". The Reporter. Olympia, Washington: 34.
  11. ^ Black & Black 1992, p. 155.
  12. ^ Sullivan, Robert David; ‘How the Red and Blue Map Evolved Over the Past Century’; America Magazine in The National Catholic Review; June 29, 2016
  13. ^ Roberts, Chalmers (August 2, 1964). "Goldwater Splits The South: Civil Rights Act Already Has Cost LBJ at Least Four States". The Boston Globe. p. A-3.
  14. ^ Sullivan, Joseph W. (September 19, 1964). "The GOP in Dixie: Civil Rights Stand Gives Goldwater a Wide Lead In Most of the South Survey Finds Senator Ahead Everywhere but in Texas; Other Republicans Benefit But Margin Has Narrowed". The Wall Street Journal. p. 1.
  15. ^ Eubanks, Bicknell (October 27, 1964). "Republicans Battle in Dixie: Likely Breakthrough". The Christian Science Monitor. p. 4.
  16. ^ Manly, Chely (October 29, 1964). "Johnson Gains in South but Dixie Is Still Strong for Barry: Goldwater Keeps Loyal Army of Backers". The Chicago Tribune. p. 5.
  17. ^ Kraslow, David (November 1, 1964). "How South Will Vote Remains Big Question: Goldwater "Fairly Safe" in Three States, Johnson in One, Rest Considered Toss-ups". Los Angeles Times. Los Angeles, California. p. (17.
  18. ^ Alabama Official and Statistical Register, 1967. Montgomery, Alabama: Skinner Printing Company. pp. 540–545.
  19. ^ "Election Statistics, 1920 to Present". Office of the Clerk of the United States House of Representatives. Retrieved April 7, 2021.
  20. ^ "Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections – Election Results". Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections. Retrieved April 8, 2021.

Works cited edit

1964, united, states, presidential, election, alabama, main, article, 1964, united, states, presidential, election, held, november, 1964, alabama, voters, chose, representatives, electors, electoral, college, voted, president, vice, president, alabama, voters,. Main article 1964 United States presidential election The 1964 United States presidential election in Alabama was held on November 3 1964 Alabama voters chose ten representatives or electors to the Electoral College who voted for President and Vice President In Alabama voters voted for electors individually instead of as a slate as in the other states 1964 United States presidential election in Alabama 1960 November 3 1964 1964 11 03 1968 Nominee Barry Goldwater Unpledged electors Party Republican Democratic Home state Arizona Running mate William E Miller Electoral vote 10 0 Popular vote 479 085 210 732 Percentage 69 45 30 55 County Results Goldwater 50 60 60 70 70 80 80 90 90 100 Unpledged 50 60 60 70 President before election Lyndon B Johnson Democratic Elected President Lyndon B Johnson Democratic Contents 1 Background 2 Campaign 3 Predictions 4 Results 4 1 Results by county 5 See also 6 References 7 Works citedBackground editAlabama was central to the Civil rights movement in the 1960s 1 Governor George Wallace condemned and refused to comply with the Civil Rights Act of 1964 2 Campaign editThe primary chose a set of unpledged Democratic electors 3 by a margin of five to one 4 Under Wallace s guidance the Alabama Democratic Party placed this slate of unpledged Democratic electors on the ballot 5 6 against the advice of some legal scholars 7 but after planning to run for president himself as he would do in 1968 decided against this in July Johnson was the third winning president elect to not appear on the ballot in Alabama after Abraham Lincoln in 1860 and Harry S Truman in 1948 Initially it was expected that this slate the only option for mainstream Democrats in Alabama would be pledged to Wallace himself but he released them from pledges to vote for him if elected 8 Once campaigning began Wallace supported Republican nominee Barry Goldwater over the unpledged slate 9 although he did campaign for Democratic candidates for state and local offices 10 Goldwater received 77 of the white vote 11 As of the 2020 presidential election this is the last time that Sumter County Greene County Wilcox County Lowndes County and Bullock County voted for a Republican candidate as well as the last time that Macon County did not vote for the national Democratic candidate 12 Predictions editSource Rating As of The Boston Globe 13 Safe R Flip August 2 1964 The Wall Street Journal 14 Certain R Flip September 29 1964 The Christian Science Monitor 15 Likely R Flip October 27 1964 The Chicago Tribune 16 Safe R Flip October 29 1964 Los Angeles Times 17 Safe R Flip November 1 1964Results editGeneral election results 18 19 20 Party Pledged to Elector Votes Republican Party Barry Goldwater Tom Abernethy 479 085 Republican Party Barry Goldwater Tammy Thomas 479 071 Republican Party Barry Goldwater Alfred Staples 478 925 Republican Party Barry Goldwater Tandy Little Jr 478 540 Republican Party Barry Goldwater Wiley Deal 478 398 Republican Party Barry Goldwater Herbert Stockham 477 969 Republican Party Barry Goldwater Gordon Lawless 477 582 Republican Party Barry Goldwater Smith Lanier II 477 339 Republican Party Barry Goldwater John E Grenier 477 272 Republican Party Barry Goldwater Basil Horsfield 476 994 Democratic Party Unpledged James B Allen 210 732 Democratic Party Unpledged MacDonald Gallion 209 848 Democratic Party Unpledged Edmund Blair 209 062 Democratic Party Unpledged Albert P Brewer 208 059 Democratic Party Unpledged Pete Mathews 207 730 Democratic Party Unpledged Art Hanes 207 594 Democratic Party Unpledged Albert H Evans Jr 207 577 Democratic Party Unpledged Frank Mizell 207 357 Democratic Party Unpledged Jack Giles 207 144 Democratic Party Unpledged I J Jud Scott 206 618 Total votes 689 817 Results by county edit 1964 United States presidential election in Alabama by county County Barry Morris Goldwater Republican Unpledged electors Democratic Margin Total votes cast Autauga 2 969 85 83 490 14 17 2 479 71 67 3 459 Baldwin 10 870 81 12 2 530 18 88 8 340 62 24 13 400 Barbour 3 853 79 76 978 20 24 2 875 59 51 4 831 Bibb 2 623 83 94 502 16 06 2 121 67 87 3 125 Blount 4 442 64 67 2 427 35 33 2 015 29 33 6 869 Bullock 1 516 57 64 1 114 42 36 402 15 29 2 630 Butler 4 002 80 44 973 19 56 3 029 60 88 4 975 Calhoun 10 635 63 13 6 210 36 87 4 425 26 27 16 845 Chambers 4 630 64 42 2 557 35 58 2 073 28 84 7 187 Cherokee 1 893 49 70 1 916 50 30 23 0 60 3 809 Chilton 5 202 75 97 1 645 24 03 3 557 51 95 6 847 Choctaw 2 497 85 81 413 14 19 2 084 71 62 2 910 Clarke 4 460 82 84 924 17 16 3 536 65 68 5 384 Clay 2 815 70 13 1 199 29 87 1 616 40 26 4 014 Cleburne 2 156 76 24 672 23 76 1 484 52 48 2 828 Coffee 4 910 80 19 1 213 19 81 3 697 60 38 6 123 Colbert 5 267 48 59 5 573 51 41 306 2 82 10 840 Conecuh 2 782 81 32 639 18 68 2 143 62 64 3 421 Coosa 1 978 72 77 740 27 23 1 238 45 55 2 718 Covington 7 554 82 33 1 621 17 67 5 933 64 66 9 175 Crenshaw 3 008 78 66 816 21 34 2 192 57 32 3 824 Cullman 7 152 58 33 5 110 41 67 2 042 16 65 12 262 Dale 4 970 83 77 963 16 23 4 007 67 54 5 933 Dallas 5 888 89 12 719 10 88 5 169 78 24 6 607 DeKalb 6 746 57 69 4 948 42 31 1 798 15 38 11 694 Elmore 6 363 83 77 1 233 16 23 5 130 67 54 7 596 Escambia 5 623 74 47 1 928 25 53 3 695 48 93 7 551 Etowah 12 894 59 06 8 939 40 94 3 955 18 11 21 833 Fayette 3 203 71 34 1 287 28 66 1 916 42 67 4 490 Franklin 4 025 56 41 3 110 43 59 915 12 82 7 135 Geneva 4 502 80 74 1 074 19 26 3 428 61 48 5 576 Greene 1 124 65 69 587 34 31 537 31 39 1 711 Hale 1 898 77 60 548 22 40 1 350 55 19 2 446 Henry 2 896 83 10 589 16 90 2 307 66 20 3 485 Houston 10 353 87 93 1 421 12 07 8 932 75 86 11 774 Jackson 2 730 46 47 3 145 53 53 415 7 06 5 875 Jefferson 100 756 72 57 38 082 27 43 62 674 45 14 138 838 Lamar 2 734 72 42 1 041 27 58 1 693 44 85 3 775 Lauderdale 5 978 47 55 6 593 52 45 615 4 89 12 571 Lawrence 1 809 50 00 1 808 49 97 1 0 03 3 617 Lee 5 914 78 69 1 602 21 31 4 312 57 37 7 516 Limestone 2 377 43 99 3 027 56 01 650 12 03 5 404 Lowndes 1 548 83 32 310 16 68 1 238 66 63 1 858 Macon 1 858 38 46 2 973 61 54 1 115 23 08 4 831 Madison 14 279 51 93 13 217 48 07 1 062 3 86 27 496 Marengo 3 677 82 33 789 17 67 2 888 64 67 4 466 Marion 3 966 69 42 1 747 30 58 2 219 38 84 5 713 Marshall 5 712 56 33 4 428 43 67 1 284 12 66 10 140 Mobile 49 493 70 72 20 488 29 28 29 005 41 45 69 981 Monroe 3 870 81 37 886 18 63 2 984 62 74 4 756 Montgomery 23 015 75 47 7 482 24 53 15 533 50 93 30 497 Morgan 7 013 56 64 5 368 43 36 1 645 13 29 12 381 Perry 2 046 79 73 520 20 27 1 526 59 47 2 566 Pickens 3 416 82 08 746 17 92 2 670 64 15 4 162 Pike 4 373 84 49 803 15 51 3 570 68 97 5 176 Randolph 3 127 62 65 1 864 37 35 1 263 25 31 4 991 Russell 4 877 76 04 1 537 23 96 3 340 52 07 6 414 St Clair 4 813 70 76 1 989 29 24 2 824 41 52 6 802 Shelby 6 037 75 65 1 943 24 35 4 094 51 30 7 980 Sumter 1 653 80 32 405 19 68 1 248 60 64 2 058 Talladega 8 946 70 67 3 712 29 33 5 234 41 35 12 658 Tallapoosa 5 530 76 14 1 733 23 86 3 797 52 28 7 263 Tuscaloosa 13 227 68 67 6 036 31 33 7 191 37 33 19 263 Walker 8 582 58 41 6 110 41 59 2 472 16 83 14 692 Washington 2 803 70 18 1 191 29 82 1 612 40 36 3 994 Wilcox 1 789 91 93 157 8 07 1 632 83 86 1 946 Winston 3 438 71 19 1 391 28 81 2 047 42 39 4 829 Totals 479 085 69 45 210 731 30 55 268 354 38 90 689 816See also editUnited States presidential elections in AlabamaReferences edit Bullock Charles S Gaddie Ronald Keith The Triumph of Voting Rights in the South pp 41 42 ISBN 0806185309 Frederick Jeff Stand Up for Alabama Governor George Wallace pp 96 99 ISBN 0817315748 CQ Congressional Quarterly Weekly Report Report Vol 25 Congressional Quarterly Incorporated 1967 p 1121 McDannald Alexander Hopkins 1965 Yearbook of the Encyclopedia Americana Report p 63 Alabama Expected To Choose Electors Backed by Wallace The New York Times May 3 1964 ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved December 9 2017 Denton Herbert H October 21 1964 Flowers Attacks Wallace Democrats The Harvard Crimson Retrieved December 9 2017 Unpledged Votes Are Held Illegal The New York Times June 14 1964 ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved December 9 2017 Carlson Jody George C Wallace and the Politics of Powerlessness The Wallace Campaigns for the Presidency 1964 76 p 41 ISBN 1412824494 Grimes Roy October 11 1964 Look Away Look Away The Victoria Advocate p 4A Cleghorn Reece December 3 1964 Aftermath in Alabama The Reporter Olympia Washington 34 Black amp Black 1992 p 155 Sullivan Robert David How the Red and Blue Map Evolved Over the Past Century America Magazine in The National Catholic Review June 29 2016 Roberts Chalmers August 2 1964 Goldwater Splits The South Civil Rights Act Already Has Cost LBJ at Least Four States The Boston Globe p A 3 Sullivan Joseph W September 19 1964 The GOP in Dixie Civil Rights Stand Gives Goldwater a Wide Lead In Most of the South Survey Finds Senator Ahead Everywhere but in Texas Other Republicans Benefit But Margin Has Narrowed The Wall Street Journal p 1 Eubanks Bicknell October 27 1964 Republicans Battle in Dixie Likely Breakthrough The Christian Science Monitor p 4 Manly Chely October 29 1964 Johnson Gains in South but Dixie Is Still Strong for Barry Goldwater Keeps Loyal Army of Backers The Chicago Tribune p 5 Kraslow David November 1 1964 How South Will Vote Remains Big Question Goldwater Fairly Safe in Three States Johnson in One Rest Considered Toss ups Los Angeles Times Los Angeles California p 17 Alabama Official and Statistical Register 1967 Montgomery Alabama Skinner Printing Company pp 540 545 Election Statistics 1920 to Present Office of the Clerk of the United States House of Representatives Retrieved April 7 2021 Dave Leip s Atlas of U S Presidential Elections Election Results Dave Leip s Atlas of U S Presidential Elections Retrieved April 8 2021 Works cited editBlack Earl Black Merle 1992 The Vital South How Presidents Are Elected Harvard University Press ISBN 0674941306 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title 1964 United States presidential election in Alabama amp 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