The 1796–97 United States Senate elections were held on various dates in various states. As these U.S. Senate elections were prior to the ratification of the Seventeenth Amendment in 1913, senators were chosen by state legislatures. Senators were elected over a wide range of time throughout 1796 and 1797, and a seat may have been filled months late or remained vacant due to legislative deadlock.[1] In these elections, terms were up for the senators in Class 1.
Incumbent resigned June 9, 1796. New senator electedJune 11, 1796 on the second ballot. Federalist hold. Successor also elected the same day to the next term, see below.
Incumbent resigned October 15, 1796. New senator electedOctober 18, 1796. Federalist gain. Successor also elected the same day to the next term, see below.
Incumbent resigned June 9, 1796. New senator elected June 11, 1796 on the third ballot. Federalist hold. Winner also elected to finish the current term, see above.
The term of the initially-elected senator, Democratic-Republican William Cocke, ended March 3, 1797 and the Tennessee legislature failed to elect a senator for the new term. The Governor of Tennessee, therefore, appointed Cocke to begin the term, pending a special election. Cocke, however, lost that October 6, 1798 special election to Democratic-Republican Andrew Jackson.
Incumbent Democratic-Republican Moses Robinson resigned October 15, 1796.
Federalist Isaac Tichenor was elected October 18, 1796 both to finish Robinson's term and to the new term that would begin March 4, 1797. However, Tichenor resigned just one year later, October 17, 1797, to become Governor of Vermont. Federalist Nathaniel Chipman was then elected October 17, 1797 to finish the term.
Vermont (special, 1796)edit
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Vermont (regular)edit
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Vermont (special, 1797)edit
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Party Division in the Senate, 1789-Present, via Senate.gov
^"17th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution: Direct Election of U.S. Senators (1913)". National Archives and Records Administration. February 8, 2022.
^"Massachusetts 1796 U.S. Senate, Special, Ballot 2". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved February 4, 2018., citing The Hampshire and Berkshire Chronicle (Springfield, MA). June 21, 1796.
^"Massachusetts 1796 U.S. Senate, Special, Ballot 2". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved February 4, 2018., citing Political Gazette (Newburyport, MA). June 16, 1796.
^"New York 1796 U.S. Senate, Special". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved February 4, 2018., citing Journal of the New York Assembly, 1796. 18. Journal of the New York State Senate, 1796. 12.
^"New Jersey 1796 U.S. Senate". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved February 4, 2018., citing The Albany Gazette (Albany, NY). November 21, 1796.
^"Maryland 1796 U.S. Senate, Special". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved February 4, 2018., citing Charles Carroll to James McHenry. Nov. 28, 1796. Reel 2, Item 990. Charles Carroll Papers. Maryland Historical Society, Baltimore.
^"South Carolina 1796 U.S. Senate, Special". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved February 4, 2018., citing Aurora. General Advertiser (Philadelphia, PA). December 30, 1796.
^"Delaware 1797 U.S. Senate". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved February 4, 2018., citing Journal of the Delaware State Senate, 1797. 18.
^"Massachusetts 1796 U.S. Senate, Ballot 3". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved February 4, 2018., citing Hampshire and Berkshire Chronicle (Springfield, MA). June 21, 1796.
^"New York 1797 U.S. Senate". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved February 4, 2018., citing Journal of the New York Assembly, 1797. 68. Journal of the New York State Senate, 1797. 43-44.
^"Pennsylvania 1797 U.S. Senate". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved February 4, 2018., citing The New World (Philadelphia, PA). February 17, 1797.
^"Virginia 1796 U.S. Senate". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved February 4, 2018., citing The Virginia Argus (Richmond, VA). December 2, 1796.
^ ab"Tennessee 1797 U.S. Senate". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved January 30, 2018., citing Commercial Advertiser (New York, NY). November 11, 1797.
^"Maryland 1797 U.S. Senate, Special". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved February 4, 2018., citing Aurora. General Advertiser (Philadelphia, PA). December 13, 1797.
^"Our Campaigns - MD US Senate Race - Nov 00, 1795". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved 2022-11-04.
^"Our Campaigns - MD US Senate Race - Nov 21, 1796". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved 2022-11-04.
^"Our Campaigns - MD US Senate Race - Dec 08, 1797". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved 2022-11-05.
April 12, 2024
1796, united, states, senate, elections, were, held, various, dates, various, states, these, senate, elections, were, prior, ratification, seventeenth, amendment, 1913, senators, were, chosen, state, legislatures, senators, were, elected, over, wide, range, ti. The 1796 97 United States Senate elections were held on various dates in various states As these U S Senate elections were prior to the ratification of the Seventeenth Amendment in 1913 senators were chosen by state legislatures Senators were elected over a wide range of time throughout 1796 and 1797 and a seat may have been filled months late or remained vacant due to legislative deadlock 1 In these elections terms were up for the senators in Class 1 1796 97 United States Senate elections 1794 amp 1795 Dates vary by state 1798 amp 1799 11 of the 32 seats in the United States Senate plus special elections 17 seats needed for a majority Majority party Minority party Party Federalist Democratic RepublicanSeats before 19 12Seats after 20 10Seat change 1 2Seats up 8 3Races won 9 1Results Federalist hold Federalist gain Dem Republican hold Legislature failed to electMajority Party before electionFederalist Elected Majority Party FederalistThey coincided with John Adams s election as President The ruling Federalist Party gained one seat Contents 1 Results summary 2 Change in composition 2 1 Before the elections 2 2 Results of the regular elections 3 Race summaries 3 1 Special elections during the 4th Congress 3 2 Races leading to the 5th Congress 3 3 Special elections during the 5th Congress 4 Connecticut 4 1 Connecticut regular 4 2 Connecticut special class 1 4 3 Connecticut special class 3 5 Delaware 6 Georgia special 7 Maryland 7 1 Maryland special 1796 7 2 Maryland regular 7 3 Maryland special 1797 8 Massachusetts 8 1 Massachusetts regular 8 2 Massachusetts special class 1 8 3 Massachusetts special class 2 9 New Jersey 9 1 New Jersey regular 9 2 New Jersey special 10 New York 10 1 New York regular 10 2 New York special 11 Pennsylvania 12 Rhode Island 12 1 Rhode Island regular 12 2 Rhode Island special 13 South Carolina special 14 Tennessee 14 1 Tennessee initial 14 2 Tennessee special Class 1 14 3 Tennessee special Class 2 15 Vermont 15 1 Vermont special 1796 15 2 Vermont regular 15 3 Vermont special 1797 16 Virginia 17 See also 18 ReferencesResults summary editSenate party division 5th Congress 1797 1799 Majority party Federalist 22 Minority party Democratic Republican 9 Vacant 1 later filled by Democratic Republican Total seats 32Change in composition editBefore the elections edit After the August 2 1796 admission of Tennessee DR6 DR5 DR4 DR3 DR2 DR1DR7 DR8 DR9N Y Ran DR10Tenn Ran DR11Va Unknown V2 V1 F19Vt Resigned F17R I Ran F16Pa RanMajority F7 F8 F9 F10 F11 F12Conn Ran F13Del Ran F14Md Ran F18Mass Resigned F15N J RanF6 F5 F4 F3 F2 F1Results of the regular elections edit DR6 DR5 DR4 DR3 DR2 DR1DR7 DR8 DR9Va Re elected V2Tenn DR Loss V2 V1 F19Vt Hold F17R I Re elected F16Pa Re elected F20N Y GainMajority F7 F8 F9 F10 F11 F12Conn Re elected F13Del Re elected F14Md Re elected F18Mass Hold F15N J Re electedF6 F5 F4 F3 F2 F1Key DR Democratic RepublicanF FederalistV VacantRace summaries editExcept if when noted the number following candidates is the whole number vote s not a percentage Special elections during the 4th Congress edit In these special elections the winners were seated before March 4 1797 ordered by election date State Incumbent Results CandidatesSenator Party First electedGeorgia Class 2 George Walton Federalist 1795 Appointed Appointee retired when successor elected New senator elected February 20 1796 Democratic Republican gain nbsp Y Josiah Tattnall Democratic Republican data missing Connecticut Class 1 Oliver Ellsworth Federalist 1788 Incumbent resigned to become Chief Justice of the United States New senator elected May 12 1796 Federalist hold nbsp Y James Hillhouse Federalist data missing Massachusetts Class 1 George Cabot Federalist 1790 Incumbent resigned June 9 1796 New senator elected June 11 1796 on the second ballot Federalist hold Successor also elected the same day to the next term see below nbsp Y Benjamin Goodhue Federalist 75 Edward Robbins 65 2 Massachusetts Class 2 Caleb Strong Federalist 1788 Incumbent resigned June 1 1796 New senator elected June 11 1796 on the second ballot Federalist hold nbsp Y Theodore Sedgwick Federalist 107 Edward Robbins Democratic Republican 43 Levi Lincoln Democratic Republican 2 Nathaniel Dane Federalist 1 Thomson J Skinner 1 3 Connecticut Class 3 Jonathan Trumbull Jr Federalist 1794 or 1795 Incumbent resigned June 10 1796 to become Lieutenant Governor of Connecticut New senator elected October 13 1796 Federalist hold nbsp Y Uriah Tracy Federalist data missing Vermont Class 1 Moses Robinson Democratic Republican 1791 New state Incumbent resigned October 15 1796 New senator elected October 18 1796 Federalist gain Successor also elected the same day to the next term see below nbsp Y Isaac Tichenor Federalist data missing New York Class 3 Rufus King Federalist 1789 Incumbent resigned May 23 1796 to become U S Minister to Great Britain New senator elected November 9 1796 Federalist hold nbsp Y John Laurance Federalist 99 Zephaniah Platt 1 4 New Jersey Class 2 Frederick Frelinghuysen Federalist 1792 or 1793 Incumbent resigned November 12 1796 New senator elected November 12 1796 Federalist hold nbsp Y Richard Stockton Federalist Unanimous 5 Maryland Class 1 Richard Potts Federalist 1793 special Incumbent resigned October 24 1796 New senator elected November 28 1796 Federalist hold Successor also later elected to the next term see below nbsp Y John Eager Howard Federalist W Spriggs Federalist 15 6 South Carolina Class 2 Pierce Butler Democratic Republican 1789 Incumbent resigned October 25 1796 New senator elected December 8 1796 Democratic Republican hold nbsp Y John Hunter Democratic Republican 72 John Chestnut 66 7 Races leading to the 5th Congress edit In these regular elections the winner was seated on March 4 1797 ordered by state All of the elections involved the Class 1 seats State Incumbent Results CandidatesSenator Party First electedConnecticut James Hillhouse Federalist 1796 special Incumbent re elected in 1797 nbsp Y James Hillhouse Federalist data missing Delaware Henry Latimer Federalist 1795 special Incumbent re elected January 6 1797 nbsp Y Henry Latimer Federalist 16 David Hall Democratic Republican 6 8 Maryland John Eager Howard Federalist 1796 special Incumbent re elected December 9 1796 nbsp Y John Eager Howard Federalist data missing Massachusetts George Cabot Federalist 1790 Incumbent resigned June 9 1796 New senator elected June 11 1796 on the third ballot Federalist hold Winner also elected to finish the current term see above nbsp Y Benjamin Goodhue Federalist 73 Edward H Robbins 9 New Jersey John Rutherfurd Federalist 1790 Incumbent re elected in 1796 nbsp Y John Rutherfurd Federalist data missing New York Aaron Burr Democratic Republican 1791 Incumbent lost re election New senator elected January 24 1797 Federalist gain nbsp Y Philip Schuyler Federalist 85 James Kent Federalist 1 10 Pennsylvania James Ross Federalist 1794 special Incumbent re elected February 16 1797 nbsp Y James Ross Federalist 56 William Irvine Democratic Republican 38 11 Rhode Island Theodore Foster Federalist 1790 Incumbent re elected in 1797 nbsp Y Theodore Foster Federalist data missing Tennessee William Cocke Democratic Republican 1796 Legislature failed to elect Democratic Republican loss Incumbent later appointed to continue term 12 NoneVermont Moses Robinson Democratic Republican 1791 New state Incumbent resigned October 15 1796 New senator elected October 18 1796 Federalist gain Winner also elected to finish the current term see above nbsp Y Isaac Tichenor Federalist data missing Virginia Stevens Mason Democratic Republican 1794 special Incumbent re elected November 29 1796 nbsp Y Stevens Mason Democratic Republican 114 James Breckinridge Federalist 60 13 Special elections during the 5th Congress edit In these special elections the winners were elected after the March 4 1797 beginning of the next Congress State Incumbent Results CandidatesSenator Party First electedTennessee Class 1 William Cocke Democratic Republican 1796 Interim appointee lost re election New senator elected September 26 1797 Democratic Republican hold nbsp Y Andrew Jackson Democratic Republican 20 William Cocke Democratic Republican 13 14 Tennessee Class 2 William Blount Democratic Republican 1796 Incumbent expelled July 8 1797 15 New senator elected September 26 1797 Democratic Republican hold nbsp Y Joseph Anderson Democratic Republican 33 Unopposed 14 Vermont Class 1 Isaac Tichenor Federalist 1796 special Incumbent resigned October 17 1797 to become Governor of Vermont New senator elected October 17 1797 Federalist hold nbsp Y Nathaniel Chipman Federalist data missing Rhode Island Class 2 William Bradford Federalist 1793 Incumbent resigned in October 1797 New senator elected November 13 1797 Federalist hold nbsp Y Ray Greene Federalist data missing Maryland Class 3 John Henry Federalist 1788 Incumbent resigned July 10 1797 to become Governor of Maryland New senator elected December 8 1797 Federalist hold nbsp Y James Lloyd Federalist Majority of one vote only 16 Connecticut editSee also List of United States senators from Connecticut and 1796 United States House of Representatives election in Connecticut Connecticut regular edit Main article 1797 United States Senate election in Connecticut This section needs expansion You can help by adding to it September 2020 Connecticut special class 1 edit Main article 1796 United States Senate special elections in Connecticut This section needs expansion You can help by adding to it September 2020 Connecticut special class 3 edit Main article 1796 United States Senate special elections in Connecticut This section needs expansion You can help by adding to it September 2020 Delaware editSee also List of United States senators from Delaware and 1796 United States House of Representatives election in Delaware Main article 1797 United States Senate election in Delaware This section needs expansion You can help by adding to it September 2020 Georgia special editSee also List of United States senators from Georgia and 1796 United States House of Representatives election in Georgia Main article 1796 United States Senate special election in Georgia This section needs expansion You can help by adding to it September 2020 Maryland editSee also List of United States senators from Maryland Maryland special 1796 edit This section needs expansion You can help by adding to it November 2022 1796 United States Senate special election in Maryland 1793 1796 1796 80 members of the Maryland General Assembly nbsp Candidate John Eager HowardParty FederalistLegislative vote Percentage John Eager Howard won election to fill the seat vacated by Richard Potts by an unknown number of votes for the Class 1 seat 17 Maryland regular edit This section needs expansion You can help by adding to it November 2022 1796 United States Senate election in Maryland 1796 1796 1802 80 members of the Maryland General Assembly nbsp Candidate John Eager Howard Richard Sprigg Jr Party Federalist Democratic RepublicanLegislative vote Percentage John Eager Howard won re election over Richard Sprigg Jr by an unknown number of votes for the Class 1 seat 18 Maryland special 1797 edit See also List of United States senators from Maryland This section needs expansion You can help by adding to it November 2022 1797 United States Senate special election in Maryland 1795 December 8 1797 1800 80 members of the Maryland General Assembly Candidate James Lloyd William WinderParty Federalist Democratic RepublicanLegislative vote 45 44Percentage 50 56 49 44 James Lloyd won election over William Winder by a margin of 1 12 or 1 vote for the Class 3 seat 19 Massachusetts editSee also List of United States senators from Massachusetts and 1796 1797 United States House of Representatives elections in Massachusetts Massachusetts regular edit Main article 1796 United States Senate election in Massachusetts This section needs expansion You can help by adding to it September 2020 Massachusetts special class 1 edit Main article 1796 United States Senate special elections in Massachusetts This section needs expansion You can help by adding to it September 2020 Massachusetts special class 2 edit Main article 1796 United States Senate special elections in Massachusetts This section needs expansion You can help by adding to it September 2020 New Jersey editSee also List of United States senators from New Jersey and 1797 United States House of Representatives election in New Jersey New Jersey regular edit Main article 1796 United States Senate election in New Jersey This section needs expansion You can help by adding to it September 2020 New Jersey special edit Main article 1796 United States Senate special election in New Jersey This section needs expansion You can help by adding to it September 2020 New York editSee also List of United States senators from New York and 1796 United States House of Representatives elections in New York New York regular edit Main article 1797 United States Senate election in New York This section needs expansion You can help by adding to it September 2020 New York special edit Main article 1796 United States Senate special election in New York This section needs expansion You can help by adding to it September 2020 Pennsylvania editSee also List of United States senators from Pennsylvania and 1796 United States House of Representatives elections in Pennsylvania Main article 1797 United States Senate election in Pennsylvania This section needs expansion You can help by adding to it September 2020 Rhode Island editSee also List of United States senators from Rhode Island and 1796 United States House of Representatives elections in Rhode Island Rhode Island regular edit Main article 1797 United States Senate election in Rhode Island This section needs expansion You can help by adding to it September 2020 Rhode Island special edit Main article 1797 United States Senate special election in Rhode Island This section needs expansion You can help by adding to it September 2020 South Carolina special editSee also List of United States senators from South Carolina and 1796 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina Main article 1796 United States Senate special election in South Carolina This section needs expansion You can help by adding to it September 2020 Tennessee editSee also List of United States senators from Tennessee 1796 United States House of Representatives election in Tennessee and 1797 United States House of Representatives election in Tennessee Tennessee initial edit Main article 1796 United States Senate elections in Tennessee Tennessee became a state June 1 1796 and elected its new senators August 2 1796 Tennessee special Class 1 edit Main article 1797 United States Senate special elections in Tennessee The term of the initially elected senator Democratic Republican William Cocke ended March 3 1797 and the Tennessee legislature failed to elect a senator for the new term The Governor of Tennessee therefore appointed Cocke to begin the term pending a special election Cocke however lost that October 6 1798 special election to Democratic Republican Andrew Jackson Tennessee special Class 2 edit Main article 1797 United States Senate special elections in Tennessee Democratic Republican William Blount was expelled July 8 1797 for conspiracy with the Kingdom of Great Britain Democratic Republican Joseph Anderson was elected September 26 1797 to finish Blount s term Vermont edit nbsp Senator Nathaniel Chipman nbsp Senator Isaac TichenorSee also List of United States senators from Vermont and 1796 1797 United States House of Representatives elections in Vermont Incumbent Democratic Republican Moses Robinson resigned October 15 1796 Federalist Isaac Tichenor was elected October 18 1796 both to finish Robinson s term and to the new term that would begin March 4 1797 However Tichenor resigned just one year later October 17 1797 to become Governor of Vermont Federalist Nathaniel Chipman was then elected October 17 1797 to finish the term Vermont special 1796 edit This section needs expansion You can help by adding to it September 2020 Vermont regular edit This section needs expansion You can help by adding to it September 2020 Vermont special 1797 edit This section needs expansion You can help by adding to it September 2020 Virginia editSee also List of United States senators from Virginia and 1797 United States House of Representatives elections in Virginia Main article 1796 United States Senate election in Virginia This section needs expansion You can help by adding to it September 2020 See also edit1796 United States elections 1796 United States presidential election 1796 97 United States House of Representatives elections 4th United States Congress 5th United States CongressReferences editParty Division in the Senate 1789 Present via Senate gov 17th Amendment to the U S Constitution Direct Election of U S Senators 1913 National Archives and Records Administration February 8 2022 Massachusetts 1796 U S Senate Special Ballot 2 Tufts Digital Collations and Archives A New Nation Votes American Election Returns 1787 1825 Tufts University Retrieved February 4 2018 citing The Hampshire and Berkshire Chronicle Springfield MA June 21 1796 Massachusetts 1796 U S Senate Special Ballot 2 Tufts Digital Collations and Archives A New Nation Votes American Election Returns 1787 1825 Tufts University Retrieved February 4 2018 citing Political Gazette Newburyport MA June 16 1796 New York 1796 U S Senate Special Tufts Digital Collations and Archives A New Nation Votes American Election Returns 1787 1825 Tufts University Retrieved February 4 2018 citing Journal of the New York Assembly 1796 18 Journal of the New York State Senate 1796 12 New Jersey 1796 U S Senate Tufts Digital Collations and Archives A New Nation Votes American Election Returns 1787 1825 Tufts University Retrieved February 4 2018 citing The Albany Gazette Albany NY November 21 1796 Maryland 1796 U S Senate Special Tufts Digital Collations and Archives A New Nation Votes American Election Returns 1787 1825 Tufts University Retrieved February 4 2018 citing Charles Carroll to James McHenry Nov 28 1796 Reel 2 Item 990 Charles Carroll Papers Maryland Historical Society Baltimore South Carolina 1796 U S Senate Special Tufts Digital Collations and Archives A New Nation Votes American Election Returns 1787 1825 Tufts University Retrieved February 4 2018 citing Aurora General Advertiser Philadelphia PA December 30 1796 Delaware 1797 U S Senate Tufts Digital Collations and Archives A New Nation Votes American Election Returns 1787 1825 Tufts University Retrieved February 4 2018 citing Journal of the Delaware State Senate 1797 18 Massachusetts 1796 U S Senate Ballot 3 Tufts Digital Collations and Archives A New Nation Votes American Election Returns 1787 1825 Tufts University Retrieved February 4 2018 citing Hampshire and Berkshire Chronicle Springfield MA June 21 1796 New York 1797 U S Senate Tufts Digital Collations and Archives A New Nation Votes American Election Returns 1787 1825 Tufts University Retrieved February 4 2018 citing Journal of the New York Assembly 1797 68 Journal of the New York State Senate 1797 43 44 Pennsylvania 1797 U S Senate Tufts Digital Collations and Archives A New Nation Votes American Election Returns 1787 1825 Tufts University Retrieved February 4 2018 citing The New World Philadelphia PA February 17 1797 United States Congress William Cocke id C000572 Biographical Directory of the United States Congress Retrieved January 4 2013 Virginia 1796 U S Senate Tufts Digital Collations and Archives A New Nation Votes American Election Returns 1787 1825 Tufts University Retrieved February 4 2018 citing The Virginia Argus Richmond VA December 2 1796 a b Tennessee 1797 U S Senate Tufts Digital Collations and Archives A New Nation Votes American Election Returns 1787 1825 Tufts University Retrieved January 30 2018 citing Commercial Advertiser New York NY November 11 1797 United States Congress William Blount id B000570 Biographical Directory of the United States Congress Retrieved January 4 2013 Maryland 1797 U S Senate Special Tufts Digital Collations and Archives A New Nation Votes American Election Returns 1787 1825 Tufts University Retrieved February 4 2018 citing Aurora General Advertiser Philadelphia PA December 13 1797 Our Campaigns MD US Senate Race Nov 00 1795 www ourcampaigns com Retrieved 2022 11 04 Our Campaigns MD US Senate Race Nov 21 1796 www ourcampaigns com Retrieved 2022 11 04 Our Campaigns MD US Senate Race Dec 08 1797 www ourcampaigns com Retrieved 2022 11 05 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title 1796 97 United States Senate elections amp oldid 1176400095, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
