A U.S. National Marine Sanctuary is a zone within United States waters where the marine environment enjoys special protection.[2] The program was established in 1972 by the Marine Protection, Research, and Sanctuaries Act and is currently administered by the National Ocean Service through the National Marine Sanctuaries Act (NMSA).[3]
A U.S. National Marine Sanctuary is a federally designated area within United States waters that protects areas of the marine environment with special conservation, recreational, ecological, historical, cultural, archeological, scientific, educational, or aesthetic qualities. While National Marine Sanctuaries are multiple-use areas, the NMSA emphasizes that one of the express purposes of a sanctuary is to “maintain the natural biological communities” and to “protect and, where appropriate, restore and enhance natural habitats, populations, and ecological processes.” The National Marine Sanctuary System consists of 15 marine protected areas that encompass more than 783,000 square miles (2,030,000 km2). Individual areas range from less than 1 to 583,000 square miles (3 to 1,509,963 km2).[4]
Designation as a National Marine Sanctuary does not automatically prohibit fishing and other activities. Recreational and commercial fishing is allowed in some sanctuaries. It is possible to restrict consumptive or destructive activities through the initial designation process and NMSP actions.[citation needed] There are restrictions in some sanctuaries that are enforced by other governing agencies. For example, current regulations restricting fishing in Stellwagen Bank were not issued by the NMSP, but rather by National Marine Fisheries Service (NOAA Fisheries) and the New England Fishery Management Council, which have jurisdiction in federal waters off the New England coast generally.[6] The private nonprofit organizationMarine Conservation Institute has compiled fact sheets for each sanctuary listing activities which are directly regulated by the NMSP.[7]
Designating Sanctuary Sitesedit
Site selection is done under the auspices of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). Regional teams of marine scientists identify geographically representative sites for potential marine sanctuaries. NOAA then selects candidate sites and meets with state or territorial resource managers and/or the state or territorial governor's staff to determine the local level of interest in establishing a sanctuary. If there is mutually satisfactory interest, the candidate sites are evaluated through a process of public and legislative review and validated by the United States Congress and state or territorial governments. NOAA initiates the designation by the preparation of a Draft Environmental Impact Statement (DEIS) and a proposed management plan, then publishes a notice of its plans in the Federal Register. NOAA sponors regional meetings and public hearings to gather comments. The U.S. Congress receives the draft statements and may conduct its own hearings. NOAA prepares a Final Environmental Impact Statement (FEIS) that addresses the concerns raised in the DEIS process and distributes it for comment. Finally, upon approval of the President of the United States, the United States Secretary of Commerce, who oversees NOAA, designates the area as a National Marine Sanctuary. The U.S. Congress and the governor of the state or territory then may formally object to or appeal the designation.[8]
President Biden's America the Beautiful Initiative supports local-led conservation efforts throughout the United States which has a goal to restore 30% of US lands and waters before the year 2030. The NOAA proposes the Chumash Heritage National Marine Sanctuary which would add a sanctuary designation covering 134 miles of Southern California coastline, and around 5,600 square miles of water off the coast of Central California.[9] This would span from Cambria to Santa Barbara, and connect two already existing Marine Sanctuaries being the Monterey Bay and the Channel Islands National Marine Sanctuaries.
List of U.S. National Marine Sanctuariesedit
Global view of National Marine Sanctuaries extant in 2008.Diagram illustrating the orientation of the three marine sanctuaries of Central California: Cordell Bank, Gulf of the Farallones, and Monterey Bay.
Lake Ontario National Marine Sanctuary (Great Lakes)[11]
Chumash Heritage National Marine Sanctuary (Pacific)[9]
Lake Erie National Marine Sanctuary
Hudson Canyon National Marine Sanctuary
Pacific Remote Islands National Marine Sanctuary
Papahanamokuakea National Marine Sanctuary
Notesedit
^NOAA Budget Summary(PDF). United States Department of Commerce. Retrieved August 29, 2016.
^MPP 1, Angela M. Haren (May 25, 2007). "Reducing Noise Pollution from Commercial Shipping in the Channel Islands National Marine Sanctuary: A Case Study in Marine Protected Area Management of Underwater Noise". Journal of International Wildlife Law & Policy. 10 (2): 153–173. doi:10.1080/13880290701347432. ISSN 1388-0292. S2CID 216114235.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
^"National Marine Sanctuaries Act and Legislation | Office of National Marine Sanctuaries". sanctuaries.noaa.gov. Retrieved October 18, 2023.
^ National Marine Sanctuary Frequently Asked Questions
^Casserley, TR. "Torrid Seas to Icebound Lakes: Shipwreck Investigations within NOAA's National Marine Sanctuaries". In: Pollock NW, ed. Diving for Science 2009. Proceedings of the American Academy of Underwater Sciences 28th Symposium. Dauphin Island, AL: AAUS; 2009. Archived from the original on April 15, 2013. Retrieved March 6, 2013.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
^"About: FAQ: Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary". Retrieved September 30, 2014.
^National Marine Sanctuaries » Marine Conservation Institute
^ ab"Proposed Designation of Chumash Heritage National Marine Sanctuary | Office of National Marine Sanctuaries". sanctuaries.noaa.gov. Retrieved April 14, 2022.
^Briscoe, Tony. "Advisory Council Meeting for proposed Lake Ontario National Marine Sanctuary to meet virtually June 10". chicagotribune.com. Retrieved September 17, 2017.
^"Underwater sanctuary plan aims to preserve Lake Michigan shipwrecks off Wisconsin". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved June 29, 2021.
External linksedit
Sanctuaries.noaa.gov: Official National Marine Sanctuaries website
January 01, 1970
national, marine, sanctuary, zone, within, united, states, waters, where, marine, environment, enjoys, special, protection, program, established, 1972, marine, protection, research, sanctuaries, currently, administered, national, ocean, service, through, natio. A U S National Marine Sanctuary is a zone within United States waters where the marine environment enjoys special protection 2 The program was established in 1972 by the Marine Protection Research and Sanctuaries Act and is currently administered by the National Ocean Service through the National Marine Sanctuaries Act NMSA 3 Office of National Marine SanctuariesAgency overviewFormedOctober 23 1972 51 years ago 1972 10 23 JurisdictionUnited States federal governmentHeadquarters1305 East West Highway Silver Spring MD 20910Employees350Annual budget 50 million 2016 1 Agency executiveJohn Armor Acting Director of The Office of National Marine SanctuariesParent agencyNational Oceanic and Atmospheric AdministrationWebsitewww sanctuaries noaa gov A U S National Marine Sanctuary is a federally designated area within United States waters that protects areas of the marine environment with special conservation recreational ecological historical cultural archeological scientific educational or aesthetic qualities While National Marine Sanctuaries are multiple use areas the NMSA emphasizes that one of the express purposes of a sanctuary is to maintain the natural biological communities and to protect and where appropriate restore and enhance natural habitats populations and ecological processes The National Marine Sanctuary System consists of 15 marine protected areas that encompass more than 783 000 square miles 2 030 000 km2 Individual areas range from less than 1 to 583 000 square miles 3 to 1 509 963 km2 4 The Office of National Marine Sanctuaries ONMS a division of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration NOAA administers the 15 national marine sanctuaries The program began after the 1969 Santa Barbara oil spill off the coast of California brought the plight of marine ecosystems to national attention The United States Congress responded in 1972 with the Marine Protection Research and Sanctuaries Act which allowed for the creation of marine sanctuaries The resources protected by U S national marine sanctuaries range from coral reef ecosystems in American Samoa Florida Hawaii and Texas to shipwrecks in the Great Lakes and the Atlantic Ocean 5 The NMSP also is involved in the administration of the Papahanaumokuakea Marine National Monument and the Rose Atoll Marine National Monument although they are not U S national marine sanctuaries The NMSP jointly administers the Papahanaumokuakea Marine National Monument in conjunction with the United States Fish and Wildlife Service and the State of Hawaii and it jointly administers the Rose Atoll Marine National Monument with the U S Fish and Wildlife Service Contents 1 Scope of protection 2 Designating Sanctuary Sites 3 List of U S National Marine Sanctuaries 3 1 In Designation 4 Notes 5 External linksScope of protection editDesignation as a National Marine Sanctuary does not automatically prohibit fishing and other activities Recreational and commercial fishing is allowed in some sanctuaries It is possible to restrict consumptive or destructive activities through the initial designation process and NMSP actions citation needed There are restrictions in some sanctuaries that are enforced by other governing agencies For example current regulations restricting fishing in Stellwagen Bank were not issued by the NMSP but rather by National Marine Fisheries Service NOAA Fisheries and the New England Fishery Management Council which have jurisdiction in federal waters off the New England coast generally 6 The private nonprofit organization Marine Conservation Institute has compiled fact sheets for each sanctuary listing activities which are directly regulated by the NMSP 7 Designating Sanctuary Sites editSite selection is done under the auspices of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration NOAA Regional teams of marine scientists identify geographically representative sites for potential marine sanctuaries NOAA then selects candidate sites and meets with state or territorial resource managers and or the state or territorial governor s staff to determine the local level of interest in establishing a sanctuary If there is mutually satisfactory interest the candidate sites are evaluated through a process of public and legislative review and validated by the United States Congress and state or territorial governments NOAA initiates the designation by the preparation of a Draft Environmental Impact Statement DEIS and a proposed management plan then publishes a notice of its plans in the Federal Register NOAA sponors regional meetings and public hearings to gather comments The U S Congress receives the draft statements and may conduct its own hearings NOAA prepares a Final Environmental Impact Statement FEIS that addresses the concerns raised in the DEIS process and distributes it for comment Finally upon approval of the President of the United States the United States Secretary of Commerce who oversees NOAA designates the area as a National Marine Sanctuary The U S Congress and the governor of the state or territory then may formally object to or appeal the designation 8 President Biden s America the Beautiful Initiative supports local led conservation efforts throughout the United States which has a goal to restore 30 of US lands and waters before the year 2030 The NOAA proposes the Chumash Heritage National Marine Sanctuary which would add a sanctuary designation covering 134 miles of Southern California coastline and around 5 600 square miles of water off the coast of Central California 9 This would span from Cambria to Santa Barbara and connect two already existing Marine Sanctuaries being the Monterey Bay and the Channel Islands National Marine Sanctuaries List of U S National Marine Sanctuaries edit nbsp Global view of National Marine Sanctuaries extant in 2008 nbsp Diagram illustrating the orientation of the three marine sanctuaries of Central California Cordell Bank Gulf of the Farallones and Monterey Bay Channel Islands National Marine Sanctuary Pacific Cordell Bank National Marine Sanctuary Pacific National Marine Sanctuary of American Samoa formerly Fagatele Bay Pacific Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary Atlantic Gulf of Mexico Flower Garden Banks National Marine Sanctuary Gulf of Mexico Gray s Reef National Marine Sanctuary Atlantic Greater Farallones National Marine Sanctuary formerly Gulf of the Farallones Pacific Hawaiian Islands Humpback Whale National Marine Sanctuary Pacific Mallows Bay National Marine Sanctuary Atlantic Monitor National Marine Sanctuary Atlantic Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary Pacific Olympic Coast National Marine Sanctuary Pacific Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary Atlantic Thunder Bay National Marine Sanctuary Great Lakes Wisconsin Shipwreck Coast National Marine Sanctuary Great Lakes 10 In Designation edit Lake Ontario National Marine Sanctuary Great Lakes 11 Chumash Heritage National Marine Sanctuary Pacific 9 Lake Erie National Marine Sanctuary Hudson Canyon National Marine Sanctuary Pacific Remote Islands National Marine Sanctuary Papahanamokuakea National Marine SanctuaryNotes edit NOAA Budget Summary PDF United States Department of Commerce Retrieved August 29 2016 MPP 1 Angela M Haren May 25 2007 Reducing Noise Pollution from Commercial Shipping in the Channel Islands National Marine Sanctuary A Case Study in Marine Protected Area Management of Underwater Noise Journal of International Wildlife Law amp Policy 10 2 153 173 doi 10 1080 13880290701347432 ISSN 1388 0292 S2CID 216114235 a href Template Cite journal html title Template Cite journal cite journal a CS1 maint numeric names authors list link National Marine Sanctuaries Act and Legislation Office of National Marine Sanctuaries sanctuaries noaa gov Retrieved October 18 2023 National Marine Sanctuary Frequently Asked Questions Casserley TR Torrid Seas to Icebound Lakes Shipwreck Investigations within NOAA s National Marine Sanctuaries In Pollock NW ed Diving for Science 2009 Proceedings of the American Academy of Underwater Sciences 28th Symposium Dauphin Island AL AAUS 2009 Archived from the original on April 15 2013 Retrieved March 6 2013 a href Template Cite journal html title Template Cite journal cite journal a CS1 maint unfit URL link About FAQ Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary Retrieved September 30 2014 National Marine Sanctuaries Marine Conservation Institute Fiske Shirley J January 1 1992 Sociocultural aspects of establishing marine protected areas Ocean amp Coastal Management 17 1 25 46 doi 10 1016 0964 5691 92 90060 X ISSN 0964 5691 a b Proposed Designation of Chumash Heritage National Marine Sanctuary Office of National Marine Sanctuaries sanctuaries noaa gov Retrieved April 14 2022 Briscoe Tony Advisory Council Meeting for proposed Lake Ontario National Marine Sanctuary to meet virtually June 10 chicagotribune com Retrieved September 17 2017 Underwater sanctuary plan aims to preserve Lake Michigan shipwrecks off Wisconsin National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Retrieved June 29 2021 External links editSanctuaries noaa gov Official National Marine Sanctuaries website Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title National Marine Sanctuary amp oldid 1222473150, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
